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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">actabiomedica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Acta Biomedica Scientifica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Acta Biomedica Scientifica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-9420</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9596</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29413/ABS.2025-10.1.26</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">actabiomedica-5239</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCHES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Структурные и  молекулярные изменения в  эпицентре повреждения и  в  отдалённых сегментах спинного мозга крысы на фоне реабилитационной двигательной нагрузки</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Structural and molecular changes in the epicenter of injury and distant segments of the rat spinal cord in response to rehabilitative motor training</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0770-7167</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сабиров</surname><given-names>Д. Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sabirov</surname><given-names>D. Kh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сабиров Давран Худайшукурович – младший научный сотрудник НИЛ «Генные и  клеточные технологии», </p><p>420008, г. Казань, ул. Кремлевская, 18</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Davran Kh. Sabirov – Junior Research Officer at the Laboratory of Gene and Cell Technologies,</p><p>Kremlevskaya str. 18, Kazan 420008</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">davraniwe@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3384-1450</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Агеева</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ageeva</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Агеева Татьяна Вячеславовна – кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник НИЛ «Генные и клеточные технологии», </p><p>420008, г. Казань, ул. Кремлевская, 18</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana V. Ageeva – Cand. Sc. (Biol.), Senior Research Officer at the Laboratory of Gene and Cell Technologies,</p><p>Kremlevskaya str. 18, Kazan 420008</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">t.povysheva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3393-6775</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тимофеева</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Timofeeva</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тимофеева Анна Викторовна – младший научный сотрудник НИЛ «Генные и  клеточные технологии», </p><p>420008, г. Казань, ул. Кремлевская, 18</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna V. Timofeeva – Junior Research Officer at the Laboratory of Gene and Cell Technologies, </p><p>Kremlevskaya str. 18, Kazan 420008</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anua_tima@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4041-2435</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Плотникова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Plotnikova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Плотникова Елизавета Александровна – младший научный сотрудник НИЛ «Генные и клеточные технологии, </p><p>420008, г. Казань, ул. Кремлевская, 18</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elizaveta A. Plotnikova – Junior Research Officer at  the  Laboratory of  Gene and  Cell Technologies, </p><p>Kremlevskaya str. 18, Kazan 420008</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">liza.plotnikova0@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4082-515X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Архипова</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Arkhipova</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Архипова Светлана Сергеевна – кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник НИЛ «Генные и клеточные технологии», </p><p>420008, г. Казань, ул. Кремлевская, 18</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana S. Arkhipova – Cand. Sc. (Biol.), Senior Research Officer at the Laboratory of Gene and Cell Technologies,</p><p>Kremlevskaya str. 18, Kazan 420008</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">svetlanaarkhipva@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8784-3200</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Давлетшин</surname><given-names>Э. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Davletshin</surname><given-names>E. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Давлетшин Эльдар Фанилевич – младший научный сотрудник НИЛ «Генные и  клеточные технологии», </p><p>420008, г. Казань, ул. Кремлевская, 18</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Eldar F. Davletshin – Junior Research Officer at the Laboratory of Gene and Cell Technologies, </p><p>Kremlevskaya str. 18, Kazan 420008</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">eldar.davletschin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9435-340X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мухамедшина</surname><given-names>Я. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mukhamedshina</surname><given-names>Ya. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мухамедшина Яна Олеговна – доктор медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник НИЛ «Генные и клеточные технологии», 420008, г. Казань, ул. Кремлевская, 18;</p><p>доцент кафедры гистологии, цитологии и  эмбриологии, 420012, г. Казань, ул. Бутлерова, 49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yana O. Mukhamedshina – Dr. Sc. (Med.), Leading Research Officer at the Laboratory of Gene and Cell Technologies, Kremlevskaya str. 18, Kazan 420008;</p><p>Associate Professor at the Department of Histology, Cytology, and Embryology, Butlerova str. 1, Kazan 420012</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yana.k-z-n@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет»;&#13;
ФГБОУ ВО «Казанский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава&#13;
России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University;&#13;
Kazan State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>248</fpage><lpage>259</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сабиров Д.Х., Агеева Т.В., Тимофеева А.В., Плотникова Е.А., Архипова С.С., Давлетшин Э.Ф., Мухамедшина Я.О., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сабиров Д.Х., Агеева Т.В., Тимофеева А.В., Плотникова Е.А., Архипова С.С., Давлетшин Э.Ф., Мухамедшина Я.О.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sabirov D.K., Ageeva T.V., Timofeeva A.V., Plotnikova E.A., Arkhipova S.S., Davletshin E.F., Mukhamedshina Y.O.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/5239">https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/5239</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Обоснование</title><p>Обоснование. Травма спинного мозга (ТСМ) приводит к полной или частичной потере чувствительных и/или  двигательных функций ниже уровня повреждения вследствие гибели нейронов и нейроглии, дегенерации аксонов и нарушению гемато-спинномозгового барьера (ГСМБ). Двигательная реабилитация является перспективной стратегией для восстановления после ТСМ, но её молекулярные и клеточные механизмы малоизучены, особенно вдали от  эпицентра повреждения в  области центрального генератора паттерна.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель работы</title><p>Цель работы. Оценить структурные и молекулярные изменения, происходящие в областях, приближенных (Th9) и отдалённых (L2) от эпицентра (Th8) травмы спинного мозга крысы, на фоне реабилитационной двигательной нагрузки.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. В исследовании моделировали ТСМ крысы на уровне Th8. Животные были разделены на контрольную группу (ТСМ) и группу, подвергавшуюся реабилитационной двигательной нагрузке (ТСМ + ДРеаб). Оценка структурных и  молекулярных изменений проводилась в  грудном (Th9) и  поясничном (L2) отделах. Количество сохранных миелиновых волокон оценивали с помощью гистологического окрашивания метиленовым синим, степень повреждения ГСМБ – по  эпифлуоресценции красителя Эванса. Для  анализа экспрессии матричной РНК (мРНК) генов, кодирующих синтез белков перисинаптических отростков астроцитов, использовали количественную полимеразную цепную реакцию.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В  поясничном отделе (L2) при  реабилитации наблюдалось большее количество миелиновых волокон в  кортикоспинальном тракте по  сравнению с  контрольной группой. Выявлена сильная отрицательная корреляция (r = –0,761) между эпифлуоресценцией красителя Эванса и площадью сохранной ткани в области Th7–Th9 у реабилитированных животных, однако эта  связь не  является статистически значимой. Молекулярный анализ показал, что реабилитация не влияет на поляризацию астроцитов в нейротоксический фенотип и изменения перисинаптических отростков как в приближенных, так и в удалённых областях.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Двигательная реабилитация способствует сохранению миелиновых волокон в  поясничном отделе и  уменьшению повреждения ГСМБ в области, приближенной к ТСМ. Однако проводимая реабилитация не влияет на поляризацию астроцитов и изменения экспрессии мРНК генов, кодирующих синтез белков перисинаптических отростков астроцитов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to partial or complete loss of sensory and/or  motor functions below the injury site due to neuron and glial cell death, axonal degeneration, and disruption of the blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB). Motor rehabilitation presents a promising strategy for recovery after SCI, but its molecular and cellular mechanisms remain poorly understood, particularly in regions distant from the injury epicenter within the central pattern generator.</p></sec><sec><title>The  aim of  the  study</title><p>The  aim of  the  study. To assess structural and molecular changes occurring in regions proximal (Th9) and distal (L2) to the epicenter of SCI in rats (Th8) during rehabilitation motor load.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. SCI was induced in rats at the Th8 level. Animals were divided into a control group (SCI) and a group subjected to motor rehabilitation (SCI + Rehab). Structural and molecular changes were evaluated in the thoracic (Th9) and lumbar (L2) regions. The number of preserved myelinated fibers was assessed using methylene blue staining, and BSCB disruption was evaluated through the epifluorescence of Evans blue dye. Quantitative PCR was used to analyze the mRNA expression of genes encoding proteins specific to perisynaptic astrocytic processes.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In the lumbar region (L2), motor rehabilitation led to a greater number of myelinated fibers in the corticospinal tract compared to the control group. Astrong negative correlation (r  = –0.761) was observed between Evans blue fluorescence and the area of preserved tissue in the Th7–Th9 region in rehabilitated animals; however, this relationship is not statistically significant. Molecular analysis revealed that rehabilitation did not affect astrocyte polarization into aneurotoxic phenotype or the alteration of perisynaptic processes in both proximal and distal regions.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Motor rehabilitation promotes the preservation of myelinated fibers in the lumbar region and reduces BSCB damage in the area proximal to the SCI. However, rehabilitation does not affect astrocyte polarization or the expression of mRNA genes encoding proteins characteristic of perisynaptic astrocyte processes.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>травма спинного мозга</kwd><kwd>двигательный тренинг</kwd><kwd>сегменты Th9 и L2</kwd><kwd>гемато-спинномозговой барьер</kwd><kwd>миелиновые волокна</kwd><kwd>перисинаптические отростки астроцитов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>spinal cord injury</kwd><kwd>motor training</kwd><kwd>Th9 and L2 segments</kwd><kwd>blood-spinal cord barrier</kwd><kwd>myelinated fibers</kwd><kwd>perisynaptic astrocyte processes</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при  финансовой поддержке Российского научного фонда (проект №  23-75-10041; https://rscf.ru/project/23-75-10041/).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chelyshev Yu. 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