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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">actabiomedica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Acta Biomedica Scientifica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Acta Biomedica Scientifica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-9420</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9596</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29413/ABS.2024-9.2.14</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">actabiomedica-4736</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НЕВРОЛОГИЯ И НЕЙРОХИРУРГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>NEUROLOGY AND NEUROSURGERY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Невралгия тройничного нерва на современном этапе: вопросы патофизиологии, классификации, диагностики и лечения (обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Trigeminal neuralgia at the present stage: Pathophysiology, classification, diagnosis and treatment (literature review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6910-1729</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Журкин</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhurkin</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Журкин Артём Николаевич – аспирант.</p><p>664003, Иркутск, ул. Борцов Революции, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Artem N. Zhurkin – Postgraduate.</p><p>Bortsov Revolyutsii str. 1, Irkutsk 664003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">cpike@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2547-7812</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Cеменов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Semenov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Cеменов Александр Валерьевич – кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник научно-клинического отдела нейрохирургии, ФГБНУ «Иркутский НЦХТ»; доцент кафедры травматологии, ортопедии и нейрохирургии, Иркутская государственная медицинская академия последипломного образования – филиал ФГБОУ ДПО РМАНПО.</p><p>664003, Иркутск, ул. Борцов Революции, 1; 664049, Иркутск, Юбилейный, 100</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr V. Semenov – Cand. Sc. (Med), Senior Research Officer at the Clinical Research Department of Neurosurgery, Irkutsk SC ST; Associate Professor at the Department of Traumatology, Orthopedics and Neurosurgery, Irkutsk SMA PE – Branch Campus of the RMA of Continuing Professional Education.</p><p>Bortsov Revolyutsii str. 1, Irkutsk 664003; Yubileyny 100, Irkutsk 664049</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">7enov2001@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3980-050X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шурыгина</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shurygina</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шурыгина Ирина Александровна – доктор медицинских наук, профессор РАН, заместитель директора по науке.</p><p>664003, Иркутск, ул. Борцов Революции, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina A. Shurygina – Dr. Sc. (Med.), Professor of RAS, Deputy Director for Science.</p><p>Bortsov Revolyutsii str. 1, Irkutsk 664003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">irinashurygina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3851-128X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лозовская</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lozovskaya</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лозовская Евгения Александровна – кандидат ветеринарных наук, старший научный сотрудник научного отдела экспериментальной хирургии с виварием.</p><p>664003, Иркутск, ул. Борцов Революции, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeniya A. Lozovskaya – Cand. Sc. (Vet.), Senior Research Officer at the Research Department of Experimental Surgery with Vivarium.</p><p>Bortsov Revolyutsii str. 1, Irkutsk 664003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">molodegny31@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9008-6383</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сороковиков</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sorokovikov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сороковиков Владимир Алексеевич – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, директор, Иркутский НЦХТ; заведующий кафедрой травматологии, ортопедии и нейрохирургии, Иркутская государственная медицинская академия последипломного образования – филиал ФГБОУ ДПО РМАНПО.</p><p>664003, г. Иркутск, ул. Борцов Революции, 1; 664049, Иркутск, Юбилейный, 100</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir A. Sorokovikov – Dr. Sc. (Med.), Professor, Director, Irkutsk Scientific Centre of Surgery and Traumatology; Head of the Department of Traumatology, Orthopedics and Neurosurgery.</p><p>Bortsov Revolyutsii str. 1, Irkutsk 664003; Yubileyny 100, Irkutsk 664049</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vasorokovikov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самойлов</surname><given-names>Е. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Samoylov</surname><given-names>E. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Самойлов Егор Павлович – ординатор кафедры травматологии, ортопедии и нейрохирургии.</p><p>664049, Иркутск, Юбилейный, 100</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Egor P. Samoylov – Clinical Resident at the Department of Traumatology, Orthopedics and Neurosurgery.</p><p>Yubileyny 100, Irkutsk 664049</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">samoilov1996@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Иркутский научный центр хирургии и травматологии»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Irkutsk Scientific Centre of Surgery and Traumatology</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Иркутский научный центр хирургии и травматологии»; Иркутская государственная медицинская академия последипломного образования – филиал ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Irkutsk Scientific Centre of Surgery and Traumatology; Irkutsk State Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education – Branch Campus of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Иркутская государственная медицинская академия последипломного образования – филиал ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Irkutsk State Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education – Branch Campus of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>141</fpage><lpage>151</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Журкин А.Н., Cеменов А.В., Шурыгина И.А., Лозовская Е.А., Сороковиков В.А., Самойлов Е.П., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Журкин А.Н., Cеменов А.В., Шурыгина И.А., Лозовская Е.А., Сороковиков В.А., Самойлов Е.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zhurkin A.N., Semenov A.V., Shurygina I.A., Lozovskaya E.A., Sorokovikov V.A., Samoylov E.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/4736">https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/4736</self-uri><abstract><p>Заболеваемость невралгией тройничного нерва (НТН) составляет 4–5 случаев на 100 000 населения в год, а распространённость – около 20–50 на 100 000 населения. Согласно современной классификации, различают следующие виды НТН: классическая, симптоматическая, идиопатическая. Причиной классической НТН является нейроваскулярный конфликт, симптоматической – новообразования петрокливальной области, сосудистые аномалии, рассеянный склероз и др. При отсутствии достоверного этиологического фактора НТН считают идиопатической. Патогенез НТН остаётся одной из самых сложных тем в неврологии. Сегодня существует множество теорий и гипотез, касающихся периферических и центральных механизмов НТН. Самой популярной является теория нейроваскулярного конфликта, возникающего между тройничным нервом и сосудами головного мозга, однако эта теория не единственная. Известно, что даже после выполнения микроваскулярной декомпрессии у пациентов могут сохраняться лицевые боли. Поэтому обсуждаются и другие патогенетические механизмы: теория коротких связей, мультинейрональный механизм, аллергически-иммунная гипотеза, воротная теория, гипотеза биорезонанса, тригеминальная конвергенционно-проекционная теория, гипотеза «воспламенения» и патология ионных каналов. НТН является клиническим диагнозом, и для его постановки необходимы определённые критерии, предложенные Международным обществом головной боли. Использование инструментальных методов исследования, а именно магнитно-резонансной томографии головного мозга, необходимо для дифференциальной диагностики классической и симптоматической НТН, а результаты визуализации всегда следует интерпретировать в сочетании с клиническими данными для правильного принятия решения о дальнейшей тактике лечения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The incidence of trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is 4–5 cases per 100,000 population per year, and the prevalence is about 20–50 cases per 100,000 population. According to the modern classification, the following types of TN are distinguished: classical, symptomatic and idiopathic. The cause of classical TN is a neurovascular conflict, of symptomatic TN – neoplasms in the petroclival area, vascular anomalies, multiple sclerosis, etc. In the absence of a reliable etiological factor, TN is considered idiopathic. TN pathogenesis remains one of the most challenging topics in neuroscience. Today, there are many theories and hypotheses regarding the peripheral and central mechanisms of trigeminal neuralgia. The most popular theory is the neurovascular conflict that occurs between the trigeminal nerve and the cerebral vessels, but this theory is not the only one. It is known that even after microvascular decompression, patients may continue to experience facial pain. Therefore, other pathogenetic mechanisms are discussed: short circuit theory, multineuronal mechanism, allergic and immune hypothesis, gate theory, bioresonance hypothesis, trigeminal convergence projection theory, “ignition” hypothesis and ion channel pathology. TN is a clinical diagnosis, and its establishing requires certain criteria proposed by the International Headache Society. Using instrumental research methods, namely magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, is necessary for the differential diagnosis of classical and symptomatic TN, and imaging results should always be interpreted in combination with clinical data to make correct decisions on further treatment tactics.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>невралгия тройничного нерва</kwd><kwd>этиопатогенез</kwd><kwd>нейроваскулярная теория</kwd><kwd>классическая невралгия тройничного нерва</kwd><kwd>симптоматическая невралгия тройничного нерва</kwd><kwd>идиопатическая невралгия тройничного нерва</kwd><kwd>магнитно-резонансная томография</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>trigeminal neuralgia</kwd><kwd>etiopathogenesis</kwd><kwd>neurovascular theory</kwd><kwd>classical trigeminal neuralgia</kwd><kwd>symptomatic trigeminal neuralgia</kwd><kwd>idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia</kwd><kwd>magnetic resonance imaging</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование проведено без спонсорской поддержки</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kumar V, Abbas AK, Aster JC. 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