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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">actabiomedica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Acta Biomedica Scientifica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Acta Biomedica Scientifica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-9420</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9596</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29413/ABS.2025-10.6.6</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">actabiomedica-5735</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЕНЕТИКА, ПРОТЕОМИКА И МЕТАБОЛОМИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GENETICS, PROTEOMICS AND METABOLOMICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Роль альтернативного сплайсинга гена FLT1 в развитии задержки роста плода</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The role of the FLT1 gene alternative splicing in the fetal growth retardation development</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9526-8581</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гавриленко</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gavrilenko</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гавриленко Мария Михайловна – младший научный сотрудник лаборатории геномной идентификации и лаборатории эволюционной генетики </p><p>634050, Томская область, г. Томск, Набережная реки Ушайки, 10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria M. Gavrilenko – junior researcher at the Laboratory of Genomic Identification and the Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics </p><p>Ushayki River Embankment, 10, Tomsk region, Tomsk 634050</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gavrilenko@medgenetics.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1311-7403</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трифонова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trifonova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Трифонова Екатерина Александровна – кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории эволюционной генетики </p><p>634050, Томская область, г. Томск, Набережная реки Ушайки, 10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina A. Trifonova – Cand. Sc. (Med.), Senior Researcher at the Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics \</p><p>Ushayki River Embankment, 10, Tomsk region, Tomsk 634050</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ekaterina.trifonova@medgenetics.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1193-5579</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бабовская</surname><given-names>A. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Babovskaya</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бабовская Анастасия Александровна – кандидат медицинских наук, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории геномной идентификации и лаборатории эволюционной генетики</p><p>634050, Томская область, г. Томск, Набережная реки Ушайки, 10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia A. Babovskaya – Cand. Sc. (Med.), Junior Researcher at the Laboratory of Genomic Identification and the Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics </p><p>Ushayki River Embankment, 10, Tomsk region, Tomsk 634050</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anastasia.babovskaya@medgenetics.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5020-4971</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сваровская</surname><given-names>М. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Swarovskaya</surname><given-names>M. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сваровская Мария Геннадьевна – кандидат биологических наук, научный сотрудник лаборатории эволюционной генетики </p><p>634050, Томская область, г. Томск, Набережная реки Ушайки, 10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria G. Swarovskaja – Cand. Sc. (Biol.), Researcher at the Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics </p><p>Ushayki River Embankment, 10, Tomsk region, Tomsk 634050</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">maria.swarovskaja@medgenetics.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9273-6371</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ижойкина</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Izhoykina</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ижойкина Екатерина Владимировна – врач акушер-гинеколог </p><p>634063, Томская область, г. Томск, ул. И. Черных, 96/1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina V. Izhoykina – obstetrician-gynecologist </p><p>I. Chernykh Street, 96/1, Tomsk Region, Tomsk 634063</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">katushkabig@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5166-331X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степанов</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepanov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Степанов Вадим Анатольевич – доктор биологических наук, академик РАН, директор Томского НИМЦ</p><p>634050, Томская область, г. Томск, Набережная реки Ушайки, 10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vadim A. Stepanov – Cand. Sc. (Biol.), member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Director</p><p>Ushayki River Embankment, 10, Tomsk region, Tomsk 634050</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">genetics@tnimc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт медицинской генетики Томского национального исследовательского медицинского центра, Российская академия наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Областной перинатальный центр им. И.Д. Евтушенко</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Regional Perinatal Center named after I.D. Evtushenko</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>46</fpage><lpage>55</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гавриленко М.М., Трифонова Е.А., Бабовская A.А., Сваровская М.Г., Ижойкина Е.В., Степанов В.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гавриленко М.М., Трифонова Е.А., Бабовская A.А., Сваровская М.Г., Ижойкина Е.В., Степанов В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gavrilenko M.M., Trifonova E.A., Babovskaya A.A., Swarovskaya M.G., Izhoykina E.V., Stepanov V.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/5735">https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/5735</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Обоснование</title><p>Обоснование. Задержка роста плода остаётся одной из значимых патологий беременности, ассоциированной с высокой перинатальной и постнатальной заболеваемостью. Несмотря на прогресс в изучении молекулярных механизмов развития патологии, роль альтернативного сплайсинга ключевых плацентарных генов, в частности FLT1, кодирующего рецептор фактора роста эндотелия сосудов-1 (VEGFR-1), изучена недостаточно. Это ограничивает понимание связи между ангиогенезом и нарушениями развития плаценты при задержке роста плода.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Оценить роль альтернативного сплайсинга гена FLT1, экспрессируемого в децидуальных клетках плаценты, в молекулярных механизмах задержки роста плода.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. В исследование включены биоптаты материнской части плаценты пациенток с физиологической беременностью (n = 8) и задержкой роста плода (n = 13). Проведено секвенирование РНК на платформе Illumina NextSeq 2000. Анализ альтернативного сплайсинга выполнен с использованием пакета MAJIQ.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Впервые проведён анализ альтернативного сплайсинга гена FLT1 в децидуальных клетках плаценты при задержке роста плода. Общими для физиологической беременности и задержки роста плода являются четыре события альтернативного сплайсинга, включающие пропуск экзона, удержание интрона и два события, образующих комплекс. Кроме того, только при задержке роста плода выявлены одно комплексное событие и три события удержания интрона, отсутствующие при физиологической беременности. Суммарно, эти изменения отражают активацию механизмов, приводящих к формированию укороченных изоформ рецептора VEGFR-1, которые действуют как антиангиогенные «ловушки» и впоследствии приводят к снижению маточно-плацентарного кровотока и развитию задержки роста плода. Заключение. Альтернативный сплайсинг гена FLT1 играет важную роль в патогенезе задержки роста плода. Избыточное удержание интронов и пропуск экзонов ведут к повышенной экспрессии укороченных антиангиогенных белков, нарушая баланс ангиогенеза и способствуя плацентарной дисфункции.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a major pregnancy complication often associated with placental dysfunction and angiogenic imbalance. The FLT1 gene encodes VEGFR-1, producing both membrane receptors and soluble isoforms (sFlt-1) through alternative splicing. Soluble variants sequester VEGF/PlGF and suppress angiogenesis. While the role of sFlt-1 in preeclampsia is widely studied, its splicing regulation and contribution to FGR remain unclear.</p></sec><sec><title>The aim</title><p>The aim. To evaluate the alternative splicing role of the FLT1 gene expressed in placental decidual cells in the molecular mechanisms of fetal growth retardation.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The study included biopsies of the placenta maternal part of patients with physiological pregnancy (n = 8) and FGR (n = 13). RNA sequencing was performed on the Illumina NextSeq 2000 platform. Alternative splicing events were identified and quantified using the MAJIQ program.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. This work provides the first analysis of FLT1 gene alternative splicing in decidual cells during FGR. Four splicing events were shared across both groups, including exon skipping, intron retention, and a complex event with two sub-events. The FGR group additionally demonstrated a unique complex event and three intron retentions absent in controls. These changes indicate a shift toward enhanced production of soluble VEGFR-1 isoforms, which act as antiangiogenic “traps”, reduce uteroplacental blood flow, and contribute to growth restriction.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. Alternative splicing of the FLT1 gene plays an important role in the FGR pathogenesis. Excessive intron retention and exon skipping lead to increased expression of shortened antiangiogenic proteins, disrupting the balance of angiogenesis and contributing to placental dysfunction.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>задержка роста плода</kwd><kwd>плацента</kwd><kwd>децидуальные клетки</kwd><kwd>FLT1</kwd><kwd>альтернативный сплайсинг</kwd><kwd>VEGFR-1</kwd><kwd>sFlt-1</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>fetal growth retardation</kwd><kwd>placenta</kwd><kwd>decidual cells</kwd><kwd>FLT1</kwd><kwd>alternative splicing</kwd><kwd>VEGFR-1</kwd><kwd>sFlt-1</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет средств государственного задания по теме ФНИ № 122020200083-8.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Посисеева Л.В., Киселева О.Ю., Глик М.В. 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