<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">actabiomedica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Acta Biomedica Scientifica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Acta Biomedica Scientifica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-9420</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9596</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29413/ABS.2024-9.6.2</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">actabiomedica-5111</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>БИОХИМИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>BIOCHEMISTRY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние ацетата меди на  метаболизм гепатоцитов in vitro</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The effect of copper acetate on hepatocyte metabolism in vitro</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0270-404X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трухан</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trukhan</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Трухан Ирина Сергеевна - кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории клеточных технологий и регенеративной медицины, </p><p>664003, г. Иркутск, ул. Борцов Революции, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina  S. Trukhan – Cand.  Sc. (Biol.), Senior Research Officer at  the  Laboratory of  Cell Technologies and Regenerative Medicine,</p><p>Bortsov Revolyutsii str. 1, Irkutsk 664003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">predel4@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2540-4525</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дремина</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dremina</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дремина Наталия Николаевна – кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории клеточных технологий и регенеративной медицины, </p><p>664003, г. Иркутск, ул. Борцов Революции, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalya N. Dremina – Cand. Sc. (Biol.), Senior Research Officer at the Laboratory of Cell Technologies and Regenerative Medicine,</p><p>Bortsov Revolyutsii str. 1, Irkutsk 664003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">drema76@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3980-050X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шурыгина</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shurygina</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шурыгина Ирина Александровна – доктор медицинских наук, профессор РАН, заместитель директора по научной работе, </p><p>664003, г. Иркутск, ул. Борцов Революции, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina A. Shurygina – Dr. Sc. (Med.), Professor of the RAS, Deputy Director for Science, </p><p>Bortsov Revolyutsii str. 1, Irkutsk 664003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">irinashurygina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Иркутский научный центр хирургии и травматологии»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Irkutsk Scientific Centre of Surgery and Traumatology</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>12</fpage><lpage>21</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Трухан И.С., Дремина Н.Н., Шурыгина И.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Трухан И.С., Дремина Н.Н., Шурыгина И.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Trukhan I.S., Dremina N.N., Shurygina I.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/5111">https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/5111</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Обоснование</title><p>Обоснование. Ионы меди необходимы для поддержания базовых физиологических процессов в организме млекопитающих. Однако их избыточное поглощение или накопление в клетках может приводить к развитию или обострению различных патологических процессов. Цитотоксическое и генотоксическое воздействие высоких концентраций соединений меди в настоящее время хорошо изучено на различных клеточных культурах, тогда как влияние нетоксичных количеств ионов меди на физиологические процессы в клетках, в том числе в ходе их культивирования, исследовано крайне слабо.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Изучить влияние ионов меди на изменения внутриклеточного содержания митохондриальной цитохром-С-оксидазы и глутатионсинтетазы.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. Была получена первичная культура гепатоцитов, которую в течение суток подвергали воздействию ацетатом меди в концентрации 200 мкг/мл в пересчёте на содержание меди. После фиксации образцы окрашивали иммуноцитохимически с использованием антител к субъединице I цитохром-С-оксидазы (СсО) и глутатионситетазе (GS).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Было продемонстрировано статистически значимое увеличение интенсивности флуоресцентной окраски обоих анализируемых ферментов как после 6 ч, так и после 24 ч воздействия ионами меди, что свидетельствует об изменении их количества в  клетках. При этом увеличение количества СсО было более интенсивным в первые 6 ч инкубации с микроэлементом, тогда как в последующие 18  ч изменения во  внутриклеточном содержании СсО носили менее выраженный характер. В то же время повышение интенсивности флуоресцентной окраски GS было более активным и наблюдалось на протяжении всего времени культивирования.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Из полученных результатов можно сделать выводы о том, что ионы меди в нетоксичной концентрации могут влиять на ключевые показатели жизнеспособности клеток в культуре, изменяя количество одного из основных ферментов энергетического обмена и фермента, обеспечивающего синтез важнейшего низкомолекулярного антиоксиданта глутатиона.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Copper ions are necessary for maintaining basic physiological processes in the mammalian organism. However, their excessive absorption or accumulation in cells can lead to the development or exacerbation of various pathological processes. The  cytotoxic and  genotoxic effects of  high concentrations of  copper compounds are  currently well studied in  various cell cultures, whereas the  effect of non-toxic amounts of copper ions on physiological processes in cells, including during their cultivation, has been extremely poorly studied.</p></sec><sec><title>The aim of the study</title><p>The aim of the study. To investigate the effect of copper ions on changes in the intracellular amount of mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase and glutathione synthetase.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A primary culture of hepatocytes was obtained, which was exposed to copper acetate at a concentration of 200 µg/ml in terms of copper content for 24 hours. After fixation, the samples were stained immunocytochemically using antibodies to  cytochrome  C oxidase (CcO) subunit  I and  glutathione synthetase (GS).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In  hepatocyte culture, a  significant increase in  the  intensity of  fluorescent staining of the two analyzed enzymes was demonstrated both after 6 hours and  after  24  hours of  exposure to  copper ions, which indicates a  change in  their number in  cells. At  the  same time, the  increase in  the  amount of  CcO was more intense in the first 6 hours of incubation with a microelement, whereas in the next 18 hours, changes in the intracellular content of CcO were less pronounced. The increase in the intensity of the GS fluorescent stain was more active and was observed throughout the entire cultivation period.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. From the  results obtained, it  can  be concluded that copper ions in  non-toxic concentrations are  able to  influence key indicators of  cell viability in culture by changing the amount of one of the main energy metabolism enzymes and the enzyme that provides synthesis of the most important low-molecular antioxidant glutathione.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>культура гепатоцитов</kwd><kwd>ацетат меди</kwd><kwd>цитохром-Соксидаза</kwd><kwd>глутатионсинтетаза</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hepatocyte culture</kwd><kwd>copper acetate</kwd><kwd>cytochrome C oxidase</kwd><kwd>glutathione synthetase</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rahimzadeh MR, Kazemi S, Moghadamnia AA. Copper poisoning with emphasis on its clinical manifestations and treatment of intoxication. Adv Public Health. 2024; 6001014. doi: 10.1155/2024/60010142</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rahimzadeh  MR, Kazemi  S, Moghadamnia  AA. Copper poisoning with  emphasis on  its  clinical manifestations and treatment of intoxication. Adv Public Health. 2024; 6001014. doi: 10.1155/2024/60010142</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xue Q, Kang R, Klionsky DJ, Tang D, Liu J, Chen X. Copper metabolism in cell death and autophagy. Autophagy. 2023; 19(8): 2175-2195. doi: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2200554</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xue Q, Kang R, Klionsky DJ, Tang D, Liu J, Chen X. Copper metabolism in cell death and autophagy. Autophagy. 2023; 19(8): 2175-2195. doi: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2200554</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sailer J, Nagel J, Akdogan B, Jauch AT, Engler J, Knolle PA, et al. Deadly excess copper. Redox Biol. 2024; 75: 103256. doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103256</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sailer J, Nagel J, Akdogan B, Jauch AT, Engler J, Knolle PA, et  al. Deadly excess copper. Redox Biol. 2024; 75: 103256. doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103256</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wungjiranirun M, Sharzehi K. Wilson’s disease. Semin Neurol. 2023; 43(4): 626-633. doi: 10.1055/s-0043-1771465</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wungjiranirun M, Sharzehi K. Wilson’s disease. Semin Neurol. 2023; 43(4): 626-633. doi: 10.1055/s-0043-1771465</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saporito-Magriñá CM, Musacco-Sebio RN, Andrieux G, Kook L, Orrego MT, Tuttolomondo MV, et al. Copper-induced cell death and the protective role of glutathione: The implication of impaired protein folding rather than oxidative stress. Metallomics. 2018; 10(12): 1743-1754. doi: 10.1039/c8mt00182k</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saporito-Magriñá  CM, Musacco-Sebio  RN, Andrieux  G, Kook L, Orrego MT, Tuttolomondo MV, et al. Copper-induced cell death and the protective role of glutathione: The implication of impaired protein folding rather than oxidative stress. Metallomics. 2018; 10(12): 1743-1754. doi: 10.1039/c8mt00182k</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ruiz LM, Libedinsky A, Elorza AA. Role of copper on mitochondrial function and metabolism. Front Mol Biosci. 2021; 8: 711227. doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.711227</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ruiz LM, Libedinsky A, Elorza AA. Role of copper on mitochondrial function and  metabolism. Front Mol Biosci. 2021; 8: 711227. doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.711227</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Oe S, Miyagawa K, Honma Y, Harada M. Copper induces hepatocyte injury due to the endoplasmic reticulum stress in cultured cells and patients with Wilson disease. Exp Cell Res. 2016; 347(1): 192-200. doi: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.08.003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oe S, Miyagawa K, Honma Y, Harada M. Copper induces hepatocyte injury due to the endoplasmic reticulum stress in cultured cells and  patients with Wilson disease. Exp Cell Res. 2016; 347(1): 192-200. doi: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.08.003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Husain N, Mahmood R. Copper (II) generates ROS and RNS, impairs antioxidant system and damages membrane and DNA in human blood cells. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019; 26(20): 20654- 20668. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-05345-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Husain N, Mahmood R. Copper (II) generates ROS and RNS, impairs antioxidant system and  damages membrane and  DNA in human blood cells. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019; 26(20): 20654- 20668. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-05345-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yang F, Pei R, Zhang Z, Liao J, Yu W, Qiao N, et al Copper induces oxidative stress and apoptosis through mitochondriamediated pathway in chicken hepatocytes. Toxicol In Vitro. 2019; 54: 310-316. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.10.017</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang F, Pei R, Zhang Z, Liao J, Yu W, Qiao N, et al Copper induces oxidative stress and  apoptosis through mitochondriamediated pathway in chicken hepatocytes. Toxicol In Vitro. 2019; 54: 310-316. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.10.017</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kang Z, Qiao N, Liu G, Chen H, Tang Z, Li Y. Copper-induced apoptosis and autophagy through oxidative stress-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction in male germ cells. Toxicol In Vitro. 2019; 61: 104639. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104639</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kang Z, Qiao N, Liu G, Chen H, Tang Z, Li Y. Copper-induced apoptosis and autophagy through oxidative stress-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction in male germ cells. Toxicol In Vitro. 2019; 61: 104639. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104639</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang X, Cao H, Fang Y, Bai H, Chen J, Xing C, et al. Activation of endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria coupling drives copper-induced autophagy in duck renal tubular epithelial cells. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2022; 235: 113438. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113438</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang  X, Cao  H, Fang Y, Bai  H, Chen  J, Xing  C, et  al. Activation of  endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria coupling drives copper-induced autophagy in duck renal tubular epithelial cells. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2022; 235: 113438. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113438</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yang F, Liao J, Yu W, Qiao N, Guo J, Han Q, et al. Exposure to copper induces mitochondria-mediated apoptosis by inhibiting mitophagy and the PINK1/parkin pathway in chicken (Gallus gallus) livers. J Hazard Mater. 2021; 408: 124888. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124888</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang F, Liao J, Yu W, Qiao N, Guo J, Han Q, et al. Exposure to copper induces mitochondria-mediated apoptosis by inhibiting mitophagy and the PINK1/parkin pathway in chicken (Gallus gallus) livers. J Hazard Mater. 2021; 408: 124888. doi:  10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124888</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang C, Huang T, Li L. Targeting cuproptosis for cancer therapy: Mechanistic insights and clinical perspectives. J Hematol Oncol. 2024; 17(1): 68. doi: 10.1186/s13045-024-01589-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang C, Huang T, Li L. Targeting cuproptosis for cancer therapy: Mechanistic insights and clinical perspectives. J Hematol Oncol. 2024; 17(1): 68. doi: 10.1186/s13045-024-01589-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kong R, Sun G. Targeting copper metabolism: A promising strategy for cancer treatment. Front Pharmacol. 2023; 14: 1203447. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1203447</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kong R, Sun G. Targeting copper metabolism: A promising strategy for cancer treatment. Front Pharmacol. 2023; 14: 1203447. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1203447</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dremina NN, Trukhan IS, Say OV, Shurygina IA. Activity of hepatic enzymes of isolated hepatocytes under the influence of copper acetate. International Journal of Biomedicine. 2022; 12(1): 58-62. doi: 10.21103/Article12(1)_OA8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dremina NN, Trukhan IS, Say OV, Shurygina IA. Activity of hepatic enzymes of isolated hepatocytes under the influence of copper acetate. International Journal of Biomedicine. 2022; 12(1): 58-62. doi: 10.21103/Article12(1)_OA8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shurygina IA, Trukhan IS, Dremina NN, Say OV, Shurygin MG, Prozorova GF, et al. Evaluation of the safety and toxicity of the original copper nanocomposite based on poly-N-vinylimidazole. Nanomaterials (Basel). 2021; 12(1): 16. doi: 10.3390/nano12010016</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shurygina IA, Trukhan IS, Dremina NN, Say OV, Shurygin MG, Prozorova GF, et al. Evaluation of the safety and toxicity of the original copper nanocomposite based on  poly-N-vinylimidazole. Nanomaterials (Basel). 2021; 12(1): 16. doi: 10.3390/nano12010016</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chicherin IV, Dashinimaev E, Baleva M, Krasheninnikov I, Levitskii S, Kamenski P. Cytochrome C oxidase on the crossroads of transcriptional regulation and bioenergetics. Front Physiol. 2019; 10: 644. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00644</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chicherin IV, Dashinimaev E, Baleva M, Krasheninnikov I, Levitskii S, Kamenski P. Cytochrome C oxidase on the crossroads of transcriptional regulation and bioenergetics. Front Physiol. 2019; 10: 644. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00644</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Timón-Gómez A, Nývltová E, Abriata LA, Vila AJ, Hosler J, Barrientos A. Mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase biogenesis: Recent developments. Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2018; 76: 163-178. doi: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.08.055</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Timón-Gómez A, Nývltová E, Abriata LA, Vila AJ, Hosler J, Barrientos  A. Mitochondrial cytochrome  C oxidase biogenesis: Recent developments. Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2018; 76: 163-178. doi: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.08.055</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen TH, Wang HC, Chang CJ, Lee SY. Mitochondrial glutathione in cellular redox homeostasis and disease manifestation. Int J Mol Sci. 2024; 25(2): 1314. doi: 10.3390/ijms25021314</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen TH, Wang HC, Chang CJ, Lee SY. Mitochondrial glutathione in cellular redox homeostasis and disease manifestation. Int J Mol Sci. 2024; 25(2): 1314. doi: 10.3390/ijms25021314</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lu SC. Regulation of glutathione synthesis. Mol Aspects Med. 2009; 30(1-2): 42-59. doi: 10.1016/j.mam.2008.05.005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lu SC. Regulation of glutathione synthesis. Mol Aspects Med. 2009; 30(1-2): 42-59. doi: 10.1016/j.mam.2008.05.005</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Egbujor MC, Olaniyan OT, Emeruwa CN, Saha S, Saso L, Tucci P. An insight into role of amino acids as antioxidants via NRF2 activation. Amino Acids. 2024; 56(1): 23. doi: 10.1007/s00726-024-03384-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Egbujor MC, Olaniyan OT, Emeruwa CN, Saha S, Saso L, Tucci P. An insight into role of amino acids as antioxidants via NRF2 activation. Amino Acids. 2024; 56(1): 23. doi: 10.1007/s00726-024-03384-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zeng H, Saari JT, Johnson WT. Copper deficiency decreases complex IV but not complex I, II, III, or V in the mitochondrial respiratory chain in rat heart. JNutr. 2007; 137(1): 14-18. doi: 10.1093/jn/137.1.14</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zeng H, Saari JT, Johnson WT. Copper deficiency decreases complex IV but not complex I, II, III, or V in the mitochondrial respiratory chain in rat heart. JNutr. 2007; 137(1): 14-18. doi: 10.1093/jn/137.1.14</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Johnson WT, Brown-Borg HM. Cardiac cytochrome C oxidase deficiency occurs during late postnatal development in progeny of copper-deficient rats. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2006; 231(2): 172-180. doi: 10.1177/153537020623100207</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Johnson WT, Brown-Borg  HM. Cardiac cytochrome  C oxidase deficiency occurs during late postnatal development in progeny of copper-deficient rats. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2006; 231(2): 172-180. doi: 10.1177/153537020623100207</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ruiz LM, Jensen EL, Rossel Y, Puas GI, GonzalezIbanez AM, Bustos RI, et al. Non-cytotoxic copper overload boosts mitochondrial energy metabolism to modulate cell proliferation and differentiation in the human erythroleukemic cell line K562. Mitochondrion. 2016; 29: 18-30. doi: 10.1016/j.mito.2016.04.005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ruiz  LM, Jensen  EL, Rossel  Y, Puas  GI, GonzalezIbanez  AM, Bustos  RI, et  al. Non-cytotoxic copper overload boosts mitochondrial energy metabolism to  modulate cell proliferation and differentiation in the human erythroleukemic cell line K562. Mitochondrion. 2016; 29: 18-30. doi: 10.1016/j.mito.2016.04.005</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dhar SS, Johar K, Wong-Riley MT. Bigenomic transcriptional regulation of all thirteen cytochrome C oxidase subunit genes by specificity protein 1. Open Biol. 2013; 3(3): 120176. doi: 10.1098/rsob.120176</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dhar SS, Johar K, Wong-Riley  MT. Bigenomic transcriptional regulation of  all thirteen cytochrome  C oxidase subunit genes by  specificity protein  1. Open Biol. 2013; 3(3): 120176. doi: 10.1098/rsob.120176</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Song MO, Mattie MD, Lee CH, Freedman JH. The role of Nrf1 and Nrf2 in the regulation of copper-responsive transcription. Exp Cell Res. 2014; 322(1): 39-50. doi: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.01.013</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Song MO, Mattie MD, Lee CH, Freedman JH. The role of Nrf1 and Nrf2 in the regulation of copper-responsive transcription. Exp Cell Res. 2014; 322(1): 39-50. doi: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.01.013</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bouda E, Stapon A, Garcia-Diaz M. Mechanisms of mammalian mitochondrial transcription. Protein Sci. 2019; 28(9): 1594- 1605. doi: 10.1002/pro.3688</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bouda E, Stapon A, Garcia-Diaz M. Mechanisms of mammalian mitochondrial transcription. Protein Sci. 2019; 28(9): 1594- 1605. doi: 10.1002/pro.3688</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xia JL, Wu S, Zhang RY, Zhang CG, He H, Jiang HC, et al. Effects of copper exposure on expression of glutathione-related genes in Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. Curr Microbiol. 2011; 62(5): 1460-1466. doi: 10.1007/s00284-011-9881-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xia JL, Wu S, Zhang RY, Zhang CG, He H, Jiang HC, et al. Effects of copper exposure on expression of glutathione-related genes in Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. Curr Microbiol. 2011; 62(5): 1460-1466. doi: 10.1007/s00284-011-9881-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tillquist NM, Thorndyke MP, Thomas TA, Coleman SJ, Engle TE. Impact of cell culture and copper dose on gene expression in bovine liver. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2022; 200(5): 2113-2121. doi: 10.1007/s12011-021-02829-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tillquist  NM, Thorndyke  MP, Thomas TA, Coleman  SJ, Engle TE. Impact of cell culture and copper dose on gene expression in bovine liver. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2022; 200(5): 2113-2121. doi: 10.1007/s12011-021-02829-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mattie MD, Freedman JH. Copper-inducible transcription: Regulation by metal- and oxidative stress-responsive pathways. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2004; 286(2): C293-C301. doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.00293.2003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mattie MD, Freedman JH. Copper-inducible transcription: Regulation by metal- and oxidative stress-responsive pathways. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2004; 286(2): C293-C301. doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.00293.2003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Samet JM, Graves LM, Quay J, Dailey LA, Devlin RB, Ghio AJ, et al. Activation of MAPKs in human bronchial epithelial cells exposed to metals. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 1998; 275(3): L551-L558. doi: 10.1152/ajplung.1998.275.3.L551</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Samet JM, Graves LM, Quay J, Dailey LA, Devlin RB, Ghio AJ, et al. Activation of MAPKs in human bronchial epithelial cells exposed to metals. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 1998; 275(3): L551-L558. doi: 10.1152/ajplung.1998.275.3.L551</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
