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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">actabiomedica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Acta Biomedica Scientifica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Acta Biomedica Scientifica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-9420</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9596</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29413/ABS.2024-9.6.3</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">actabiomedica-5112</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЕНЕТИКА, ПРОТЕОМИКА И МЕТАБОЛОМИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GENETICS, PROTEOMICS AND METABOLOMICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эпигенетическая модуляция в  медицине: регуляция генной экспрессии в контексте патогенеза и терапии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Epigenetic modulation in medicine: Regulation of gene expression in  the  context of  pathogenesis and therapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1061-3006</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Омаров</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Omarov</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Омаров Магомед Абдурахманович – клинический ординатор по специальности «онкология», </p><p>197022, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, 6-8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Magomed A. Omarov – Clinical Resident in Oncology, </p><p>L’va Tolstogo str. 6-8, Saint Petersburg 197022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mmaaggaa_omarov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7490-3710</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мулюков</surname><given-names>А. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mulyukov</surname><given-names>A. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мулюков Айрат Рамильевич – клинический ординатор по специальности «анестезиология-реаниматология», </p><p>450077, г. Уфа, ул. Ленина, 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Airat R. Mulyukov – Clinical Resident in Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine,</p><p>Lenina str. 3, Ufa 450077</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mulykov.165@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2901-5679</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Халитов</surname><given-names>Р. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khalitov</surname><given-names>R. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Халитов Ринат Витальевич – врач-педиатр, </p><p>452681, г. Нефтекамск, ул. Парковая, 31</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rinat V. Khalitov – Pediatrician, </p><p>Parkovaya str. 31, Neftekamsk 452681</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">det_pol@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2439-7251</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сафаров</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Safarov</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сафаров Садиг Илхам оглы – студент 5-го  курса педиатрического факультета, </p><p>450077, г. Уфа, ул. Ленина, 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sadig I. Safarov – Fifth Year Student at the Pediatric Faculty,</p><p>Lenina str. 3, Ufa 450077</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">safarov.sadig2016@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1405-3226</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аюпова</surname><given-names>Г. У.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ayupova</surname><given-names>G. U.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аюпова Гульнара Ураловна – студентка 6-го курса лечебного факультета, </p><p>450077, г. Уфа, ул. Ленина, 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gulnara U. Ayupova – Sixth Year Student at the Medical Faculty,</p><p>Lenina str. 3, Ufa 450077</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gulnara.gizatullina.00@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8775-1817</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Демьяненко</surname><given-names>О. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Demianenko</surname><given-names>O. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Демьяненко Ольга Николаевна – студентка 5-го курса лечебного факультета, </p><p>197022, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, 6-8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga N. Demianenko – Fifth Year Student at the Medical Faculty,</p><p>L’va Tolstogo str. 6-8, Saint Petersburg 197022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olgonok@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8202-1650</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бутенко</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Butenko</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бутенко Владислав Владиславович – студент 5-го курса лечебного факультета, </p><p>191015, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Кирочная, 41</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladislav V. Butenko – Fifth Year Student at the Medical Faculty,</p><p>Kirochnaya str. 41, Saint Petersburg 191015</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sagpresident@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5220-3268</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сафронова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Safronova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сафронова Анастасия Андреевна – клинический ординатор по специальности «урология», </p><p>194100, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Литовская, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia A. Safronova – Clinical Resident in Urology, </p><p>Litovskaya str. 2, Saint Petersburg 194100</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">safranasty@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9139-5375</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зайнетдинова</surname><given-names>Р. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zainetdinova</surname><given-names>R. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зайнетдинова Регина Рустамовна – студентка 6-го курса педиатрического факультета,</p><p>450077, г. Уфа, ул. Ленина, 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Regina R. Zainetdinova – Sixth Year Student at the Pediatric Faculty,</p><p>Lenina str. 3, Ufa 450077</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">regina18402@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9629-5507</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Янтурина</surname><given-names>О. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ianturina</surname><given-names>O. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Янтурина Олеся Юрьевна – студентка 5-го курса педиатрического факультета, </p><p>450077, г. Уфа, ул. Ленина, 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olesia Yu. Ianturina – Fifth Year Student at the Pediatric Faculty,</p><p>Lenina str. 3, Ufa 450077</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olesya@yanturin.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9384-9283</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мирошников</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Miroshnikov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мирошников Алексей Алексеевич – студент 5-го курса лечебного факультета, </p><p>197022, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, 6-8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksei A. Miroshnikov – Fifth Year Student at the Medical Faculty,</p><p>L’va Tolstogo str. 6-8, Saint Petersburg 197022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alexey956@hotmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский&#13;
университет имени академика И.П. Павлова» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Башкирский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bashkir State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ РБ «Городская больница города Нефтекамск»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Neftekamsk City Hospital</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет имени И.И. Мечникова» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>22</fpage><lpage>33</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Омаров М.А., Мулюков А.Р., Халитов Р.В., Сафаров С.И., Аюпова Г.У., Демьяненко О.Н., Бутенко В.В., Сафронова А.А., Зайнетдинова Р.Р., Янтурина О.Ю., Мирошников А.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Омаров М.А., Мулюков А.Р., Халитов Р.В., Сафаров С.И., Аюпова Г.У., Демьяненко О.Н., Бутенко В.В., Сафронова А.А., Зайнетдинова Р.Р., Янтурина О.Ю., Мирошников А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Omarov M.A., Mulyukov A.R., Khalitov R.V., Safarov S.I., Ayupova G.U., Demianenko O.N., Butenko V.V., Safronova A.A., Zainetdinova R.R., Ianturina O.Y., Miroshnikov A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/5112">https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/5112</self-uri><abstract><p>Эпигенетика играет критически важную роль относительно других разделов генетики, так как даёт возможность регулировать генную экспрессию без изменения нуклеотидной последовательностей в молекулы ДНК. Этот процесс позволяет клеткам реагировать на внешние сигналы и адаптироваться к изменениям в окружающей среде, сохраняя при этом свою генетическую информацию неизменной. Основные механизмы эпигенетической регуляции включают метилирование ДНК, посттрансляционные модификации гистонов, ремоделирование хроматина и регуляцию через некодирующие РНК. Эти процессы играют ключевую роль в таких фундаментальных биологических процессах, как клеточная дифференциация, развитие организма и адаптация к экологическим условиям.</p><p>Нарушения в  эпигенетических механизмах могут привести к  различным патологиям, в  том числе к  онкологическим, неврологическим и  аутоиммунным заболеваниям. Понимание механизмов эпигенетической регуляции открывает новые пути для разработки целенаправленных методов лечения, которые могут корректировать аномальные эпигенетические профили без изменения самой структуры ДНК.</p><p>В  последние годы разработка и  применение инновационных технологий, таких как система редактирования генома CRISPR/Cas9, значительно расширили возможности исследования эпигенетических механизмов и их связи с заболеваниями. Эти технологии позволяют не только глубже понимать эпигенетические изменения, но и разрабатывать новые терапевтические подходы, особенно в области онкологии.</p><p>Исследования в области эпигенетики также обращают внимание на взаимодействие между эпигенетическими изменениями и иммунной системой, что открывает новые перспективы для разработки иммунотерапии. Поиск новых маркеров эпигенетических нарушений и терапевтических агентов может привести к  созданию индивидуализированных методов лечения, учитывающих уникальный эпигенетический профиль каждого пациента.</p><p>Роль эпигенетических модификаций в  развитии заболеваний и  создании новых терапевтических стратегий не может быть переоценена. Исследования последних лет в этой области раскрывают потенциал эпигенетических подходов в  лечении широкого спектра заболеваний, открывая новую эру в медицине, где понимание и коррекция эпигенетических изменений станут ключом к эффективному лечению.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Epigenetics plays a critical role relative to other branches of genetics, as it makes it possible to regulate gene expression without changing the nucleotide sequence of DNA molecules. This process allows cells to respond to external signals and adapt to  changes in  the  environment while keeping their genetic information intact. The  main mechanisms of  epigenetic regulation include DNA methylation, posttranslational modifications of  histones, chromatin remodeling and  regulation through non-coding RNAs. These processes play a key role in fundamental biological processes such as cellular differentiation, organismal development, and adaptation to environmental conditions.</p><p>Disturbances in epigenetic mechanisms can lead to various pathologies, including cancer, neurological and  autoimmune diseases. Understanding the  mechanisms of  epigenetic regulation opens new avenues for  the  development of  targeted therapies that can correct abnormal epigenetic profiles without changing the DNA structure itself.</p><p>In  recent years, the  development and  application of  innovative technologies, such  as  the  CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system, have significantly expanded the ability to study epigenetic mechanisms and their relationship with diseases. These technologies allow not only a deeper understanding of epigenetic changes, but also the development of new therapeutic approaches, especially in the field of oncology. Research in  epigenetics is  also focusing on  the  interaction between epigenetic changes and the immune system, which opens new perspectives for the development of immunotherapies. The search for new markers of epigenetic disorders and therapeutic agents may lead to the development of individualized treatments that take into account the unique epigenetic profile of each patient.</p><p>The role of epigenetic modifications in the development of diseases and the creation of new therapeutic strategies cannot be overestimated. Recent research in this area is revealing the potential of epigenetic approaches to treat a wide range of diseases, ushering in a new era in medicine where understanding and correcting epigenetic changes will be the key to effective treatment.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эпигенетическая модуляция</kwd><kwd>метилирование ДНК</kwd><kwd>модификации гистонов</kwd><kwd>хроматиновое ремоделирование</kwd><kwd>CRISPR/Cas9</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>epigenetic modulation</kwd><kwd>DNA methylation</kwd><kwd>histone modifications</kwd><kwd>chromatin remodeling</kwd><kwd>CRISPR/Cas9</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">van Speybroeck L. From epigenes to epigenetics: The case of C.H. Waddington. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2002; 981: 61-81.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">van Speybroeck L. 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