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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">actabiomedica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Acta Biomedica Scientifica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Acta Biomedica Scientifica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-9420</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9596</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29413/ABS.2025-10.3.20</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">actabiomedica-4884</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФТИЗИАТРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHTHISIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Состояние микробиоты дыхательных путей у больных туберкулезом органов дыхания: обзор литературы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The state of the microbiota of the respiratory tract in patients with tuberculosis of the respiratory system: literature review</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5233-3515</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каюкова</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kayukova</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Каюкова Светлана Ивановна – доктор медицинских наук, профессор </p><p>117997, г. Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana I. Kayukova – Dr. Sc. (Med.), Professor </p><p>Ostrovityanova str., 1, Moscow 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kajukovalnp@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0637-7955</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильева</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasilyeva</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Васильева Ирина Анатольевна – доктор медицинских наук, профессор; директор, главный фтизиатр Минздрава России, заведующий кафедрой, фтизиатрии ИКМ </p><p>117997, г. Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1;127473 г. Москва, ул. Достоевского, дом 4, корпус 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina A. Vasilyeva – Dr. Sc. (Med.), Professor, Director, Chief phthisiologist of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Head of the Department of phthisiology </p><p>Ostrovityanova str., 1, Moscow 117997;Dostoevsky str., 4, building 1, Moscow 127473</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vasil39@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5102-2975</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Миронов</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mironov</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Миронов Никита Сергеевич – старший лаборант кафедры фтизиатрии Института клинической медицины </p><p>117997, г. Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikita S. Mironov – senior laboratory assistant at the Department of phthisiology of the Phthisiology Institute of Clinical Medicine </p><p>Ostrovityanova str., 1, Moscow 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nsmironov.doc@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6107-5880</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гугуева</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gugueva</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гугуева Екатерина Андреевна – студент лечебного факультета </p><p>119991, г. Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, строение 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina A. Gugueva – student of the Faculty of Medicine </p><p>Trubetskaya str., 8, building 2, Moscow 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">katya.guguewa@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4224-6060</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шаркова</surname><given-names>Т. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sharkova</surname><given-names>T. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шаркова Татьяна Ивановна – кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры фтизиатрии Института клинической медицины </p><p>117997, г. Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana I. Sharkova – Cand. Sc. (Med.), Associate Professor of the Department of Phthisiology at the Institute of Clinical Medicine </p><p>Ostrovityanova str., 1, Moscow 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tisharkova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8951-5219</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Синицын</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sinitsyn</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Синицын Михаил Валерьевич – доктор медицинских наук, заместитель главного врача по хирургии, торакальный хирург; профессор кафедры фтизиатрии Института клинической медицины </p><p>117997, г. Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1;127473 г. Москва, ул. Достоевского, дом 4, корпус 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail V. Sinitsyn – Dr. Sc. (Med.), Deputy Chief Physician for Surgery, thoracic surgeon; Professor of the Department of Phthisiology at the Institute of Clinical Medicine </p><p>Ostrovityanova str., 1, Moscow 117997;Dostoevsky str., 4, building 1, Moscow 127473</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">msinitsyn@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian National Research Medical University named after N. I. Pirogov of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России;&#13;
Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр фтизиопульмонологии и инфекционных заболеваний» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian National Research Medical University named after N. I. Pirogov of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation;&#13;
National Medical Research Center of Phthisiopulmonology and Infectious Diseases of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И. М. Сеченова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>191</fpage><lpage>200</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Каюкова С.И., Васильева И.А., Миронов Н.С., Гугуева Е.А., Шаркова Т.И., Синицын М.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Каюкова С.И., Васильева И.А., Миронов Н.С., Гугуева Е.А., Шаркова Т.И., Синицын М.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kayukova S.I., Vasilyeva I.A., Mironov N.S., Gugueva E.A., Sharkova T.I., Sinitsyn M.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/4884">https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/4884</self-uri><abstract><p>Обоснование. Туберкулез является одним из ведущих инфекционных заболеваний, уносящих ежегодно миллионы жизней. В РФ за последние 10 лет отмечается стабильное снижение заболеваемости и смертности от туберкулеза. Эффективность лечения туберкулеза органов дыхания зависит от генетики и иммунологии хозяина, факторов окружающей среды, лекарственной устойчивости возбудителя (МЛУ/ШЛУ), наличия сопутствующей коморбидной патологии (ТБ/ВИЧ). Состояние микробиоты дыхательной системы при туберкулезе является важным, но мало изученным фактором. Цель обзора. Изучение данных мировой литературы о микробном разнообразии в дыхательной системе у больных туберкулезом органов дыхания с применением методов метагеномного анализа. Методы. Проведены поиск и анализ литературных источников в международных и отечественных базах (Google Scholar, PubMed, eLibrary) за период 2018–2023 гг. Обсуждение. Для оценки микробиоты респираторного тракта наиболее успешно применяют методы метагеномного секвенирования для исследования видового разнообразия разных отделов респираторного тракта – секвенирование 16s рРНК. Доказано, что нарушение микробиоценоза респираторного тракта, а именно формирование дисбиоза на фоне персистирующей туберкулезной инфекции, может способствовать развитию бронхо–легочных осложнений. В настоящее время отмечается большое разнообразие микроорганизмов, населяющих дыхательные пути больных туберкулезом органов дыхания, при этом не установлены маркеры легочного дисбиоза. Изменения микробиоты респираторной системы зависят от ряда факторов: наличия/отсутствия бактериовыделения, чувствительности/устойчивости возбудителя туберкулеза к антибактериальным препаратам, режима химиотерапии и др. Заключение. Состав микробиоты респираторного тракта у больных туберкулезом органов дыхания изучен недостаточно. Имеющиеся исследования разрознены и не носят концептуального характера. Однако, эпидемиологические реалии (пандемии, наличие эндемичных по туберкулезу стран и регионов, тренд на увеличение лекарственно-устойчивых форм туберкулеза, высокая частота бронхо-легочной патологии не специфической этиологии у больных туберкулезом легких) обусловливает необходимость репрезентативных исследований по данной теме.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background. Tuberculosis is one of the leading infectious diseases that claim millions of lives every year. In the Russian Federation, over the past 10 years, there has been a steady decrease in the incidence and mortality from tuberculosis. The effectiveness of the treatment of respiratory tuberculosis depends on the genetics and immunology of the host, environmental factors, drug resistance of the pathogen (MDR/XDR), the presence of concomitant comorbid pathology (TB/HIV). However, the state of the microbiota continues to be poorly studied, but an important factor. The aim. To study the data of the world literature on the state of microbiocenosis of the respiratory tract in patients with tuberculosis of the respiratory system. Methods. The search and analysis of literary sources in international and domestic databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, eLibrary) for the period 2018–2023 were carried out. Discussion. To assess the microbiota of the respiratory tract, the 16s sequencing method of studying the species diversity of microorganisms is most successfully used. It has been proven that a violation of the microbiocenosis of the respiratory tract, namely the formation of dysbiosis against the background of persistent tuberculosis infection, can contribute to the development of bronchopulmonary complications. Currently, there is a wide variety of microorganisms inhabiting the respiratory tract of patients with tuberculosis of the respiratory system, while markers of pulmonary dysbiosis have not been established. Changes in the microbiota of the respiratory system depend on a number of factors: the presence/absence of bacterial release, sensitivity/resistance of the causative agent of tuberculosis to antibacterial drugs, chemotherapy regimen, etc. Conclusion. The composition of the microbiota of the respiratory tract in patients with tuberculosis of the respiratory system has not been studied enough. The available research is fragmented and not conceptual in nature. However, epidemiological realities (pandemics, the presence of tuberculosis–endemic countries and regions, the trend towards an increase in drug-resistant forms of tuberculosis, the high incidence of bronchopulmonary pathology of non-specific etiology in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis) necessitate representative studies on this topic.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>туберкулез легких</kwd><kwd>микробиота легких</kwd><kwd>респираторный тракт</kwd><kwd>химиотерапия</kwd><kwd>микробиом</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>tuberculosis pulmonary</kwd><kwd>microbiota</kwd><kwd>respiratory tract</kwd><kwd>chemotherapy</kwd><kwd>microbiome</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhao L, Luo JL, Ali MK, Spiekerkoetter E, Nicolls MR. The human respiratory microbiome: current understandings and future directions. 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