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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">actabiomedica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Acta Biomedica Scientifica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Acta Biomedica Scientifica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-9420</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9596</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29413/ABS.2024-9.2.23</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">actabiomedica-4745</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCHES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Взаимосвязь сфинголипидных механизмов с окислительным стрессом и изменениями митохондрий при функциональной разгрузке постуральных мышц</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The relationship of sphingolipid mechanisms with oxidative stress and changes in mitochondria during functional unloading of postural muscles</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4058-8155</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Протопопов</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Protopopov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Протопопов Владимир Алексеевич – аспирант кафедры патологической физиологии и иммунологии.</p><p>426056, Ижевск, ул. Коммунаров, 281</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir A. Protopopov – Postgraduate at the Department of Pathological Physiology and Immunology.</p><p>Kommunarov str. 281, Izhevsk 426056</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vladimirvst@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1592-2927</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Секунов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sekunov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Секунов Алексей Васильевич – ассистент кафедры патологической физиологии и иммунологии.</p><p>426056, Ижевск, ул. Коммунаров, 281</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey V. Sekunov – Teaching Assistant at the Department of Pathological Physiology and Immunology.</p><p>Kommunarov str. 281, Izhevsk 426056</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">d1key@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8198-7780</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Панов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Panov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Панов Александр Васильевич – кандидат медицинских наук, доктор биологических наук, эмеритус профессор.</p><p>31207, Джорджия, Мэйкон, Mercer University Drive, 1501</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander V. Panov – Cand. Sc. (Med.), Dr. Sc. (Biol.), Emeritus Professor.</p><p>Mercer University Drive 1501, Macon, GA 31207</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alexander.panov55@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4099-4508</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Брындина</surname><given-names>И. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bryndina</surname><given-names>I. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Брындина Ирина Георгиевна – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующая кафедрой патологической физиологии и иммунологии.</p><p>426056, Ижевск, ул. Коммунаров, 281</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina G. Bryndina – Dr. Sc. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Pathological Physiology and Immunology.</p><p>Kommunarov str. 281, Izhevsk 426056</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">i_bryndina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Ижевская государственная медицинская академия» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Izhevsk State Medical Academy</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет Мерсера</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Mercer University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>228</fpage><lpage>242</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Протопопов В.А., Секунов А.В., Панов А.В., Брындина И.Г., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Протопопов В.А., Секунов А.В., Панов А.В., Брындина И.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Protopopov V.A., Sekunov A.V., Panov A.V., Bryndina I.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/4745">https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/4745</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Обоснование</title><p>Обоснование. Длительное бездействие скелетных мышц сопровождается развитием окислительного стресса и изменениями сфинголипидного метаболизма. Взаимосвязь сфинголипидных механизмов с генерацией активных форм кислорода (АФК) при функциональной разгрузке мышц не изучена.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Выявить взаимосвязь между изменениями сфингомиелиназы и церамида с продукцией активных форм кислорода в камбаловидной мышце крыс при функциональной разгрузке.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. Крыс-самцов линии Wistar подвергали антиортостатическому вывешиванию (АОВ) в течение 12 часов и 14 дней на фоне применения блокатора кислой сфингомиелиназы (ASM, acid sphingomyelinase) амитриптилина (AMI, amitriptyline). На гистологических срезах камбаловидной мышцы определяли уровни ASM, церамида и АФК (флуоресцентная микроскопия). Методом вестерн-блоттинга определяли прооксидантные ферменты (НАДФ-Hоксидазы 2 и 4 (NOX2 и NOX4, NADPH oxidase)), цитохром-c-оксидазу (COX IV, cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV) и белок-регулятор биогенеза митохондрий PGC-1α (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha) в мышечном гомогенате, а также церамид и ASM в изолированной фракции митохондрий. На модели ex vivo исследовали влияние сфингомиелиназы и прооксидантов на уровни церамида, АSM, АФК и NOX2 путём инкубации мышцы с экзогенной сфингомиелиназой или H2O2.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. 12-часовое АОВ сопровождалось увеличением уровня ASM и церамида в волокнах камбаловидной мышцы. Разгрузка в течение 14 дней характеризовалась увеличением ASM, церамида, АФК, NOX2, NOX4 и снижением COX IV и PGC-1α. Уровни ASM и церамида были увеличены также в митохондриальной фракции. Ингибитор ASM амитриптилин частично или полностью нивелировал изменения, вызванные разгрузкой. В модели ex vivo обнаружен стимулирующий эффект воздействия экзогенной сфингомиелиназы на уровни АФК и NOX2 в мышце, тогда как H2O2 стимулировал продукцию АSM и церамида.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Установлена тесная взаимосвязь сфингомиелиназного пути образования церамида и продукции АФК в скелетной мышце в условиях функциональной разгрузки.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Prolonged inactivity of skeletal muscles is accompanied by the development of oxidative stress and changes in sphingolipid metabolism. The relationship of sphingolipid mechanisms with generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in muscles subjected to functional unloading has not been studied.</p></sec><sec><title>The aim</title><p>The aim. To identify the relationship between changes in sphingomyelinase and ceramide abundance and ROS production in rat soleus muscle during functional unloading.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. Male Wistar rats were subjected to hindlimb suspension for 12 hours or 14 days with the acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) inhibitor amitriptyline (AMI). The levels of ASM, ceramide and ROS were determined by fluorescence microscopy on histological sections. Pro-oxidant enzymes (NADPH oxidases 2 and 4 (NOX2 and NOX4)), cytochrome c oxidase (COX IV), the regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis PGC-1α (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha) in muscle homogenates were studied by Western blotting, which also was used for assessment of ceramide and ASM in the isolated mitochondrial fraction. The effects of sphingomyelinase and prooxidants on ceramide, ASM, ROS and NOX2 levels were studied in an ex vivo model by incubating the muscle with exogenous sphingomyelinase or H2O2.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. 12-hour hindlimb suspension was accompanied by an increase in the level of ASM and ceramide in rat soleus muscle. Unloading for 14 days was characterized by an increase in ASM, ceramide, ROS, NOX2, NOX4 and a decrease in COX IV and PGC-1α levels. ASM and ceramide were also increased in the mitochondrial fraction of muscle. The ASM inhibitor amitriptyline partially or completely prevented the changes caused by the unloading. In the ex vivo model, the stimulating effect of exogenous sphingomyelinase on the ROS and NOX2 levels in rat soleus muscle was found, whereas H2O2 stimulated muscle ASM and ceramide production.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. A close relationship has been established between the sphingomyeli-nase pathway of ceramide formation and ROS production in skeletal muscle under conditions of functional unloading.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>скелетные мышцы</kwd><kwd>функциональная разгрузка</kwd><kwd>атрофия</kwd><kwd>сфингомиелиназа/церамид</kwd><kwd>окислительный стресс</kwd><kwd>митохондрии</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>skeletal muscles</kwd><kwd>functional unloading</kwd><kwd>atrophy</kwd><kwd>sphingomyelinase/ ceramide</kwd><kwd>oxidative stress</kwd><kwd>mitochondria</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bouviere J, Fortunato RS, Dupuy C, Werneck-de-Castro JP, Carvalho DP, Louzada RA. Exercise-stimulated ROS sensitive signaling pathways in skeletal muscle. 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