<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">actabiomedica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Acta Biomedica Scientifica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Acta Biomedica Scientifica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-9420</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9596</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29413/ABS.2024-9.5.15</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">actabiomedica-5043</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МОРФОЛОГИЯ, ФИЗИОЛОГИЯ И ПАТОФИЗИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MORPHOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Динамика основных показателей углеводного обмена и возможные причины его нарушения в осенний и зимний периоды года у современных жителей-северян</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Dynamics of the main parameters of carbohydrate metabolism and possible causes of its disorders in the autumn and winter periods in modern residents of the North</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4511-6782</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аверьянова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Averyanova</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аверьянова Инесса Владиславовна – доктор биологических наук, заведующая, главный научный сотрудник лаборатории физиологии экстремальных состояний</p><p>685000, г. Магадан, просп. Карла Маркса, 24</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Inessa V. Averyanova – Dr. Sc. (Biol.), Head, Chief Research Officer at the Laboratory of Physiology of Extreme Conditions</p><p>Karla Marksa Ave. 24, Magadan 685000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Inessa1382@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5718-5398</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алёшина</surname><given-names>О. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alyoshina</surname><given-names>O. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алёшина Ольга Олеговна – младший научный сотрудник лаборатории физиологии экстремальных состояний</p><p>685000, г. Магадан, просп. Карла Маркса, 24</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga O. Alyoshina – Junior Research Officer at the Laboratory of the Physiology of Extreme Conditions</p><p>Karla Marksa Ave. 24, Magadan 685000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">oalesina597@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Научно-исследовательский центр «Арктика» Дальневосточного отделения Российской академии наук</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific Research Center “Arktika” Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>142</fpage><lpage>149</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Аверьянова И.В., Алёшина О.О., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Аверьянова И.В., Алёшина О.О.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Averyanova I.V., Alyoshina O.O.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/5043">https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/5043</self-uri><abstract><p>Для оценки резервных возможностей организма с физиологической точки зрения важным является изучение специфического «северного» гормонально-метаболического профиля организма в критические (осенний и зимний) периоды года у практически здоровых людей, родившихся и проживающих на Севере.Цель работы. Изучение основных характеристик углеводного обмена, а также возможных причин его нарушений в динамике осеннего и зимнего периодов года у мужчин-северян.Материалы и методы. В осенний (октябрь) и зимний (декабрь) этапы исследования были включены 45 мужчин (средний возраст 40,0 ± 0,8 года), постоянно проживающих на территории Магаданской области. В работе использовали иммунохемилюминесцентный, ферментативный метод и иммунохроматографический анализ.Результаты исследования. Установлено, что средние величины показателей углеводного обмена у обследуемых мужчин-северян сопоставимы с нормативными диапазонами со смещением в сторону больших значений относительно установленных пределов и не соответствуют основным критериям «полярного метаболического типа», для которого характерно проявление гипогликемии и гипоинсулинемии на фоне повышенных значений сывороточного кортизола. Показано, что в критический период года с октября по декабрь (при переходе температурной кривой через ноль) на фоне относительного «гиперкортицизма» наблюдается активация инсулярного аппарата поджелудочной железы, сопровождающаяся повышением уровня инсулина, а также развитием инсулинорезистентности при отсутствии компенсаторной секреции β-клеток поджелудочной железы. При этом наличие признаков инсулинорезистентности у мужчин-северян в зимний период года может быть обусловлено дисбалансом в сторону большего доминирования симпатического отдела вегетативной нервной системы, формируемым как ответная реакция на критический период года.Заключение. Полученные результаты указывают на формирование трансформированного «северного» гормонально-метаболического профиля организма современного жителя Севера, который следует рассматривать как определённый адаптивный ответ на современную модификацию социально-экономического образа жизни северян (гиподинамия, избыточное питание и т. д.).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>To assess the reserve capacity of the body from a physiological point of view, it is important to study the specific “northern” hormone metabolic profile of the body during critical (autumn and winter) periods in apparently healthy individuals born and living in the North.The aim of the work. To study the main parameters of carbohydrate metabolism, as well as possible causes of its disorders in the dynamics of autumn and winter periods in men living in the North.Materials and methods. The autumn (October) and winter (December) stages of the study included 45 men (mean age 40.0 ± 0.8 years) permanently residing in the Magadan Region. We used chemiluminescent immunoassay, enzymatic method and immunochromatographic assay.Results of the study. It was found that the average values of carbohydrate metabolism parameters in the examined male northern residents are comparable with the standard ranges with a shift towards higher values relative to the established limits and do not meet the main criteria of the “polar metabolic type”. “Polar metabolic type” is characterized by hypoglycemia and hypoinsulinemia against the background of elevated serum cortisol values. It is shown that during the critical period of the year from October to December (temperature transition through zero) against the background of relative “hypercortisolism”, activation of the insular apparatus of the pancreas is observed, accompanied by an increase in the insulin level, as well as the development of insulin resistance in the absence of compensatory secretion of β-cells of the pancreas. At the same time, the presence of signs of insulin resistance in northern male residents in the winter period may be determined by an imbalance towards greater dominance of the sympathetic nervous system, formed as a response to the critical period of the year.Conclusion. The obtained results indicate the formation of a transformed “northern” hormone metabolic profile of the body of a modern resident of the North, which should be considered as a certain adaptive response to the modern modification of the socio-economic lifestyle of northern residents (hypodynamia, overeating, etc.).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>углеводный обмен</kwd><kwd>кортизол</kwd><kwd>индекс напряжения</kwd><kwd>гормонально-метаболический профиль</kwd><kwd>сезонная динамика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>carbohydrate metabolism</kwd><kwd>cortisol</kwd><kwd>stress index</kwd><kwd>hormone metabolic profile</kwd><kwd>seasonal dynamics</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена за счёт бюджетного финансирования Федерального государственного бюджетного учреждения науки Научно-исследовательского центра «Арктика» Дальневосточного отделения Российской академии наук в рамках выполнения темы «Изучение межсистемных и внутрисистемных механизмов реакций в формировании функциональных адаптивных резервов организма человека «северного типа» на разных этапах онтогенеза лиц, проживающих в дискомфортных и экстремальных условиях с определением интегральных информативных индексов здоровья» (регистрационный номер АААА-А21-121010690002-2).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бойко Е.Р., Ларсен Т., Бичкаева Ф.А. Влияние продолжительности пребывания на севере на липидный профиль сыворотки крови во время полярной ночи. Физиология человека. 1997; 23(3): 75.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boyko ER, Larsen T, Bichkaeva FA. Effect of duration of stay in the north on serum lipid profile during polar night. Human Physiology. 1997; 23(3): 75. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мартынова Н.А. Нарушения неспецифических защитных реакций организма при воздействии климатических и техногенных факторов Европейского Севера. Архангельск: Изд-во АГМА; 1998.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Martynova NA. Disorders in non-specific protective reactions of the body under the influence of climatic and anthropogenic factors of the European North. Arkhangelsk: AGMA Publishing House; 1998. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рощевский М.П., Евдокимов В.Г., Варламова Н.Г., Рогачевская О.В. Сезонные и социальные влияния на кардиореспираторную систему жителей Севера. Физиология человека. 1995; 21(6): 55-69.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roshchevsky MP, Evdokimov VG, Varlamova NG, Rogachevskaya OV. Seasonal and social effects on the cardiorespiratory system of residents of the North. Human Physiology. 1995; 21(6): 55-69. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Averyanova IV, Vdovenko SI. Peculiarities of morphological and functional characteristics of residents of the North-East of Russia, depending on background meteorological and heliomagnetic indices. Cardiometry. 2018; 12: 55-65 doi: 10.12710/cardiometry.2018.12.5565</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Averyanova IV, Vdovenko SI. Peculiarities of morphological and functional characteristics of residents of the North-East of Russia, depending on background meteorological and heliomagnetic indices. Cardiometry. 2018; 12: 55-65 doi: 10.12710/cardiometry.2018.12.5565</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Matthews DR, Hosker JP, Rudenski AS. Homeostasis model assessment: Insulin resistance and β-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentration in man. Diabetologia. 1985; 28: 412-419. doi: 10.1007/bf00280883</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Matthews DR, Hosker JP, Rudenski AS. Homeostasis model assessment: Insulin resistance and β-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentration in man. Diabetologia. 1985; 28: 412-419. doi: 10.1007/bf00280883</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vardeny O, Gupta DK, Claggett B, Burke S, Shah A, Loehret L, et al. Insulin resistance and incident heart failure. JACC Heart Fail. 2013; 1(6): 531-536. doi: 10.1016/j.jchf.2013.07.006</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vardeny O, Gupta DK, Claggett B, Burke S, Shah A, Loehret L, et al. Insulin resistance and incident heart failure. JACC Heart Fail. 2013; 1(6): 531-536. doi: 10.1016/j.jchf.2013.07.006</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bonora E, Targher G, Alberiche M. Homeostasis model assessment closely mirrors the glucose clamp technique in the assessment of insulin sensitivity: studies in subjects with various degrees of glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Diabetes Care. 2000; 23: 57-63. doi: 10.2337/diacare.23.1.57</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bonora E, Targher G, Alberiche M. Homeostasis model assessment closely mirrors the glucose clamp technique in the assessment of insulin sensitivity: studies in subjects with various degrees of glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Diabetes Care. 2000; 23: 57-63. doi: 10.2337/diacare.23.1.57</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wallace TM, Levy JC, Matthews DR. Use and abuse of HOMA modeling. Diabetes Care. 2004; 27(6): 1487-1495. doi: 10.2337/diacare.27.6.1487</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wallace TM, Levy JC, Matthews DR. Use and abuse of HOMA modeling. Diabetes Care. 2004; 27(6): 1487-1495. doi: 10.2337/diacare.27.6.1487</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">WHO European Regional Obesity Report 2022. Copenhagen, Denmark: 2022. URL: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/353747.pdf [date of access: 05.05.2023.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">WHO European Regional Obesity Report 2022. Copenhagen, Denmark: 2022. URL: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/353747.pdf [date of access: 05.05.2023.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pluta W, Dudzińska W, Lubkowska A. Metabolic obesity in people with normal body weight (MONW) – Review of diagnostic criteria. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022; 19(2): 624. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19020624</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pluta W, Dudzińska W, Lubkowska A. Metabolic obesity in people with normal body weight (MONW) – Review of diagnostic criteria. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022; 19(2): 624. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19020624</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McAuley KA, Williams SM, Mann JI. Diagnosing insulin resistance in the general population. Diabetes Care. 2011; 24(3): 460-464. doi: 10.2337/diacare.24.3.460</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McAuley KA, Williams SM, Mann JI. Diagnosing insulin resistance in the general population. Diabetes Care. 2011; 24(3): 460-464. doi: 10.2337/diacare.24.3.460</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Панин Л.Е. Энергетические аспекты адаптации. Л.: Медицина; 1978.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Panin LE. Energy aspects of adaptation. Leningrad: Meditsina; 1978. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бойко Е.Р. Физиолого-биохимические основы жизнедеятельности человека на Севере. Екатеринбург: Уральское отделение РАН; 2005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boyko ER. Physiological and biochemical foundations of human life in the North. Ekaterinburg: Ural Branch of the RAS; 2005. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бичкаева Ф.А., Коваленко Т.Б., Бичкаев А.А., Шенгоф Б.А., Третьякова Т.В. Возрастные изменения уровня глюкозы, проинсулина и инсулина в крови у жителей Российской Арктики. Экология человека. 2021; 4: 30-39.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bichkaeva FA, Kovalenko TB, Bichkaev AA, Shengof BA, Tretyakova TV. Age-related changes in blood concentrations of glucose, proinsulin and insulin among residents of the Russian Arctic. Human Ecology. 2021; 4: 30-39. (In Russ.). doi: 10.33396 /1728-0869-2021-4-30-39</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Панин Л.Е. Детерминантные системы в физике, химии, биологии. Новосибирск: Сибирское университетское издательство; 2006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Panin LE. Determinant systems in physics, chemistry, biology. Novosibirsk: Siberian University Press; 2006. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бичкаева Ф.А., Власова О.С., Шенгоф Б.А., Бичкаев А.А., Нестерова Е.В., Волкова Н.И. Возрастные изменения концентрации глюкозы, её метаболитов и активности аминотрансфераз у женщин и мужчин зрелого и пожилого возраста. Экология человека. 2022; 29(3): 187-197.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bichkaeva FA, Vlasova OS, Shengof BA, Bichkaev AA, Nesterova EV, Volkova NI. Age-related changes in the glucose level, its metabolites, and aminotransferases activity in women and men of mature and elderly age. Human Ecology. 2022; 29(3): 187-197. (In Russ.). doi: 10.17816/humeco71477</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Потеряева О.Н., Осипова Л.П., Русских Г.С., Биушкина Н.Г., Розуменко А.А., Чуркина Т.В., и др. Анализ содержания инсулина, кортизола и глюкозы в сыворотке крови поселковых жителей Ямало-Ненецкого автономного округа. Физиология человека. 2017; 43(6): 103-108.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Poteryaeva ON, Osipova LP, Russkikh GS, Biushkina NG, Rozumenko AA, Churkina TV, et al. Analysis of serum insulin, cortisol, and glucose levels in the settlement inhabitants of the Yamalo-Nenets autonomous okrug. Human Physiology. 2017; 43(6): 103-108. (In Russ.). doi: 10.7868/S013116461706008X</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Корчина Т.Я., Сухарева А.С., Корчин В.И., Лапенко В.В. Обеспеченность витамином D женщин Тюменского Севера. Экология человека. 2019; 26(5): 31-36.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Korchina TYa, Sukhareva AS, Korchin VI, Lapenko VV. Serum concentrations of vitamin D in women living in the Tyumen North. Human Ecology. 2019; 26(5): 31-36. (In Russ.). doi: 10.33396/1728-0869-2019-5-31-36</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arunagiri A, Leena H, Pottekat A, Pamenan F, Kim S, Zeltser LM, et al. Proinsulin misfolding is an early event in the progression to type 2 diabetes. eLife. 2019; 8: 1323-1325. doi: 10.7554/eLife.44532</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arunagiri A, Leena H, Pottekat A, Pamenan F, Kim S, Zeltser LM, et al. Proinsulin misfolding is an early event in the progression to type 2 diabetes. eLife. 2019; 8: 1323-1325. doi: 10.7554/eLife.44532</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fruehwald-Schultes B, Kern W, Born J, Fehm HL, Peters A. Hyperinsulinemia causes activation of the hypothalamuspituitary-adrenal axis in humans. Int J Obesity. 2001; 25(1): 38-40. doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0801695</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fruehwald-Schultes B, Kern W, Born J, Fehm HL, Peters A. Hyperinsulinemia causes activation of the hypothalamuspituitary-adrenal axis in humans. Int J Obesity. 2001; 25(1): 38-40. doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0801695</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kuroe A, Fukushima M, Usami M, Ikeda M, Nakai Y, Taniguchi A, et al. Impaired B-cell function and insulin sensitivity in Japanese subjects with normal glucose tolerance. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2003; 59: 71-77. doi: 10.1016/s0168-8227(02)00177-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuroe A, Fukushima M, Usami M, Ikeda M, Nakai Y, Taniguchi A, et al. Impaired B-cell function and insulin sensitivity in Japanese subjects with normal glucose tolerance. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2003; 59: 71-77. doi: 10.1016/s0168-8227(02)00177-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Панин Л.Е. Гомеостаз и проблемы приполярной медицины (методологические аспекты адаптации). Бюллетень СО РАМН. 2010; 3(3): 6-11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Panin LE. Homeostasis and problems of circumpolar health (methodological aspects of adaptation). The Bulletin of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. 2010; 3(3): 6-11. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шварева Н.В., Бартош Т.П. Регуляция углеводного обмена у человека на Севере. Физиология человека. 1993; 19(4): 127.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shvareva NV, Bartosh TP. Regulation of carbohydrate metabolism in people living in the North. Human Physiology. 1993; 19(4): 127. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Агаджанян Н.А., Радыш И.В., Хисамутдинов А.Ф. Липидный и гормональный обмен у здоровых мужчин в различные сезоны года. Казанский медицинский журнал. 2009; 6: 776-779.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Agadzhanyan NA, Radysh IV, Khisamutdinov AF. Lipid and hormone metabolism in healthy men in different year seasons. Kazan Medical Journal. 2009; 6: 776–779. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Влощинский П.Е., Колпаков А.Р. Структура питания и толерантность к глюкозе у жителей Севера. Техника и технология пищевых производств. 2011; 3(22): 17-21.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vloshchinskiy PE, Kolpakov AR. Dietary patterns and glucose tolerance in northern residents. Food Processing: Techniques and Technology. 2011; 3(22): 17-21. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Догадин С.А., Ноздрачев К.Г., Крижановская Е.В., Манчук В.Т. Содержание инсулина, С-пептида и кортизола в динамике теста толерантности к глюкозе у коренных и пришлых жителей Крайнего Севера. Проблемы эндокринологии. 1997; 43(2): 7-10.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dogadin SA, Nozdrachev KG, Krizhanovskaya YeV, Manchuk VT. Levels of insulin, C-peptide, and hydrocortisone in the course of glucose tolerance test in indigenous population of the Extreme North and in newcomers. Problems of Endocrinology. 1997; 43(2): 7-10. (In Russ.). doi: 10.14341/probl19974327-10</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хаснулин В.И., Хаснулина А.В. Особенности психоэмоционального стресса у жителей регионов севера и Сибири с дискомфортным климатом при высоком и низком содержании гормонов стресса в крови. Мир науки, культуры, образования. 2012; 5(36): 32-35.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hasnulin VI, Hasnulina AV. Features of emotional stress in the residents of the North and Siberian regions with discomfortable climate at high or low content of hormones in the blood. The World of Science, Culture and Education. 2012; 5(36): 32-35. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Волкова Н.И., Бичкаева Ф.А. Анализ содержания кортизола и глюкозы в сыворотке крови у жителей арктического и приарктического регионов Севера зрелого возраста. Глобальные проблемы Арктики и Антарктики: Сборник научных материалов Всероссийской конференции с международным участием, посвящённой 90-летию со дня рождения академика Николая Павловича Лавёрова. 2020: 956-961.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Volkova NI, Bichkaeva FA. Analysis of the content of cortisol and glucose in the blood serum of mature residents of the Arctic and Subarctic regions of the North. Global Problems of the Arctic and Antarctic: Proceedings of the All-Russian conference with international participation dedicated to the 90th anniversary of Academician Nikolai Pavlovich Laverov. 2020: 956-961. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sapolsky RM, Romero LM, Munck AU. How do glucocorticoids influence stress responses? Integrating permissive, suppressive, stimulatory, and preparative action. Endocrine Rew. 2000; 21: 55. doi: 10.1210/edrv.21.1.0389</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sapolsky RM, Romero LM, Munck AU. How do glucocorticoids influence stress responses? Integrating permissive, suppressive, stimulatory, and preparative action. Endocrine Rew. 2000; 21: 55. doi: 10.1210/edrv.21.1.0389</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kamba A, Daimon M, Murakami H, Otaka H, Matsuki K, Sato E. Association between higher serum cortisol levels and decreased insulin secretion in a general population. PLoS One. 2016; 11(11): e0166077. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166077</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kamba A, Daimon M, Murakami H, Otaka H, Matsuki K, Sato E. Association between higher serum cortisol levels and decreased insulin secretion in a general population. PLoS One. 2016; 11(11): e0166077. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166077</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Björntorp P, Rosmond R. Neuroendocrine abnormalities in visceral obesity. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2000; 24(2): S80-S85. doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0801285</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Björntorp P, Rosmond R. Neuroendocrine abnormalities in visceral obesity. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2000; 24(2): S80-S85. doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0801285</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rosmond R, Björntorp P. Blood pressure in relation to obesity, insulin and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in Swedish men. J Hypertens. 1998; 16(12 Pt 1): 1721-1726. doi: 10.1097/00004872-199816120-00003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rosmond R, Björntorp P. Blood pressure in relation to obesity, insulin and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in Swedish men. J Hypertens. 1998; 16(12 Pt 1): 1721-1726. doi: 10.1097/00004872-199816120-00003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Севостьянова Е.В. Особенности липидного и углеводного метаболизма человека на Севере (литературный обзор). Бюллетень сибирской медицины. 2013; 12(1): 93-100.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sevostyanova YeV. Some features of human lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in the North. Bulletin of Siberian Medicine. 2013; 12(1): 93-100. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Simova I, Christov I, Bortolan G. A review on electrocardiographic changes in diabetic patients. Curr Diabetes Rev. 2015; 11(2): 102-106. doi: 10.2174/1573399811666150113161417</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Simova I, Christov I, Bortolan G. A review on electrocardiographic changes in diabetic patients. Curr Diabetes Rev. 2015; 11(2): 102-106. doi: 10.2174/1573399811666150113161417</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Martinez-Sanchez N, Sweeney O, Sidarta-Oliveira D, Caron A, Stanley SA, Domingos AI. The sympathetic nervous system in the 21st century: Neuroimmune interactions in metabolic homeostasis and obesity. Neuron. 2022; 110(21): 3597-3626. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.10.017</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Martinez-Sanchez N, Sweeney O, Sidarta-Oliveira D, Caron A, Stanley SA, Domingos AI. The sympathetic nervous system in the 21st century: Neuroimmune interactions in metabolic homeostasis and obesity. Neuron. 2022; 110(21): 3597-3626. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.10.017</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
