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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">actabiomedica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Acta Biomedica Scientifica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Acta Biomedica Scientifica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-9420</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9596</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29413/ABS.2025-10.1.13</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">actabiomedica-5222</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МОРФОЛОГИЯ, ФИЗИОЛОГИЯ И ПАТОФИЗИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MORPHOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние ингибитора кислой сфингомиелиназы на  окислительный стресс, конечные продукты гликирования и миозиновый фенотип камбаловидной мышцы крыс в условиях функциональной разгрузки</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The effect of  acid sphingomyelinase inhibitor on  oxidative stress, advance glycation end products and myosin phenotype of rat soleus muscle under conditions of functional unloading</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4058-8155</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Протопопов</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Protopopov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Протопопов Владимир Алексеевич – аспирант кафедры патологической физиологии и иммунологии, </p><p>426056, г. Ижевск, ул. Коммунаров, 281</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir A. Protopopov – Postgraduate at the Department of Pathological Physiology and Immunology,</p><p>Kommunarov str. 281, Izhevsk 426056</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vladimirvst@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1592-2927</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Секунов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sekunov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Секунов Алексей Васильевич – ассистент кафедры патологической физиологии и иммунологии, </p><p>426056, г. Ижевск, ул. Коммунаров, 281</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey V. Sekunov – Teaching Assistant at the Department of Pathological Physiology and Immunology,</p><p>Kommunarov str. 281, Izhevsk 426056</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alexeisekunov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9031-1781</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мугизов</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mugizov</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мугизов Айдар Маратович – студент, </p><p>426056, г. Ижевск, ул. Коммунаров, 281</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aidar M. Mugizov – Student, </p><p>Kommunarov str. 281, Izhevsk 426056</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aidar5246@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9175-2475</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Свидерский</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Svidersky</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Свидерский Илья Викторович – студент, </p><p>426056, г. Ижевск, ул. Коммунаров, 281</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilya V. Svidersky – Student,</p><p>Kommunarov str. 281, Izhevsk 426056</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">g.cbugr@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4099-4508</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Брындина</surname><given-names>И. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bryndina</surname><given-names>I. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Брындина Ирина Георгиевна – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующая кафедрой патологической физиологии и иммунологии, </p><p>426056, г. Ижевск, ул. Коммунаров, 281</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina G. Bryndina – Dr. Sc. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Pathological Physiology and Immunology, </p><p>Kommunarov str. 281, Izhevsk 426056</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">i_bryndina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Ижевская государственная медицинская академия» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Izhevsk State Medical Academy</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>123</fpage><lpage>135</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Протопопов В.А., Секунов А.В., Мугизов А.М., Свидерский И.В., Брындина И.Г., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Протопопов В.А., Секунов А.В., Мугизов А.М., Свидерский И.В., Брындина И.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Protopopov V.A., Sekunov A.V., Mugizov A.M., Svidersky I.V., Bryndina I.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/5222">https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/5222</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Обоснование</title><p>Обоснование. Функциональная разгрузка постуральных мышц сопровождается трансформацией мышечного фенотипа в  сторону экспрессии «быстрых» изоформ тяжёлых цепей миозина (MyHC, myosin heavy chains), а  также увеличением активности кислой сфингомиелиназы (ASM, acid sphingomyelinase), содержания церамидов, активных форм кислорода (АФК) и конечных продуктов гликирования (КПГ). Однако взаимосвязь сфинголипидных механизмов с регуляцией КПГ-ассоциированных процессов и пластичностью мышц до настоящего времени остаётся неизученной.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Определить взаимосвязь кислой сфингомиелиназы и церамид-ассоциированного увеличения активных форм кислорода с зависимым от конечных продуктов гликирования путём регуляции экспрессии различных изоформ тяжёлых цепей миозина при 7-дневной функциональной разгрузке m. soleus крыс, а также оценить эффективность препарата группы FIASMA в предотвращении изменения мышечного фенотипа.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. Белых крыс-самцов подвергали 7-дневному антиортостатическому вывешиванию (АОВ) с предварительным введением амитриптилина. В полученных m. soleus посредством флуоресцентной микроскопии исследовали уровни ASM, церамида, изоформ MyHC, АФК, NADPH-оксидазы 2 (NOX2, NADPH oxidase 2), MyoD1 (myoblast determination protein 1), КПГ и рецепторов КПГ (RAGE, receptor for advanced glycation end-products). Вестерн-блоттинг использовали для определения NOX2, RAGE и КПГ-модифицированных белков в  гомогенатах тканей. В  модели ex  vivo посредством инкубации мышцы с экзогенными КПГ изучали изменения MyoD1 в миоядрах.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Функциональная разгрузка привела к  уменьшению массы и диаметра m. soleus, трансформации миозинового фенотипа, росту уровней ASM, церамида, АФК, NOX2, КПГ, RAGE и ядерного MyoD. При этом уровни NOX2 и КПГ-модифицированных белков остались без изменений. Применение амитриптилина частично нивелировало потерю массы мышц и уменьшение диаметра мышечных волокон, снижая при этом соотношение «быстрых» волокон к  «медленным». Также применение амитриптилина уменьшало уровни ASM, церамида, АФК, RAGE и MyoD1. Инкубация мышц с экзогенным КПГ приводила к увеличению MyoD1 в области миоядер.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Активация ASM на фоне разгрузки может способствовать MyoD1- ассоциированной трансформации изоформ MyHC посредством увеличения АФК, способствующих стимуляции сигнальных путей RAGE.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Functional unloading of  muscles is  accompanied by  slow-to-fast transformation of muscle myosin phenotype, an increase in acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) activity, ceramide, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and  advanced glycation end products (AGEs). The association of sphingolipids, AGEs-associated processes and muscle plasticity has not been studied.</p></sec><sec><title>The aim</title><p>The aim. To  assess the  relationship of ASM and ceramide-associated increase in ROS to the AGEs-dependent pathway regulating the expression of various myosin heavy chains (MyHC) isoforms during 7-day functional unloading of rat m. soleus, and to evaluate the efficacy of the FIASMA drug in preventing muscle phenotype change.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. White male rats were subjected to  7-day hindlimb suspension (HS) combined with administration of  the  acid sphingomyelinase inhibitor amitriptyline. Fluorescence microscopy was used to  detect the  levels of  ASM, ceramide, MyHC isoforms, ROS, NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2), MyoD1 (myoblast determination protein 1), AGEs and their receptors (RAGE, receptor for advanced glycation endproducts) in the soleus muscle. Western blotting was used for detection of NOX2, RAGE and AGEs-modified proteins in muscle homogenates. The changes in MyoD1 level in myonuclei were studied ex vivo by incubating the muscle with exogenous AGEs.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Unloading led to a decrease in the muscle mass and fiber diameter, transformation of myosin phenotype, an increase in ASM, ceramide, ROS, NOX2, AGEs, RAGE and nuclear MyoD1 content. NOX2 and AGEs-modified proteins did not change. Amitriptyline mitigated the loss of muscle mass and fiber diameter reduction, decreased fast to slow shift. It also decreased ASM, ceramide, ROS, RAGE, and mionuclear MyoD1. Muscle incubation with exogenous AGEs increased in MyoD1 in myonuclei.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. ASM activation during soleus muscle unloading contributes to  the  MyoD1-related slow-to-fast myosin transformation associated with ROS overproduction and RAGE signaling.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>функциональная разгрузка</kwd><kwd>кислая сфингомиелиназа</kwd><kwd>конечные продукты гликирования</kwd><kwd>окислительный стресс</kwd><kwd>мышечный фенотип</kwd><kwd>MyoD</kwd><kwd>амитриптилин</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>functional unloading</kwd><kwd>acid sphingomyelinase</kwd><kwd>advanced glycation end products</kwd><kwd>oxidative stress</kwd><kwd>muscle phenotype</kwd><kwd>MyoD</kwd><kwd>amitriptyline</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке Российского научного фонда (проект № 23-25-00420).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee PHU, Chung M, Ren Z, Mair DB, Kim DH. 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