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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">actabiomedica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Acta Biomedica Scientifica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Acta Biomedica Scientifica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-9420</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9596</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29413/ABS.2025-10.1.3</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">actabiomedica-5207</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>БИОЛОГИЯ И МЕДИЦИНСКАЯ БИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>BIOLOGY AND MEDICAL BIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Мезенхимальные стволовые клетки или внеклеточные везикулы в выборе лечения ревматоидного артрита</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Mesenchymal stem cells or extracellular vesicles in the choice of rheumatoid arthritis treatment</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7248-5244</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Такоева</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Takoeva</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Такоева Елена Астановна – кандидат медицинских наук, научный сотрудник лаборатории клеточных технологий, 363110, РСО-Алания, Пригородный район, с. Михайловское, ул. Вильямса, 1;</p><p>старший преподаватель кафедры патологической физиологии, 362019, г. Владикавказ, ул. Пушкинская, 40</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>lena A. Takoeva – Cand. Sc. (Med.), Research Officer at the Laboratory of Cell Technologies,</p><p>Senior Lecturer at the Department of Pathological Physiology, Pushkinskaya str. 40, Vladikavkaz 362019</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elena_takoeva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2326-1348</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кокаев</surname><given-names>Р. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kokaev</surname><given-names>R. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кокаев Ромеш Иванович – кандидат медицинских наук, заведующий лабораторией клеточных технологий, 363110, РСО-Алания, Пригородный район, с. Михайловское, ул. Вильямса, 1;</p><p>доцент кафедры нормальной физиологии, 362019, г. Владикавказ, ул. Пушкинская, 40</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Romesh I. Kokaev – Cand. Sc. (Med.), Head of the Laboratory of Cell Technologies, Vilyamsa str. 1, Mikhailovskoye village 363110, Prigorodnyi district, North Ossetia–Alania;</p><p>Associate Professor at the Department of Normal Physiology, Pushkinskaya str. 40, Vladikavkaz 362019</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">romeshkokaev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7800-8593</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ислаев</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Islaev</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ислаев Алтынбек Азраткулович – младший научный сотрудник отдела клеточных технологий, 363110, РСО-Алания, Пригородный район, с. Михайловское, ул. Вильямса, 1;</p><p>ассистент кафедры нормальной физиологии, 362019, г. Владикавказ, ул. Пушкинская, 40</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Altynbek A. Islaev – Junior Research Officer at the Laboratory of Cell Technologies, Vilyamsa str. 1, Mikhailovskoye village 363110, Prigorodnyi district, North Ossetia–Alania;</p><p>Teaching Assistant at the Department of Normal Physiology, Pushkinskaya str. 40, Vladikavkaz 362019</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">altin_islaev91@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт биомедицинских исследований – филиал ФГБУН ФНЦ «Владикавказский научный центр Российской академии наук»;&#13;
ФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Осетинская государственная медицинская академия» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Biomedical Research – Branch of the Vladikavkaz Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences;&#13;
North Ossetian State Medical Academy</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>25</fpage><lpage>37</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Такоева Е.А., Кокаев Р.И., Ислаев А.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Такоева Е.А., Кокаев Р.И., Ислаев А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Takoeva E.A., Kokaev R.I., Islaev A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/5207">https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/5207</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Обоснование</title><p>Обоснование. Ревматоидный артрит (РА) – это длительное аутоиммунное заболевание, характеризующееся системной иммуновоспалительной реакцией, приводящей к отёку суставов, синовиальной гиперплазии, повреждению хрящей и костной ткани. Эффективного лечения данного заболевания в настоящее время не существует.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель обзора литературы</title><p>Цель обзора литературы. Анализ описанных на сегодняшний день механизмов, лежащих в  основе эффектов мезенхимальных стволовых клеток (МСК) и внеклеточных везикул (ВВ) на патогенетические звенья ревматоидного артрита.</p><p>Материалы и  методы исследования. Проанализированы базы данных PubMed и eLibrary за период 2011–2023 гг. с использованием следующих ключевых слов: ревматоидный артрит; гемопоэтические стволовые клетки; мезенхимальные стволовые клетки; ревматоидный фактор; внеклеточные везикулы; клеточная терапия.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и  обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и  обсуждение. В  обзоре описаны современные аспекты этиологии и  патогенеза ревматоидного артрита, его  потенциальные биомаркеры и известные на сегодняшний день терапевтические стратегии. Изучено влияние МСК на T- и В-лимфоциты, а также на других клеточных участников заболевания в экспериментальных и клинических исследованиях. Обзор расширяет понимание картины механизмов терапевтического воздействия постнатальных прогениторных клеток и  их  внеклеточных везикул в лечении ревматоидного артрита, что в аспекте сравнения открывает преимущества и недостатки каждого метода. Можно сделать вывод о  том, что  МСК и  ВВ являются перспективным направлением в  лечении ревматоидного артрита, однако необходимы дальнейшие исследования взаимодействий молекул, влияющих на звенья патогенеза РА. Также необходимы дополнительные исследования, построенные на патогенетически ранжированном подходе в  терапии заболевания, позволяющем выявить закономерности эффектов каждого метода с  последующей рекомендацией в выборе применения прогенитоных клеток или, преимущественно, их секретома в персонифицированной терапии РА, а также необходимо более детальное изучение дозировки, времени и способа их введения.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a long-term autoimmune disease characterized by  a  systemic immuno-inflammatory reaction leading to  joint edema, synovial hyperplasia, damage to cartilage and bone tissue. There is currently no effective treatment for this disease.</p><p>The aim of the literature review. To analyze the mechanisms described to date that underlie the effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and extracellular vesicles (EV) on the pathogenetic links of rheumatoid arthritis.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. PubMed and eLibrary databases for the period 2011–2023 were analyzed using keywords: rheumatoid arthritis, hematopoietic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, rheumatoid factor, extracellular vesicles, cell therapy.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. The  review describes current aspects of  the  etiology and pathogenesis of  rheumatoid arthritis, its potential biomarkers and currently known therapeutic strategies. The effect of MSC on T and B lymphocytes, as well as  other cellular participants in  the  disease, has been studied in  experimental and clinical studies. The  review expands the  understanding of  the  mechanisms of therapeutic effects of postnatal progenitor cells and their extracellular vesicles in  the  treatment of  rheumatoid arthritis, which, in  terms of  comparison, reveals the advantages and disadvantages of each method. It can be concluded that MSC and EV are a promising direction in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, however, further studies of the interactions of molecules affecting the links of the pathogenesis of RA are needed. Additional studies based on a pathogenetically ranked approach to the treatment of the disease are also necessary, which allows to identify the patterns of  effects of  each method with subsequent recommendation in  choosing the use of progenitor cells or, mainly, their secretome in personalized RA therapy, and a more detailed study of the dosage, time and method of their administration is also necessary.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ревматоидный артрит</kwd><kwd>мезенхимальные стволовые клетки</kwd><kwd>ревматоидный фактор</kwd><kwd>внеклеточные везикулы</kwd><kwd>клеточная терапия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rheumatoid arthritis</kwd><kwd>mesenchymal stem cells</kwd><kwd>rheumatoid factor</kwd><kwd>extracellular vesicles</kwd><kwd>cell therapy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lin YJ, Anzaghe M, Schülke S. 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