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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">actabiomedica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Acta Biomedica Scientifica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Acta Biomedica Scientifica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-9420</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9596</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29413/ABS.2024-9.4.12</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">actabiomedica-4951</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОНКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ONCOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Современные представления о патогенезе остеопороза при хроническом лимфолейкозе (обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Current ideas on the pathogenesis of osteoporosis in chronic lymphatic leukemia (literature review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6487-9083</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Осиков</surname><given-names>М. B.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Osikov</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Осиков Михаил Владимирович – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой патофизиологии, ФГБОУВО «Южно-Уральский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России; руководитель научного отдела, ГБУЗ «Челябинская областная клиническая больница»</p><p>454092, г. Челябинск, ул. Воровского, 64; 454048, г. Челябинск, ул. Воровского, 70</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail V. Osikov – Dr. Sc. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Pathophysiology, South Ural State Medical University; Head of the Scientific Department, Chelyabinsk Regional Clinical Hospital</p><p>Vorovskogo str. 64, Chelyabinsk 454092; Vorovskogo str. 70, Chelyabinsk 454076</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">prof.osikov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7241-1325</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коробкин</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korobkin</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Коробкин Егор Александрович – ассистент кафедры патофизиологии, ФГБОУ ВО «Южно-Уральский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России; врач-гематолог, ГБУЗ «Челябинская областная клиническая больница»</p><p>454092, г. Челябинск, ул. Воровского, 64; 454048, г. Челябинск, ул. Воровского, 70</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Egor A. Korobkin – Teaching Assistant at the Department of Pathophysiology, South Ural State Medical University; Hematologist, Chelyabinsk Regional Clinical Hospital</p><p>Vorovskogo str. 64, Chelyabinsk 454092; Vorovskogo str. 70, Chelyabinsk 454076</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">doktore77@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2224-5175</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федосов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedosov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>e-mail: doktore77@yandex.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7241-1325</p><p>Федосов Алексей Анатольевич – кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры гистологии, цитологии и эмбриологии</p><p>117198, г. Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksey A. Fedosov – Cand. Sc. (Med.), Associate Professor at the Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology</p><p>Miklukho-Maklaya str. 6, Moscow 117198</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fedosov.76@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7951-0040</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Синеглазова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sineglazova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Синеглазова Альбина Владимировна – доктор медицинских наук, доцент, заведующая кафедрой поликлинической терапии и общей врачебной практики</p><p>420012, г. Казань, ул. Бутлерова, 49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Albina V. Sineglazova – Dr. Sc. (Med.), Docent, Head of the Department of Outpatient Therapy and General Medical Practice</p><p>Butlerova str. 49, Kazan 420012</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sineglazovaav@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Южно-Уральский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России; &#13;
ГБУЗ «Челябинская областная клиническая больница»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>South Ural State Medical University; &#13;
Chelyabinsk Regional Clinical Hospital</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Казанский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>100</fpage><lpage>107</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Осиков М.B., Коробкин Е.А., Федосов А.А., Синеглазова А.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Осиков М.B., Коробкин Е.А., Федосов А.А., Синеглазова А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Osikov M.V., Korobkin E.A., Fedosov A.A., Sineglazova A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/4951">https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/4951</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Хронический лимфоцитарный лейкоз (ХЛЛ) – второй по распространённости гемобластоз без тенденции к снижению заболеваемости. У 66 % пациентов с ХЛЛ наблюдаются переломы костей в результате остеопороза (ОП) во всех возрастных группах, а выявляемость составляет не более 15 %. Недостаточное понимание патогенеза ОП при ХЛЛ приводит к проблемам в диагностике, профилактике и терапии.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Провести анализ современных данных об особенностях патогенеза остеопороза при хроническом лимфоцитарном лейкозе.</p><p>Результаты и их обсуждение. ОП формируется при превалировании остеорезорбции над остеосинтезом за счёт межклеточных взаимодействий костной ткани и иммунной системы, дизрегуляции внутриклеточных сигнальных путей RANKL/RANK/OPG, Wnt, FoxO, RUNX2, инициированных цитокинами, факторами роста, простагландинами, гормонами. Степень остеорезорбции при ХЛЛ ассоциирована с тяжестью клинического течения, химиотерапией и гормональной депривацией. Патогенез ОП при ХЛЛ рассматривается как часть сложного комплекса событий, включающего, во-первых, взаимодействие между лейкемическими клетками (гиперэкспрессия PTHrP, RANKL) и клетками костной ткани (синтез факторов роста), что приводит к формированию порочного круга остеорезорбции и роста опухоли. Во-вторых, провоспалительные маркеры при ХЛЛ (фактор некроза опухоли α, интерлейкин (IL) 1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-11, гранулоцитарно-макрофагальный колониестимулирующий фактор, макрофагальный колониестимулирующий фактор, трансформирующий фактор роста β, простагландин E2) ограничивают остеобластоиндуцированный остеосинтез и стимулируют экспансию остеокластов из моноцитарных супрессорных клеток миелоидного происхождения при участии или независимо от системы RANKL/ RANK. В-третьих, окислительный стресс при ХЛЛ и нарушение эффективности антиокислительной защиты при участии фактора роста фибробластов 23, транскрипционного фактора Nrf-2 с активацией JNK, ERK1/2, NF-κB, увеличение соотношения RANKL/OPG приводят к ингибированию остеобластогенеза.</p></sec><sec><title>Вывод</title><p>Вывод. Анализ и систематизация данных о патогенезе ОП при ХЛЛ являются предпосылкой для разработки востребованных в клинической практике диагностических критериев ОП при ХЛЛ и модернизации терапевтической тактики.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the second most common hematological malignancy without a trend towards a decrease in its incidence. 66 % of patients with CLL experience bone fractures as a result of osteoporosis in all age groups, and the detection frequency is no more than 15 %. Insufficient understanding of the osteoporosis pathogenesis in CLL leads to problems in diagnosis, prevention and therapy.</p></sec><sec><title>The aim of the study</title><p>The aim of the study. To analyze modern data on the features of the osteoporosis pathogenesis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. Osteoporosis is formed when osteoresorption prevails over osteosynthesis due to intercellular interactions of bone tissue and the immune system, dysregulation of intracellular signaling pathways RANKL/RANK/OPG, Wnt, FoxO, RUNX2, initiated by cytokines, growth factors, prostaglandins, and hormones. The degree of osteoresorption in CLL is associated with the severity of the clinical course, chemotherapy and hormonal deprivation. The osteoporosis pathogenesis in CLL is considered as part of a complex set of events, including, firstly, the interaction between leukemic cells (overexpression of PTHrP, RANKL) and bone cells (synthesis of growth factors), which forms a vicious circle of osteoresorption and tumor growth. Secondly, pro-inflammatory markers in CLL (tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin (IL) 1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-11, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, transforming growth factor β, prostaglandin E2) limit osteoblast-induced osteosynthesis and stimulate the expansion of osteoclasts from monocytic suppressor cells of myeloid origin with or without the participation of the RANKL/RANK system. Thirdly, oxidative stress in CLL and impaired efficiency of antioxidant protection with the participation of fibroblast growth factor 23, transcription factor Nrf-2 with activation of JNK, ERK1/2, NF-κB, and also an increase in the RANKL/OPG ratio lead to inhibition of osteoblastogenesis.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Analyzing and systematizing data on the osteoporosis pathogenesis in CLL are instrumental for the development of diagnostic criteria for osteoporosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia that are much-needed in clinical practice and for the improvement of therapeutic tactics.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хронический лимфоцитарный лейкоз</kwd><kwd>остеопороз</kwd><kwd>патогенез</kwd><kwd>ремоделирование</kwd><kwd>окислительный стресс</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chronic lymphocytic leukemia</kwd><kwd>osteoporosis</kwd><kwd>pathogenesis</kwd><kwd>remodeling</kwd><kwd>oxidative stress</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Никитин Е.А., Бялик Т.Е., Зарицкий А.Ю., Исебер Л., Капланов К.Д., Лопаткина Т.Н. и др. Хронический лимфоцитарный лейкоз/лимфома из малых лимфоцитов. Клинические рекомендации. 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