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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">actabiomedica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Acta Biomedica Scientifica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Acta Biomedica Scientifica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-9420</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9596</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29413/ABS.2024-9.5.10</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">actabiomedica-5038</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИНФЕКЦИОННЫЕ БОЛЕЗНИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INFECTIOUS DISEASES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Иммунный статус у женщин после COVID-19, проживающих в субарктическом регионе</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Immune status in women after COVID-19 living in the subarctic region</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4900-4021</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щёголева</surname><given-names>Л. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shchegoleva</surname><given-names>L. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Щёголева Любовь Станиславовна – доктор биологических наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник, заведующая лабораторией физиологии иммунокомпетентных клеток</p><p>163020, г. Архангельск, просп. Никольский, 20</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Liubov S. Shchegoleva – Dr. Sc. (Biol.), Professor, Chief Research Officer, Head of the Laboratory of Physiology of Immunocompetent Cells</p><p>Nikolsky Ave. 20, Arkhangelsk 163020</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shchegoleva60@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1735-6690</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шашкова</surname><given-names>Е. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shashkova</surname><given-names>E. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шашкова Елизавета Юрьевна – кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории физиологии иммунокомпетентных клеток</p><p>163020, г. Архангельск, просп. Никольский, 20</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elizaveta Yu. Shashkova – Cand. Sc. (Biol.), Research Officer at the Laboratory of Physiology of Immunocompetent Cells</p><p>Nikolsky Ave. 20, Arkhangelsk 163020</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">eli1255@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2330-7123</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каббани</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kabbani</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Каббани Мохаммад Сохиб – научный сотрудник лаборатории физиологии иммунокомпетентных клеток</p><p>163020, г. Архангельск, просп. Никольский, 20</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mohammad S. Kabbani – Research Officer at the Laboratory of Physiology of Immunocompetent Cells</p><p>Nikolsky Ave. 20, Arkhangelsk 163020</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sohibmsk@hotmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6117-0562</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филиппова</surname><given-names>О. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Filippova</surname><given-names>O. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Филиппова Оксана Евгеньевна – кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории физиологии иммунокомпетентных клеток</p><p>163020, г. Архангельск, просп. Никольский, 20</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oksana E. Filippova – Cand. Sc. (Biol.), Research Officer at the Laboratory of Physiology of Immunocompetent Cells</p><p>Nikolsky Ave. 20, Arkhangelsk 163020</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">oxana_filippova_85@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН «Федеральный исследовательский центр комплексного изучения Арктики имени академика Н.П. Лаверова УрО РАН»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>96</fpage><lpage>106</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Щёголева Л.С., Шашкова Е.Ю., Каббани М.С., Филиппова О.Е., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Щёголева Л.С., Шашкова Е.Ю., Каббани М.С., Филиппова О.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shchegoleva L.S., Shashkova E.Y., Kabbani M.S., Filippova O.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/5038">https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/5038</self-uri><abstract><p>Обоснование. Известно, что Т-клеточный иммунитет играет центральную роль в контроле инфекции SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2), поэтому крайне важно понимать его значение при восстановлении после COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019), особенно в неблагоприятных условиях Севера.Цель исследования. Оценить состояние иммунного статуса у женщин после COVID-19, проживающих в субарктическом регионе Российской Федерации.Материалы и методы. Обследовано 50 женщин в возрасте 36–46 лет, из которых 38 вакцинированных женщин, переболевших COVID-19, спустя 6 и 12 месяцев после выздоровления, и 12 женщин (контроль), не болевших COVID-19 и не вакцинированных (Архангельская область). Изучали количество лейкоцитов, лейкограмму и фенотипы лимфоцитов (CD5+, CD8+, CD10+, CD16+, CD95+).Результаты. Вклад моноцитов в формирование адаптивной иммунной реакции среди жительниц субарктического региона снижается у перенёсших COVID-19 лёгкой степени тяжести и увеличивается у перенёсших COVID-19 средней степени тяжести. Установлено, что дисбаланс в формировании иммунного ответа после COVID-19 формируется за счёт врождённого иммунитета (CD16+, нейтрофилы (r = 0,89; p &lt; 0,001)), оказывает влияние на адаптивный иммунитет и зависит от степени тяжести перенесённого заболевания и срока после выздоровления. Наиболее значительный вклад в формирование адаптивного иммунного ответа установлен за счёт клеточно-опосредованной цитотоксичности (CD8+, CD16+) и активности процессов апоптоза (CD95+) как через 6, так и через 12 месяцев и не зависит от степени тяжести перенесённого заболевания COVID-19. Сформировавшийся через 6 месяцев после перенесённого COVID-19 адаптивный иммунный ответ с высоким уровнем клеточно-опосредованной цитотоксичности и активности процессов апоптоза, превалирующих над лимфопролиферацией, сохраняется и через 12 месяцев, что характеризует состояние иммунного гомеостаза как напряжённое.Заключение. У обследованных женщин, переболевших COVID-19, клеточно-опосредованная цитотоксичность (CD8+, CD16+) ассоциирована с активацией моноцитарной системы, имеет пролонгированное действие до 12 месяцев и зависит от тяжести перенесённого заболевания COVID-19 в 66,7–90 % случаев.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background. T cell immunity is known to play a central role in controlling SARSCoV- 2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2) infection, so it is critical to understand its role in recovery from COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019), especially in the unfavorable conditions of the North.The aim. To assess the immune status of women after COVID-19 living in the subarctic region of the Russian Federation.Materials and methods. We examined a total of 50 women aged 36–46 years, including 38 vaccinated women 6 and 12 months after recovery from COVID-19 and 12 women (control group) who had not had COVID-19 and had not been vaccinated (Arkhangelsk region). We studied leukocyte count, leukogram and lymphocyte phenotypes (CD5+, CD8+, CD10+, CD16+, CD95+).Results. The contribution of monocytes to the formation of the adaptive immune response among female residents of the subarctic region decreases in those who have had mild COVID-19 and increases in those who have had moderate COVID-19. It was found that the imbalance in the formation of the immune response after COVID-19 is formed due to innate immunity (CD16+, neutrophils (r = 0.89; p &lt; 0.001)), affects the adaptive immunity and depends on the severity of the disease and the time since recovery. The most significant contribution to the formation of the adaptive immune response was established due to cellmediated cytotoxicity (CD8+, CD16+) and the activity of apoptotic processes (CD95+) both after 6 and 12 months and does not depend on the severity of the COVID-19. The adaptive immune response formed 6 months after COVID-19 with a high level of cell-mediated cytotoxicity and activity of apoptotic processes prevailing over lymphoproliferation persists after 12 months, which indicates a tense state of immune homeostasis.Conclusion. In the examined women who had recovered from COVID-19, cellmediated cytotoxicity (CD8+, CD16+) is associated with the activation of the monocyte system, has a prolonged effect of up to 12 months and depends on the severity of the previous COVID-19 in 66.7–90 % of cases.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Север</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>цитотоксические лимфоциты</kwd><kwd>иммунные дисбалансы</kwd><kwd>субарктический регион</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>North</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>cytotoxic lymphocytes</kwd><kwd>immune imbalance</kwd><kwd>subarctic region</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке государственного задания «Физиологическая значимость особенностей иммунного гомеостаза, функциональной и рецепторной активности иммунокомпетентных клеток у людей в экстремальных меняющихся условиях среды с учётом профессионального статуса и социально-значимых заболеваний у жителей Приарктического региона» (№ государственной регистрации 122011700267-5).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Курзанов А.Н., Заболотских Н.В., Ковалев Д.В. 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