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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">actabiomedica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Acta Biomedica Scientifica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Acta Biomedica Scientifica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-9420</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9596</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29413/ABS.2025-10.2.3</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">actabiomedica-5298</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДИСКУССИОННЫЕ СТАТЬИ, ЛЕКЦИИ, НОВЫЕ ТРЕНДЫ МЕДИЦИНСКОЙ НАУКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DISCUSSION PAPERS, LECTURES, NEW TRENDS IN MEDICAL SCIENCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Гетеродимеры Толл-подобных рецепторов (TLR) в патогенезе системного воспаления (Обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Heterodimers of Toll-like receptors (TLR) in the pathogenesis of systemic inflammation (Review article)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0787-7679</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Прохоренко</surname><given-names>И. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Prokhorenko</surname><given-names>I. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Прохоренко Изабелла Рувимовна – доктор биологических наук, главный научный сотрудник </p><p>142290, Московская область, г. Пущино, ул. Институтская, д.1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Isabella R. Prokhorenko – Dr. Sc. (Bio.)</p><p>Institutskaya str., 1, Moscow region, Pushchino, 142290 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">isabella03@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6541-9887</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Косякова</surname><given-names>Н. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kosyakova</surname><given-names>N. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Косякова Нинель Ивановна – доктор медицинских наук, заместитель главного врача по науке, заведующая отделением аллергологии и иммунологии </p><p>142290, Московская область, г. Пущино, ул. Институтская, д.1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ninel I. Kosyakova – Dr. Sc. (Med)</p><p>Institutskaya str., 1, Moscow region, Pushchino, 142290 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nelia_kosiakova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4280-3920</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Грачев</surname><given-names>С. B.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grachev</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Грачёв Сергей Витальевич – академик РАН, доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры Патологической физиологии</p><p>119991, Москва, ГСП-1, ул. Трубецкая, д.8, стр.2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey V. Grachev – Dr. Sc. (Med), Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences</p><p>Trubetskaya str., 8, p. 2, Moscow, GSP-1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rachevscience@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Больница Пущинского научного центра РАН</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The Hospital of the Pushchinsky Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>24</fpage><lpage>32</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Прохоренко И.Р., Косякова Н.И., Грачев С.B., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Прохоренко И.Р., Косякова Н.И., Грачев С.B.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Prokhorenko I.R., Kosyakova N.I., Grachev S.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/5298">https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/5298</self-uri><abstract><p>За последние десятилетия фундаментальные открытия в биологии и медицине позволили по-новому взглянуть на основные патофизиологические механизмы формирования системного воспаления при многих патологических состояниях, как инфекционной, так и не инфекционной этиологии. Семейство TLRs действует как мостик, связывающий врождённый и приобретённый иммунитеты, опосредуют начальные реакции врожденного иммунитета и необходимы для развития адаптивного иммунного ответа.</p><sec><title>Цель обзора</title><p>Цель обзора. Привлечь внимание специалистов к роли гетеродимеров TLR в развитии воспаления и показать, что они могут стать новыми мишенями в разработке лекарственных препаратов.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. При написании обзора была проанализирована отечественная и зарубежная литература в системах Google, PubMed и eLIBRARY (1998-2024 гг.).</p><p>Результаты и их обсуждение. TLRs распознают своими внеклеточными лейцин-богатыми повторяющимися доменами (LRR) широкий спектр различных родственных лигандов, запуская передачу сигнала внутрь клетки-мишени через последовательную активацию цитоплазматических адапторных молекул, киназ и ядерного фактора транскрипции. Представлены литературные данные по гетеродимерам TLRs, в состав которых входят TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR6 и TLR10. Формирование и состав гетеродимеров определяются структурой патогена. Функционально гетеродимеры обеспечивают оптимальный ответ клетки, в том числе синтез эффекторных молекул: прои противовоспалительных цитокинов, хемокинов, воспалительных медиаторов. В связывании гетеродимеров TLR со специфическим лигандом участвуют ко-рецепторы, в частности CD14 / CD36.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Анализ литературных данных показал важную роль гетеродимеров TLR и активируемых ими сигнальных путей в патогенезе многих заболеваний. Понимание этих молекулярных механизмов могло бы способствовать разработке более эффективной стратегии лечения. Особый интерес представляет создание новых таргетных лекарственных препаратов, воздействующих на систему Toll-рецепторов, что является новым направлением в лечении аллергии, аутоиммунной патологии, хронического воспаления.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In recent decades, fundamental discoveries in biology and medicine have allowed for a new look at the main pathophysiological mechanisms of systemic inflammation formation in many pathological conditions, both infectious and non-infectious etiology. The TLRs family acts as a bridge linking innate and acquired immunity, mediates the initial innate immune responses, and is necessary for the development of an adaptive immune response.</p><sec><title>The aim</title><p>The aim. To draw the attention of specialists to the role of TLR heterodimers in the development of infl           and to show that it can become new targets in drug development. </p></sec><sec><title>Materialsandmethods</title><p>Materialsandmethods. Writingthereview, domesticandforeignliteratureofthe Google, PubMed and eLibrary systems (1998-2024) was analyzed.</p><p>The results and discussion. TLRs recognize a wide range of different related ligands with their extracellular leucine-rich repeating domains (LRRs), triggering signal transmission inside the target cell through sequential activation of cytoplasmic adapter molecules, kinases, and nuclear transcription factor. The literature data on TLRs heterodimers, which include TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR6, and TLR10, are presented. The formation and composition of heterodimers are determined by the structure of the pathogen. Functionally, heterodimers provide an optimal cell response, including the synthesis of effector molecules: proand anti-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and inflammatory mediators. Co-receptors, in particular CD14 / CD36, are involved in binding TLR heterodimers to a specific ligand.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. An analysis of the literature data had shown the important role of TLR heterodimers and the signaling pathways activated by them in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Understanding these molecular mechanisms could contribute to the development of a more effective treatment strategy. Of particular interest is the creation of new targeted drugs that affect the Toll-receptor system, which is a new direction in the treatment of allergies, autoimmune pathology, and chronic inflammation.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хроническое системное воспаление</kwd><kwd>строение TLR</kwd><kwd>гетеродимеры Tолл-рецепторов</kwd><kwd>ко-рецепторы CD14</kwd><kwd>CD36</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>CSI</kwd><kwd>TLR</kwd><kwd>heterodimers of Тoll-like receptors</kwd><kwd>CD14</kwd><kwd>CD36 co-receptors</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в рамках Государственного задания 2020-2024 гг., номер темы 0576-2020-0002.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кобякова О.С., Деев И.А., Куликов Е.С., Старовойтова Е.А., Малых Р.Д., Балаганская М.А. и др. 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