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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">actabiomedica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Acta Biomedica Scientifica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Acta Biomedica Scientifica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-9420</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9596</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29413/ABS.2025-10.4.5</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">actabiomedica-5552</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ВНУТРЕННИЕ БОЛЕЗНИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INTERNAL DISEASES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние синдрома обструктивного апноэ сна на эффективность когнитивно-моторной тренировки у пациентов с умеренным сосудистым когнитивным расстройством: проспективное сравнительное исследование</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Effect of obstructive sleep apnea on the effectiveness of cognitive-motor training in patients with mild vascular cognitive impairment: a prospective comparative study</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5233-2190</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пунина</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Punina</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пунина Анна Александровна – аспирант кафедры неврологии, физиотерапии и рефлексотерапии факультета дополнительного профессионального образования</p><p>214019, г. Смоленск, ул. Крупской, 28</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna A. Punina – Postgraduate Student at the Department of Neurology, Physiotherapy and Reflexology, Faculty of Continuing Medical Education</p><p>Krupskaya Str., 28, Smolensk 214019</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">apunina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2853-4501</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Грибова</surname><given-names>Н. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gribova</surname><given-names>N. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Грибова Наталья Павловна – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующая кафедрой неврологии, физиотерапии и рефлексотерапии факультета дополнительного профессионального образования </p><p>214019, г. Смоленск, ул. Крупской, 28</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalya P. Gribova – Dr. Sc. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Neurology, Physiotherapy and Reflexology, Faculty of Continuing Medical Education</p><p>Krupskaya Str., 28, Smolensk 214019</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nevrofpk@smolgmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Смоленский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Smolensk State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>48</fpage><lpage>59</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Пунина А.А., Грибова Н.П., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пунина А.А., Грибова Н.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Punina A.A., Gribova N.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/5552">https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/5552</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Обоснование</title><p>Обоснование. Восстановление когнитивных функций при сосудистых когнитивных расстройствах (СКР) остаётся сложной задачей, особенно в условиях коморбидности. Одним из недооценённых факторов, ограничивающих эффективность когнитивной реабилитации, является синдром обструктивного апноэ сна (СОАС). Когнитивно-моторные тренировки (КМТ) рассматриваются как перспективное немедикаментозное вмешательство, однако их результативность при сочетании СКР и СОАС изучена недостаточно.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Сравнить динамику когнитивного функционирования у пациентов с умеренным СКР в зависимости от наличия средней/тяжелой степени СОАС после прохождения месячного курса тренировки письма недоминантной рукой.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. Проведено проспективное, нерандомизированное сравнительное интервенционное исследование, продолжительность: май 2024 – февраль 2025 года. Включены 34 пациента с умеренным СКР (50–74 лет), разделённые на две группы по наличию средней/тяжелой степени СОАС (AHI ≥ 15 соб./ч). Проведена интервенция: КМТ (письмо недоминантной рукой), продолжительностью 4 недели (14 дней в условиях стационара, 14 дней — амбулаторно). Производилась оценка когнитивного статуса до и после КМТ между группами по шкалам MoCA, FAB, FCSRT-IR, TMT, Stroop и SDMT.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Основная группа – 16 человек с умеренным СКР и AHI ≥ 15 соб./ч, контрольная – 18 пациентов с умеренным СКР и AHI &lt; 15 соб./ч. Группы были сопоставимы по полу, возрасту и сопутствующим заболеваниям (p &gt; 0,05). В обеих группах после КМТ отмечено улучшение когнитивных показателей, однако в контрольной группе изменения были более выраженными. При межгрупповом сравнении дельта-показателей выявлены различия по шкалам Stroop 3 (p &lt; 0,001; d = -1,18), TMT-B (p = 0,004; d = 1,08), SDMT (p = 0,160; d = -0,50) и FCSRT-IR, FR (p &lt; 0,001; d = -1,54). Нежелательных явлений не зафиксировано.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Наличие СОАС средней/тяжёлой степени снижает эффективность КМТ (письма недоминантной рукой) у пациентов с умеренным СКР. Полученные данные подчёркивают необходимость учёта ночных дыхательных нарушений при осуществлении когнитивной реабилитации.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Cognitive rehabilitation in patients with vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) remains challenging, particularly in the presence of comorbid conditions. obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is one of underestimated factor potentially limiting the effectiveness of cognitive interventions. Cognitive-motor training (CMT), including nondominant hand writing, is considered a promising non-pharmacological intervention; however, its efficacy in patients with combined VCI and OSAS has not been adequately studied.</p></sec><sec><title>The aim</title><p>The aim. To compare cognitive performance dynamics in patients with moderate VCI depending on the presence of moderate to severe OSAS after a one-month course of nondominant hand writing training.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. A prospective non-randomized comparative interventional study was conducted from May 2024 to February 2025. The study included 34 patients aged 50–74 years with moderate VCI, divided into two groups based on the presence of moderate/ severe OSAS (AHI ≥ 15 events/hour). The intervention consisted of a 4-week CMT course (14 days inpatient, 14 days home-based). Cognitive performance was assessed before and after the intervention using the MoCA, FAB, FCSRT-IR, TMT, Stroop, and SDMT scales.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The study group included 16 patients with AHI ≥ 15 events/hour; the control group consisted of 18 patients with AHI &lt; 15. The groups were comparable in age, sex, and comorbidities (p &gt; 0,05). Both groups showed cognitive improvement post-intervention, but changes were more pronounced in the control group. Between-group comparisons of change scores revealed significant differences in Stroop 3 (p &lt; 0,001; d = -1,18), TMT-B (p = 0,004; d = 1,08), SDMT (p = 0,160; d = -0,50), and FCSRT-IR FR (p &lt; 0.001; d = -1,54). No adverse events were observed.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The presence of moderate to severe OSAS reduces the effectiveness of nondominant hand writing training in patients with moderate VCI. These findings highlight the importance of accounting for sleep-disordered breathing when planning cognitive rehabilitation strategies.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>когнитивно-моторная тренировка</kwd><kwd>письмо недоминантной рукой</kwd><kwd>синдром обструктивного апноэ сна</kwd><kwd>сосудистые когнитивные расстройства</kwd><kwd>умеренные когнитивные нарушения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cognitive-motor training</kwd><kwd>handwriting with nondominant hand</kwd><kwd>obstructive sleep apnea</kwd><kwd>vascular cognitive impairment</kwd><kwd>mild cognitive impairment</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jiménez-Ruiz A, Aguilar-Fuentes V, Becerra-Aguiar NN, Roque-Sanchez I, Ruiz-Sandoval JL. Vascular cognitive impairment and dementia: a narrative review. 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