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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">actabiomedica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Acta Biomedica Scientifica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Acta Biomedica Scientifica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-9420</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9596</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29413/ABS.2025-10.2.18</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">actabiomedica-5314</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПСИХОЛОГИЯ И ПСИХИАТРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Развитие кинестетической и пространственной основы движений в городской и сельской популяции детей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Development of kinesthetic and spatial basis of movement in urban and rural populations</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6243-9391</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поляков</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polyakov</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Поляков Владимир Матвеевич – доктор биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории психонейросоматической патологии детского возраста</p><p>664003, г. Иркутск, ул. Тимирязева, 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir M. Polyakov – Dr. Sc. (Biol.), Leading Research Officer at the Laboratory of Psychoneurosomatic Children’s Pathology</p><p>Timiryazev str., 16, Irkutsk 664003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vmpolyakov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0117-2563</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рычкова</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rychkova</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рычкова Любовь Владимировна – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, член-корреспондент РАН, директор </p><p>664003, г. Иркутск, ул. Тимирязева, 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lyubov V. Rychkova – Dr. Sc. (Med.), professor, Corresponding Member of the RAS, Director</p><p>Timiryazev str., 16, Irkutsk 664003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">iphr@sbamsr.irk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8236-1747</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Прохорова</surname><given-names>Ж. B.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Prokhorova</surname><given-names>Zh. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Прохорова Жанна Владимировна – кандидат биологических наук, заведующий лабораторией психонейросоматической патологии детского возраста</p><p>664003, г. Иркутск, ул. Тимирязева, 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zhanna V. Prokhorova – Cand. Sc. (Med.), Head of Laboratory of Psychoneurosomatic Children’s Pathology</p><p>Timiryazev str., 16, Irkutsk 664003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">proxorowa.janna2011@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0361-2868</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вотинева</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Votineva</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вотинева Анастасия Сергеевна – младший научный сотрудник лаборатории психонейросоматической патологии детского возраста</p><p>664003, г. Иркутск, ул. Тимирязева, 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasiya S. Votineva – Junior Research Officer at the Laboratory of Psychoneurosomatic Children’s Pathology</p><p>Timiryazev str., 16, Irkutsk 664003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">votinevaas@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5328-8525</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черевикова</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Cherevikova</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Черевикова Ирина Александровна – младший научный сотрудник лаборатории психонейросоматической патологии детского возраста</p><p>664003, г. Иркутск, ул. Тимирязева, 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina A. Cherevikova – Junior Research Officer at the Laboratory of Psychoneurosomatic Children’s Pathology</p><p>Timiryazev str., 16, Irkutsk 664003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gothic.craze@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научный центр проблем здоровья, семьи и репродукции человека»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific Сentre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>180</fpage><lpage>190</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Поляков В.М., Рычкова Л.В., Прохорова Ж.B., Вотинева А.С., Черевикова И.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Поляков В.М., Рычкова Л.В., Прохорова Ж.B., Вотинева А.С., Черевикова И.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Polyakov V.M., Rychkova L.V., Prokhorova Z.V., Votineva A.S., Cherevikova I.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/5314">https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/5314</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Сенсомоторная система ребенка рассматривается в настоящее время как динамическая самоорганизующаяся система, формируемая под воздействием как внешних, так и внутренних факторов. Это открывает широкие возможности для исследования особенностей развития в детском возрасте различных составляющих двигательной функции в разных условиях среды. В структуре произвольного движения большой интерес представляют кинестетический и пространственный факторы и их роль в формировании движений и действий в онтогенезе, в зависимости от популяционной принадлежности ребенка и влияния окружающей среды. В последние годы накапливается материал, свидетельствующий о различиях в когнитивном развитии некоторых особенностях мозговой организации у городских и сельских детей. </p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Изучение особенностей развития кинестетического и пространственного праксиса в городской и сельской популяции детей.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Обследовано1362 городских и 891 сельских детей в возрасте 4–10 лет, из них 1045 мальчиков и 1208 девочек. Состояние двигательной функции изучалось в рамках комплексного скринингового нейропсихологического обследования. Применялись стандартные процедуры использования проб на кинестетическую и пространственную организацию движений: пробы на праксис позы пальцев и проба Хэда.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Выявленыособенностиразвитиякинестетическихипространственных факторов организации движений в популяциях городских и сельских детей. При этом преимущество в развитии кинестетических и пространственных компонентов двигательной функции выявлено у сельских детей, где их формирование отличалось большей стабильностью и интенсивностью, чем в городской популяции.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Активный процесс формирования кинестетической и пространственной организации движений в рамках изучаемого возрастного периода заканчивался раньше в сельской популяции, чем в популяции городских детей.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The child’s sensorimotor system is currently considered as a dynamic self-organizing system formed under the influence of both external and internal factors. This opens up broad opportunities for studying the developmental features of various components of motor function in childhood under different environmental conditions. In the structure of voluntary movement, the kinesthetic and spatial factors and their role in the formation of movements and actions in ontogenesis are of great interest, depending on the child’s population and the influence of the environment. In recent years, material has been accumulated indicating differences in the cognitive development of some features of the brain organization in urban and rural children.</p></sec><sec><title>The aim</title><p>The aim. To study the development features of kinesthetic and spatial praxis in urban and rural populations of children.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The study included 1362 urban and 891 rural children aged 4–10 years were examined, including 1045 boys and 1208 girls. The state of motor function was studied as part of a comprehensive screening neuropsychological examination. Standard procedures for using tests for kinesthetic and spatial organization of movements were used: Finger Position Test and Head’sTest.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The features of development of kinesthetic and spatial factors of movement organization in populations of urban and rural children were revealed. At the same time, an advantage in development of kinesthetic and spatial components of motor function was revealed in rural children, where their formation was distinguished by greater stability and intensity than in the urban population.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The active process of formation of kinesthetic and spatial organization of movements within the studied age period ended earlier in the rural population than in the population of urban children.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>двигательная функция</kwd><kwd>кинестетический и пространственный факторы</kwd><kwd>популяция</kwd><kwd>среда</kwd><kwd>городские и сельские дети</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>motor function</kwd><kwd>kinaesthetic and spatial factors</kwd><kwd>population</kwd><kwd>environment</kwd><kwd>urban and rural children</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в рамках гос. темы. № 121022500178-3 «Ключевые закономерности и механизмы формирования нарушений здоровья детей и подростков как основа персонализированного подхода к диагностике, лечению и профилактике в современной педиатрии».</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Deco G, Perl YS, Ponce-Alvarez A, Tagliazucchi E, Whybrow PC, Fuster JM, et al. 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