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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">actabiomedica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Acta Biomedica Scientifica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Acta Biomedica Scientifica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-9420</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9596</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29413/ABS.2018-3.1.5</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">actabiomedica-534</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИНФЕКЦИОННЫЕ БОЛЕЗНИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INFECTIOUS DISEASES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Современные стратегии диагностики и лечения Clostridium difficile-инфекции (обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Current strategies for diagnosis and treatment of Clostridium difficile-infection (literature review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Николаева</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikolaeva</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">Irinanicolaeva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шестакова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shestakova</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">prof.shestakova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Муртазина</surname><given-names>Г. Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Murtazina</surname><given-names>G. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">murtaza07@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Казанский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава РФ</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет имени А.И. Евдокимова» Минздрава РФ</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry named after A.I. Yevdokimov</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>02</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>3</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>34</fpage><lpage>42</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Николаева И.В., Шестакова И.В., Муртазина Г.Х., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Николаева И.В., Шестакова И.В., Муртазина Г.Х.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nikolaeva I.V., Shestakova I.V., Murtazina G.K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/534">https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/534</self-uri><abstract><p>Частота и смертность от Clostridium difficile-инфекции (КДИ) за последние 10-20 лет значительно возросла. КДИ является ведущей причиной антибиотик-ассоциированной диареи и инфекций, связанных с оказанием медицинской помощи. Данные литературы свидетельствуют также о росте числа внебольничных случаев КДИ, в т. ч. у пациентов без традиционных факторов риска развития КДИ. Рост числа случаев КДИ может быть связан с частым использованием антибиотиков и распространением гипервирулентного штамма Clostridium difficile (NAP1 / BI / ribotype 027), который более устойчив к антибиотикам и способен к гиперпродукции токсинов А и В, а также продукции бинарного токсина. Клинические проявления КДИ варьируют от бессимптомной колонизации до развития псевдомембранозного колита, осложнённого токсическим мегаколоном, перфорацией кишечника, сепсисом, септическим шоком с полиорганной недостаточностью. Рецидивы заболевания развиваются у 20-30 % пациентов с КДИ. Ранняя хирургическая консультация должна быть рассмотрена у всех пациентов с тяжёлым или фульминантным КДИ. Оптимальным методом диагностики КДИ является тестирование стула на наличие антигена глутаматдегидрогеназы и токсинов A и B C. difficile с использованием ферментного иммуноанализа (EIA). Эндоскопическая диагностика псевдомембранозного колита достаточна для верификации диагноза Clostridium difficile-инфекции, однако должна проводиться только при наличии высокого клинического подозрения на КДИ с отрицательным лабораторным тестом или необходимости проведения дифференциального диагноза с другими заболеваниями толстой кишки. Метронидазол и ванкомицин являются препаратами выбора в лечении КДИ. Новые подходы к терапии КДИ включают использование фидаксомицина, моноклональных антител и трансплантацию фекальной микробиоты.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The incidence and mortality rate of C. difficile infection (CDI) has increased remarkably over the last 10-20 years. CDI is a leading cause of healthcare-associated infections and antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. Increasing incidence and severity of CDI may be related with frequent antibiotic use and the emergence of a hypervirulent C. difficile strain. The epidemic strain NAP1 / BI / ribotype 027 is more resistant to antibiotics and produces more toxins and causes outbreaks around the world with increasing mortality and severity. Recent reports have documented that C. difficile infections occur among patients without traditional risk factors and the incidence of community-acquired CDI has increased. The clinical presentation of CDI ranging from the asymptomatic carrier to pseudomembranous colitis and toxic megacolon. The rate of recurrent CDI is 20-30 %. Early surgical consultation should be considered in all patients with severe or fulminant CDI. The preferred method for diagnosis CDI is stool testing using enzyme immunoassay (EIA) screening to look for glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) antigen and toxins A and B. Metronidazole and vancomycin are recommended antibiotics for the treatment of CDI. Novel approaches include fidaxomicin therapy, monoclonal antibodies, and fecal microbiota transplantation. Fecal microbiota transplantation has shown relevant efficacy to overcome C. difficile infection and reduce it.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>антибиотик-ассоциированная диарея</kwd><kwd>псевдомембранозный колит</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Clostridium difficile</kwd><kwd>Clostridium difficile</kwd><kwd>antibiotic-associated diarrhea</kwd><kwd>pseudomembranous colitis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алексеечкина О.А., Дубров Э.Я., Владимирова Е.С., Пинчук Т.П., Титова Г.П. 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