actabiomedicaActa Biomedica ScientificaActa Biomedica Scientifica2541-94202587-9596Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems10.29413/ABS.2024-9.3.7actabiomedica-4817Research ArticleБИОЛОГИЯ И МЕДИЦИНСКАЯ БИОЛОГИЯBIOLOGY AND MEDICAL BIOLOGYЛиганд-ассоциированная активация рецепторов витамина D и потенциальные точки приложения её эффектов в морфогенезе иммунного воспаления: обзор литературыLigand-associated activation of vitamin D receptors and potential points of application of its effects in the morphogenesis of immune inflammation: Literature reviewhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3665-997XАблякимовЭ. Т.AblyakimovE. T.

Аблякимов Эльмар Тофикович – аспирант, ассистент кафедры патологической анатомии с секционным курсом

295000, г. Симферополь, б-р Ленина, 5-7

Elmar T. Ablyakimov – Postgraduate, Teaching Assistant at the Department of Pathological Anatomy with an Autopsy Course

Lenina Blvd. 5-7, Simferopol 295000

ablyakimov1995@bk.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5193-4311КривенцовМ. А.KriventsovM. A.

Кривенцов Максим Андреевич – доктор медицинских наук, заведующий кафедрой патологической анатомии с секционным курсом

295000, г. Симферополь, б-р Ленина, 5-7

Maxim A. Kriventsov – Dr. Sc. (Med.), Head of the Department of Pathological Anatomy with an Autopsy Course

Lenina Blvd. 5-7, Simferopol 295000

maksimkgmu@mail.ruМедицинский институт имени С.И. Георгиевского, ФГАОУ ВО «Крымский федеральный университет имени В.И. Вернадского»Medical Institute named after S.I. Georgievsky, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University202422072024937989Copyright © Аблякимов Э.Т., Кривенцов М.А., 20242024Аблякимов Э.Т., Кривенцов М.А.Ablyakimov E.T., Kriventsov M.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/4817

Согласно последним данным, витамин D относят к веществам с гормональной активностью, который, помимо классических, имеет «неклассические» эффекты, обусловленные наличием сложной взаимосвязи между витамином D и эффекторными клетками иммунной системы. Данная взаимосвязь обусловлена экспрессией рецептора витамина D (VDR, vitamin D receptor) на иммунных клетках, который кодируется соответствующим геном VDR. Рецептор витамина D специфически связывает активную форму витамина D (1,25(OH)2D3). В результате образуется сложный комплекс D3-VDR, который опосредует эффекты витамина D путём образования внутриклеточных сигнальных путей, трансформирующих активность определённых таргетных генов. При этом до конца не ясно, каким образом витамин D реализует свои эффекты на клеточном и рецепторном уровнях. По данным литературы, исследования последних десятилетий выявили значимую роль витамина D и рецепторов иммунных контрольных точек (PD-1 (programmed cell death), PD-L (PD ligand), CTLA (cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated protein)) в аутоиммунных заболеваниях. В этом обзоре излагаются возможные механизмы взаимосвязи данных путей. Более глубокое понимание межклеточных взаимосвязей опосредованных лиганд-ассоциированной активацией рецепторов витамина D, комплекса D3-VDR и рецепторов иммунных контрольных точек (PD-1, PD-L, CTLA) в воспалении может стать основой для разработки новых стратегий диагностики, прогноза и лечения различных заболеваний.

According to recent data, vitamin D is classified as a substance with hormonal activity, which, in addition to classical, has “non-classical” effects caused by the complex relationship between vitamin D and effector cells of the immune system. This relationship is based on the expression of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) on immune cells, which is encoded by the corresponding VDR gene. Vitamin D receptor specifically binds the active form of vitamin D (1,25(OH)2D3). As a result, a D3-VDR complex is formed, which mediates the effects of vitamin D through the formation of intracellular signaling pathways that transform the activity of certain target genes. However, it is not entirely clear how vitamin D realizes its effects at the cellular and receptor levels. According to the literature, studies of recent decades have revealed a significant role of vitamin D and immune checkpoint receptors (PD-1 (programmed cell death), PD-L (PD ligand), CTLA (cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated protein)) in autoimmune diseases. This review outlines possible mechanisms for the interconnection of these pathways. A deeper understanding of the intercellular interactions mediated by ligand-associated activation of vitamin D receptors, D3-VDR complex and immune checkpoint receptors (PD-1, PD-L, CTLA) in inflammation may become the basis for the development of new strategies for the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of various diseases

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.