actabiomedicaActa Biomedica ScientificaActa Biomedica Scientifica2541-94202587-9596Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems10.29413/ABS.2025-10.1.4actabiomedica-5208Research ArticleБИОХИМИЯBIOCHEMISTRYК вопросу о липоксинах как липидных медиаторах разрешения воспаления на примере бронхиальной астмыIn regards to lipoxins as lipid mediators for the resolution of inflammation using the example of asthmahttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5018-0271КытиковаО. Ю.KytikovaO. Yu.

Кытикова Оксана Юрьевна – доктор медицинских наук, научный сотрудник лаборатории восстановительного лечения, 

690105, г. Владивосток, ул. Русская, 73г

Oxana Yu. Kytikova – Dr. Sc. (Med.), Senior Research Officer at the Laboratory of Rehabilitation Treatment, 

Russkaya str. 73G, Vladivostok 690105

kytikova@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6058-201XНовгородцеваТ. П.NovgorodtsevaT. P.

Новгородцева Татьяна Павловна – доктор биологических наук, профессор, заместитель директора по научной работе, главный научный сотрудник лаборатории биомедицинских исследований, 

690105, г. Владивосток, ул. Русская, 73г

Tatyana P. Novgorodtseva – Dr. Sc. (Med.), Professor, Deputy Director for Science, Chief Research Officer at the Laboratory of Biomedical Research, 

Russkaya str. 73G, Vladivostok 690105

nauka@niivl.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7404-7501КоваленкоИ. С.KovalenkoI. S.

Коваленко Иван Сергеевич – аспирант лаборатории биомедицинских исследований, 

690105, г. Владивосток, ул. Русская, 73г

Ivan S. Kovalenko – Postgraduate at the Laboratory of Biomedical Research, 

Russkaya str. 73G, Vladivostok 690105

dr.kovalenko.is@gmail.comВладивостокский филиал ФГБНУ «Дальневосточный научный центр физиологии и патологии дыхания» – Научно-исследовательский институт медицинской климатологии и восстановительного леченияVladivostok Branch of Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration – Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitative Treatment2025150320251013849Copyright © Кытикова О.Ю., Новгородцева Т.П., Коваленко И.С., 20252025Кытикова О.Ю., Новгородцева Т.П., Коваленко И.С.Kytikova O.Y., Novgorodtseva T.P., Kovalenko I.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/5208

Бронхиальная астма (БA) представляет собой важнейшую медико-социальную проблему современности в связи с широкой распространённостью, хроническим течением и  гетерогенностью, определяющими сложность лечения данного заболевания. Хроническое воспаление, характерное для БА, сопровождается развитием дисбаланса между провоспалительными, противовоспалительными и  проразрешающими липидными медиаторами, продуцируемыми омега-3 (ω-3) и  омега-6 (ω-6) полиненасыщенными жирными кислотами. Наибольший исследовательский интерес прикован к  проразрешающим липидным медиаторам, в  частности к  липоксинам. С одной стороны, пути метаболизма и рецепторы липоксинов, такие как N-формилпептидный рецептор 2-го типа и ядерный рецептор ароматических углеводородов, могут стать основой для новых подходов к лечению БА, нацеленных на  процессы разрешения воспаления. С  другой стороны, данные медиаторы образуются в  очень незначительном количестве и являются достаточно нестабильными в сравнении с другими липидными медиаторами разрешения воспаления. Сложности обнаружения липоксинов лимитируют их изучение, а также ставят под вопрос значимость их роли в разрешении воспаления при БА.

Цель обзора. Обобщить современные представления о  роли липидных медиаторов разрешения воспаления – липоксинов – в патогенезе бронхиальной астмы на основании анализа статей, опубликованных на английском языке до 2023 г. в базе данных PubMed.

В  настоящем обзоре обсуждаются противоречивость существующих взглядов на  роль липоксинов в  качестве проразрешающих медиаторов и потенциальные терапевтические преимущества нацеливания на рецепторы липоксинов.

Asthma is the most important medical and social problem of our time due to its widespread prevalence, chronic course and heterogeneity, which determines the complexity of  treating this disease. Chronic inflammation, characteristic of  asthma, is accompanied by the development of an imbalance between pro-inflammatory and pro-resolving lipid mediators produced by omega-3 (ω-3) and omega-6 (ω-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs).

The  aim of  the  study. To  summarize modern ideas about the  role of  lipid mediators of inflammation resolution – lipoxins in the pathogenesis of asthma based on an analysis of articles published in English until 2023 in the PubMed database. These mediators are formed in very small quantities and are quite unstable in comparison with other lipid mediators of inflammation resolution, so the difficulty of their detection limits the study of the role of lipoxins as mediators of inflammation resolution, including in asthma. At the same time, a significant number of works have been published describing the anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving properties of lipoxins. To block the inflammatory response and trigger the processes of its resolution, lipoxins interact with the N-formyl peptide receptor type 2 and the nuclear receptor for aromatic hydrocarbons.

This review discusses the controversy surrounding the role of lipoxins as pro-resolving mediators and the potential therapeutic benefits oftargeting lipoxin receptors.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.