<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">actabiomedica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Acta Biomedica Scientifica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Acta Biomedica Scientifica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-9420</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9596</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29413/ABS.2025-10.3.7</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">actabiomedica-5082</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИНФЕКЦИОННЫЕ БОЛЕЗНИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INFECTIOUS DISEASES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Связь между перенесенной коронавирусной инфекцией и содержанием сывороточных интерлейкинов при заболеваниях нервной системы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The relationship between past coronavirus infection and the content of serum interleukins in diseases of the nervous system</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3853-6400</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бородин</surname><given-names>П. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borodin</surname><given-names>P. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бородин Павел Евгеньевич – врач-невролог, аспирант кафедры химии 5-го года </p><p>675001, Амурская область, г. Благовещенск, ул. Горького, д. 95</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pavel E. Borodin – neurologist, 5th year postgraduate student of the Chemistry Department </p><p>Gorky st., 95, Amur region, 675001 Blagoveshchensk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">borodin54@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Амурская Государственная Медицинская Академия Минздрава России»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Amur State Medical Academy of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>70</fpage><lpage>79</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бородин П.Е., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бородин П.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Borodin P.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/5082">https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/5082</self-uri><abstract><p>Обоснование. Медиаторами воспаления, представляющего важнейший механизм развития коронавирусной инфекции, сопровождающейся разнообразными осложнениями со стороны нервной системы, как в острый период заболевания, так и в отдаленной перспективе, выступает группа интерлейкинов. Цель исследования. Выяснение связи между перенесенной коронавирусной инфекцией и содержанием сывороточных интерлейкинов при заболеваниях НС. Методы. В исследовании приняли участие 146 больных с острыми нарушениями мозгового кровообращения (32), заболеваниями центральной (60) и периферической нервной системы (54), из числа которых 47 перенесли COVID-19. В группу сравнения вошли 54 человека, сопоставимых по возрасту и полу, без клинических признаков острых и хронических заболеваний. С использованием диагностикумов АО «Вектор Бест», методом ИФА определяли содержание интерлейкинов 6, 8, 10 и 18. Результаты. В крови больных с заболеваниями нервной системы увеличено содержание определяемых интерлейкинов, наиболее характерное для интерлейкина 6, содержание которого зависело от характера заболевания и было выше у больных, переболевших COVID-19. Заключение. Установлена большая интенсивность воспалительного процесса у больных, переболевших COVID-19, проявляющаяся в более высоком содержании провоспалительных интерлейкинов по отношению к пациентам, не переболевшим коронавирусной инфекцией.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background. The mediators of inflammation, which is the most important mechanism for the development of coronavirus infection, accompanied by various complications from the nervous system, both in the acute period of the disease and in the long term, are a group of interleukins. The aim. To clarify the relationship between previous coronavirus infection and the content of serum interleukins in diseases of the nervous system. Methods. The study involved 146 patients with acute cerebrovascular accidents (32), diseases of the central (60) and peripheral nervous system (54), of which 47 had COVID-19. The comparison group included 54 people comparable in age and gender without clinical signs of acute and chronic diseases. Using diagnostics from Vector Best, the content of interleukins 6, 8, 10 and 18 was determined by ELISA. Results. In the blood of patients with diseases of the nervous system, the content of detectable interleukins is increased, the most characteristic of interleukin 6, the content of which in the blood of patients depended on the nature of the disease and was higher in patients who had recovered from COVID-19. In the blood of patients with diseases of the nervous system, the content of detectable interleukins is increased, most characteristic of interleukin 6, the content of which in the blood of patients depended on the nature of the disease and was higher in patients who had recovered from COVID-19. Conclusion. A greater intensity of the inflammatory process was established in patients who had recovered from COVID-19, manifested in a higher content of proinflammatory interleukins in relation to patients who have not recovered from coronavirus infection.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>постковидный период</kwd><kwd>болезни нервной системы</kwd><kwd>воспаление</kwd><kwd>интерлейкины</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>post-covid period</kwd><kwd>diseases of the nervous system</kwd><kwd>inflammation</kwd><kwd>interleukins</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cascella M, Rajnik M, Aleem A, et al. Features, evaluation, and treatment of coronavirus (COVID-19) [Updated 2023 Aug 18]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554776/ [date of access: December 14, 2024].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cascella M, Rajnik M, Aleem A, et al. Features, evaluation, and treatment of coronavirus (COVID-19) [Updated 2023 Aug 18]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554776/ [date of access: December 14, 2024].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lenharo M. WHO declares end to COVID-19’s emergency phase. Nature. 2023. doi: 10.1038/d41586-023-01559-z</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lenharo M. WHO declares end to COVID-19’s emergency phase. Nature. 2023. doi: 10.1038/d41586-023-01559-z</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Full Fact. The WHO has not declared the Covid-19 pandemic over. URL: https://fullfact.org/health/whocovid-pandemic-over/ [date of access: December 14, 2024].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Full Fact. The WHO has not declared the Covid-19 pandemic over. URL: https://fullfact.org/health/whocovid-pandemic-over/ [date of access: December 14, 2024].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yong SJ. Long COVID or post-COVID-19 syndrome: putative pathophysiology, risk factors, and treatments. Infect Dis (Lond). 2021; 53(10): 737-754. doi: 10.1080/23744235.2021.1924397</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yong SJ. Long COVID or post-COVID-19 syndrome: putative pathophysiology, risk factors, and treatments. Infect Dis (Lond). 2021; 53(10): 737-754. doi: 10.1080/23744235.2021.1924397</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anaya JM, Rojas M, Salinas ML, Rodríguez Y, Roa G, Lozano M, et al. Post-COVID syndrome. A case series and comprehensive review. Autoimmun Rev. 2021; 20(11): 102947. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102947</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anaya JM, Rojas M, Salinas ML, Rodríguez Y, Roa G, Lozano M, et al. Post-COVID syndrome. A case series and comprehensive review. Autoimmun Rev. 2021; 20(11): 102947. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102947</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mao L, Jin H, Wang M, Hu Y, Chen S, He Q, et al. Neurologic manifestations of hospitalized patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Wuhan, China. JAMA Neurol. 2020; 77(6): 683-690. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.1127</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mao L, Jin H, Wang M, Hu Y, Chen S, He Q, et al. Neurologic manifestations of hospitalized patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Wuhan, China. JAMA Neurol. 2020; 77(6): 683-690. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.1127</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dewanjee S, Vallamkondu J, Kalra RS, Puvvada N, Kandimalla R, Reddy PH. Emerging COVID-19 Neurological Manifestations: Present Outlook and Potential Neurological Challenges in COVID-19 Pandemic. Mol Neurobiol. 2021; 58(9): 4694-4715. doi: 10.1007/s12035-021-02450-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dewanjee S, Vallamkondu J, Kalra RS, Puvvada N, Kandimalla R, Reddy PH. Emerging COVID-19 Neurological Manifestations: Present Outlook and Potential Neurological Challenges in COVID-19 Pandemic. Mol Neurobiol. 2021; 58(9): 4694-4715. doi: 10.1007/s12035-021-02450-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leven Y, Bösel J. Neurological manifestations of COVID-19 – an approach to categories of pathology. Neurol. Res. Pract. 2021; 3(1): 39. doi: 10.1186/s42466-021-00138-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leven Y, Bösel J. Neurological manifestations of COVID-19 – an approach to categories of pathology. Neurol. Res. Pract. 2021; 3(1): 39. doi: 10.1186/s42466-021-00138-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Romero-Sánchez CM, Díaz-Maroto I, Fernández-Díaz E, Sánchez-Larsen Á, Layos-Romero A, García-García J, et al. Neurologic manifestations in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: The ALBACOVID registry. Neurology. 2020; 95(8): e1060-e1070. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000009937</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Romero-Sánchez CM, Díaz-Maroto I, FernándezDíaz E, Sánchez-Larsen Á, Layos-Romero A, García-García J, et al. Neurologic manifestations in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: The ALBACOVID registry. Neurology. 2020; 95(8): e1060-e1070. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000009937</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sung-Min Cho, White N, Premraj L, Battaglini D, Fanning J, Suen J, et al. Neurological manifestations of COVID-19 in adults and children. Brain. 2023; 146(4): 1648–1661. doi: 10.1093/brain/awac332</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sung-Min Cho, White N, Premraj L, Battaglini D, Fanning J, Suen J, et al. Neurological manifestations of COVID-19 in adults and children. Brain. 2023; 146(4): 1648–1661. doi: 10.1093/brain/awac332</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Collantes MEV, Espiritu AI, Sy MCC, Anlacan VMM, Jamora RDG. Neurological Manifestations in COVID-19 Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Can J Neurol Sci. 2021; 48(1): 66-76. doi: 10.1080/00207454.2021.1973000</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Collantes MEV, Espiritu AI, Sy MCC, Anlacan VMM, Jamora RDG. Neurological Manifestations in COVID-19 Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Can J Neurol Sci. 2021; 48(1): 66-76. doi: 10.1080/00207454.2021.1973000</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бернс С.А., Панфилова А.А., Салихова С.И., Зернова Е.В., Хадорич М.А., Тавлуева Е.В. Неврологические осложнения у больных, перенесших COVID-19. Профилактическая медицина. 2024; 27(6): 98–104. doi: 10.17116/profmed20242706198</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berns SA, Panfilova AA, Salichova SI, Zernova EV, Chadorich MA, Tavlueva EV. Neurological complications in patients underwent COVID-19. Russian Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2024; 27(6): 98104. (In Russ.). doi: 10.17116/profmed20242706198</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кукес В.Г., Парфенова О.К., Сидоров Н.Г., Олефир Ю.В., Газданова А.А. Окислительный стресс и воспаление в патогенезе COVID-19. Российский медицинский журнал. 2020; 26(4): 244–247. doi: 10.17816/0869-2106-2020-26-4-244-247</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kukes VG, Parfenova OK, Sidorov NG, Olefir YV, Gazdanova AA. Oxidative stress and inflammation in COVID-19 pathogenesis. Rossiyskiy meditsinskiy zhurnal. 2020; 26(4): 244-247. (In Russ.). doi: 10.17816/0869-2106-2020-26-4-244-247</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vaillant JAA, Qurie A. Interleukin: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499840/ [date of access: December 14, 2024].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vaillant JAA, Qurie A. Interleukin: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499840/ [date of access: December 14, 2024].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хорева М.А. Постковидный синдром — новая реальность. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. 2021; 121(10): 131–137. https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro2021121101131</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khoreva MA. Postcovid syndrome — a new reality. Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova. 2021; 121(10): 131–137. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro2021121101131</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Batiha GE, Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Welson NN. Pathophysiology of Post-COVID syndromes: a new perspective. Virol J. 2022; 19(1): 158. doi: 10.1186/s12985-022-01891-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Batiha GE, Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Welson NN. Pathophysiology of Post-COVID syndromes: a new perspective. Virol J. 2022; 19(1): 158. doi: 10.1186/s12985-022-01891-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тийс Р.П., Осипова Л.П. Интерлейкин-6: его роль в организме, генетический полиморфизм и значение при некоторых заболеваниях (литературный обзор). Медицинская генетика. 2022; 21(1): 14-27. doi: 10.25557/2073-7998.2022.01.14-27</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tiis RP, Osipova LP. Interleukin-6: it’s role in the organism, genetic polymorphism and significance in certain diseases (literature review). Medical Genetics. 2022; 21(1): 14-27. (In Russ.). doi: 10.25557/2073-7998.2022.01.14-27</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhu H, Wang Z, Yu J, Yang X, He F, Liu Z, et al. Role and mechanisms of cytokines in the secondary brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage. Prog Neurobiol. 2019; 178: 101610. doi: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2019.03.003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhu H, Wang Z, Yu J, Yang X, He F, Liu Z, et al. Role and mechanisms of cytokines in the secondary brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage. Prog Neurobiol. 2019; 178: 101610. doi: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2019.03.003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Narayanan SN, Padiyath S, Chandrababu K, et al. Neurological, psychological, psychosocial complications of long-COVID and their management. Neurol Sci. 2025; 46: 1–23. doi: 10.1007/s10072-024-07854-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Narayanan SN, Padiyath S, Chandrababu K, et al. Neurological, psychological, psychosocial complications of long-COVID and their management. Neurol Sci. 2025; 46: 1–23. doi: 10.1007/s10072-024-07854-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Салмина А.Б., Комлева Ю.К., Кувачева Н.В., Лопатина О.Л., Пожиленкова Е.А., Горина Я.В. и др. Воспаление и старение мозга. Вестник РАМН. 2015; 1: 17–25</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Salmina AB, Komleva YuK, Kuvacheva NV, Lopatina OL, Pozhilenkova EA, Gorina YaV, et al. Inflammation and brain aging. Annals of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. 2015; 1: 17–25. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kang S, Narazaki M, Metwally H, Kishimoto T. Historical overview of the interleukin-6 family cytokine. J Exp Med. 2020; 217(5): e20190347. doi: 10.1084/jem.20190347</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kang S, Narazaki M, Metwally H, Kishimoto T. Historical overview of the interleukin-6 family cytokine. J Exp Med. 2020; 217(5): e20190347. doi: 10.1084/jem.20190347</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Devlin L, Gombolay GY. Cerebrospinal fluid cytokines in COVID-19: a review and meta-analysis. J Neurol. 2023; 270(11): 5155-5161. doi: 10.1007/s00415-023-11928-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Devlin L, Gombolay GY. Cerebrospinal fluid cytokines in COVID-19: a review and meta-analysis. J Neurol. 2023; 270(11): 5155-5161. doi: 10.1007/s00415-023-11928-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang P, Shi L, Xu J, Wang Y, Yang H. Elevated interleukin-6 and adverse outcomes in COVID-19 patients: a meta-analysis based on adjusted effect estimates. Immunogenetics. 2020; 72(8): 431-437. doi: 10.1007/s00251-020-01179-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang P, Shi L, Xu J, Wang Y, Yang H. Elevated interleukin-6 and adverse outcomes in COVID-19 patients: a meta-analysis based on adjusted effect estimates. Immunogenetics. 2020; 72(8): 431-437. doi: 10.1007/s00251-020-01179-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brandt C, Pedersen BK. The role of exercise-induced myokines in muscle homeostasis and the defense against chronic diseases. J Biomed Biotechnol. 2010; 2010: 520258. doi: 10.1155/2010/520258</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brandt C, Pedersen BK. The role of exercise-induced myokines in muscle homeostasis and the defense against chronic diseases. J Biomed Biotechnol. 2010; 2010: 520258. doi: 10.1155/2010/520258</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Глушкова М.И., Семинский И.Ж., Алёшкин И.Г. Цитокиновый дисбаланс как фактор осложнений операции удаления нижнего третьего моляра. Acta biomedica scientifica. 2024; 9(4): 91-99. doi: 10.29413/ABS.2024-9.4.11</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Glushkova MI, Seminskiy IZh, Alyoshkin IG. Cytokine imbalance as a factor of postoperative complications of third mandibular molar extraction. Acta biomedical scientifica. 2024; 9(4): 91-99. (In Russ.). doi: 10.29413/ABS.2024-9.4.11</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reale M, Costantini E, Greig NH. Cytokine imbalance in schizophrenia. From research to clinic: Potential implications for treatment. Front Psychiatry. 2021; 12: 1-17. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.536257</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reale M, Costantini E, Greig NH. Cytokine imbalance in schizophrenia. From research to clinic: Potential implications for treatment. Front Psychiatry. 2021; 12: 1-17. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.536257</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shnayder NA, Ashhotov AV, Trefilova VV, Nurgaliev ZA, Novitsky MA, Vaiman EE, et al. Cytokine imbalance as a biomarker of intervertebral disk degeneration. Int J Mol Sci. 2023; 24(3): 2360. doi: 10.3390/ijms24032360</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shnayder NA, Ashhotov AV, Trefilova VV, Nurgaliev ZA, Novitsky MA, Vaiman EE, et al. Cytokine imbalance as a biomarker of intervertebral disk degeneration. Int J Mol Sci. 2023; 24(3): 2360. doi: 10.3390/ijms24032360</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Белоглазов В.А., Дудченко Л.Ш., Усеинова Р.Х., Яцков И.А., Соловьева Е.А., Андреева Г.Н. Роль дисбаланса эндотоксинреализующих систем и вазоконстрикторных маркеров в развитии низкоинтенсивного системного воспаления у пациентов с постковидным синдромом. Acta biomedica scientifica. 2024; 9(4): 83-90. doi: 10.29413/ABS.2024-9.4.10</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Beloglazov VA, Dudchenko LSh, Useinova RKh, Yatskov IA, Solovyova EA, Andreeva GN. Low-grade systemic inflammation in patients with long COVID: The role of imbalance of endotoxin-releasing systems and vasoconstrictor markers. Acta Biomedica Scientifica. 2024; 9(4): 83-90. (In Russ.). doi: 10.29413/ABS.2024-9.4.10</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Elizalde-Díaz JP, Miranda-Narváez CL, MartínezLazcano JC, Martínez-Martínez E. The relationship between chronic immune response and neurodegenerative damage in long COVID-19. Front Immunol. 2022; 13: 1039427. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1039427</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Elizalde-Díaz JP, Miranda-Narváez CL, MartínezLazcano JC, Martínez-Martínez E. The relationship between chronic immune response and neurodegenerative damage in long COVID-19. Front Immunol. 2022; 13: 1039427. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1039427</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Soriano JB, Murthy S, Marshall JC, Relan P, Diaz JV. WHO Clinical Case Definition Working Group on Post-COVID-19 condition. A clinical case definition of postCOVID-19 condition by a Delphi consensus. Lancet Infect Dis. 2022; 22(4): e102-e107. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00703-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Soriano JB, Murthy S, Marshall JC, Relan P, Diaz JV. WHO Clinical Case Definition Working Group on Post-COVID-19 condition. A clinical case definition of postCOVID-19 condition by a Delphi consensus. Lancet Infect Dis. 2022; 22(4): e102-e107. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00703-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
