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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">actabiomedica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Acta Biomedica Scientifica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Acta Biomedica Scientifica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-9420</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9596</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29413/ABS.2025-10.3.6</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">actabiomedica-4574</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЕНЕТИКА, ПРОТЕОМИКА И МЕТАБОЛОМИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GENETICS, PROTEOMICS AND METABOLOMICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Генетический полиморфизм и метаболизм полиненасыщенных жирных кислот при бронхиальной астме</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Genetic mechanisms of disorders in the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the development of chronic inflammation in bronchial asthma</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5018-0271</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кытикова</surname><given-names>О. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kytikova</surname><given-names>O. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кытикова Оксана Юрьевна – доктор медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории восстановительного лечения </p><p>690105, г. Владивосток, ул. Русская, 73-г</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oxana Yu. Kytikova – Dr. Sc. (Med.), Senior Researcher at the laboratory of rehabilitative treatment </p><p>Russkaya Str., 73-g, Vladivostok 690105</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kytikova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6058-201X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новгородцева</surname><given-names>Т. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Novgorodtseva</surname><given-names>T. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новгородцева Татьяна Павловна – доктор биологических наук, профессор, заместитель директора по научной работе, главный научный сотрудник лаборатории биомедицинских исследований </p><p>690105, г. Владивосток, ул. Русская, 73-г</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana P. Novgorodtseva – Dr. Sc. (Biol.), Professor, Chief Researcher at the laboratory of biomedical research, Deputy Director for research </p><p>Russkaya Str., 73-g, Vladivostok 690105</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nauka@niivl.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8606-699X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Богомаз</surname><given-names>Т. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogomaz</surname><given-names>T. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Богомаз Тамара Тэсоновна – аспирант лаборатории биомедицинских исследований </p><p>690105, г. Владивосток, ул. Русская, 73-г</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tamara T. Bogomaz – graduate student at the laboratory of biomedical research </p><p>Russkaya Str., 73-g, Vladivostok 690105</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tomi.ttt@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Владивостокский филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Дальневосточный научный центр физиологии и патологии дыхания» – Научно-исследовательский институт медицинской климатологии и восстановительного лечения</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Vladivostok Branch of Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration – Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitative Treatment</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>59</fpage><lpage>69</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кытикова О.Ю., Новгородцева Т.П., Богомаз Т.Т., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кытикова О.Ю., Новгородцева Т.П., Богомаз Т.Т.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kytikova O.Y., Novgorodtseva T.P., Bogomaz T.T.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/4574">https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/4574</self-uri><abstract><p>Бронхиальная астма (БА) ассоциирована с системным воспалением, важную роль в развитии которого играют нарушения липидного обмена, в частности, изменение физиологического баланса эссенциальных жирных кислот (ЖК). Баланс ω3 и ω6 полиненасыщенных жирных кислот (ПНЖК) зависит от их адекватного экзогенного поступления и эндогенной переработки при участии ферментов десатураз и элонгаз ЖК. Десатуразы кодируются генами десатураз ЖК (FADS), элонгазы – генами элонгаз (ELOVL). Большинство исследований сосредоточено на изучении полиморфных вариантов генов FADS, способных изменять экзогенный синтез ПНЖК, что лежит в основе нарушения образования провоспалительных и проразрешающих липидных медиаторов, отвечающих за развитие хронического воспаления. Однако механизмы, лежащие в основе предрасположенности носителей полиморфных вариантов генов FADS к развитию БА, неизвестны. Появляются данные об участии ELOVL в патофизиологии БА. Обнаружены и другие гены, ассоциированные с развитием БА, атопии и метаболизмом ПНЖК, в частности, гены представителей семейства протеаз пролилолигопептидаз DPP10 и CD26/DPP4. Выявление носительства полиморфных вариантов данных генов (ассоциированных с БА) позволит пересмотреть и дополнить современные методы лечения БА. Воздействие на здоровье алиментарных ω3 и ω6 ПНЖК также может варьировать в зависимости от полиморфных вариантов генов, связанных с метаболизмом ПНЖК. Это ставит вопрос о необходимости изучения генетической составляющей в формировании ответа организма на развитие системного воспаления при БА и способов его коррекции посредством алиментарного применения ПНЖК. Цель обзора. Обобщить современные представления об ассоциации полиморфных вариантов генов FADS, ELOVL и других генов, связанных с метаболизмом ПНЖК, с нарушением липидного обмена и их роли в развитии БА на основании анализа статей, опубликованных в период до 2024 г. и представленных в базе данных PubMed.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Аsthma is associated with systemic inflammation, an important role in the development of which is played by lipid metabolism disorders, in particular, changes in the physiological balance of essential fatty acids (FAs). The balance of ω3 and ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acids depends on their adequate exogenous intake and endogenous processing with the participation of FA desaturases and elongase enzymes. Desaturases are encoded by FA desaturase genes (FADS), elongases by elongase genes (ELOVL). Most studies have focused on FADS gene polymorphisms that can alter the exogenous synthesis of PUFAs, which underlies the disruption of the formation of pro-inflammatory and pro-resolving lipid mediators responsible for the development of chronic inflammation. However, the mechanisms underlying the predisposition of carriers of polymorphic variants of FADS genes to the development of asthma are unknown. Evidence is emerging that ELOVL is involved in the pathophysiology of аsthma. Other genes associated with the development of аsthma, atopy, and PUFA metabolism have recently been discovered, the genes of members of the prolyl oligopeptidase family DPP10 and CD26/DPP4. Identification of carriers of these gene polymorphisms will allow to review and supply modern methods of treating asthma. The health effects of dietary ω3 and ω6 PUFAs may also vary depending on genetic variants in genes associated with PUFA metabolism. This raises the question of the need to study the genetic component in the formation of the body’s response to the development of systemic inflammation in asthma and methods of its correction through nutritional PUFAs. The aim. To summarize the current understanding of the association of polymorphism of FADS, ELOVL genes and other genes associated with PUFA metabolism with lipid metabolism disorders and their role in the development of аsthma based on an analysis of articles published before 2024 in the PubMed database.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>жирные кислоты</kwd><kwd>гены десатураз жирных кислот</kwd><kwd>гены элонгаз жирных кислот</kwd><kwd>ген DPP10</kwd><kwd>ген CD26/DPP4</kwd><kwd>бронхиальная астма</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>fatty acids</kwd><kwd>fatty acid desaturase genes</kwd><kwd>fatty acid elongase genes</kwd><kwd>DPP10</kwd><kwd>CD26/DPP4</kwd><kwd>asthma</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование проводилось за счет средств федерального бюджета в рамках государственного задания ФНИ.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reddel HK, Bacharier LB, Bateman ED, Brightling CE, Brusselle GG, Buhl R, et al. 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