actabiomedicaActa Biomedica ScientificaActa Biomedica Scientifica2541-94202587-9596Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems10.29413/ABS.2023-8.6.14actabiomedica-4501Research ArticleНЕВРОЛОГИЯ И НЕЙРОХИРУРГИЯNEUROLOGY AND NEUROSURGERYНакопление агрегированного альфасинуклеина в структурах нервной ткани при нейродегенеративных заболеванияхAccumulation of aggregated alpha-synuclein in neural tissue structures in neurodegenerative diseaseshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1580-0380СальковВ. Н.SalkovV. N.

Сальков Владимир Николаевич – доктор медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории нейроморфологии Института мозга 

125367, г. Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 80

Vladimir N. Salkov – Dr. Sc. (Med.), Senior Research Officer at the Laboratory of Neuromorphology of Brain Institute 

Volokolamskoye highway 80, Moscow 125367

vla-salkov@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5222-5322ВоронковД. Н.VoronkovD. N.

Воронков Дмитрий Николаевич – кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории нейроморфологии Института мозга 

125367, г. Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 80

Dmitry N. Voronkov – Cand. Sc. (Med.), Senior Research Officer at the Laboratory of Neuromorphology of Brain Institute 

Volokolamskoye highway 80, Moscow 125367

voronkov@neurology.ruФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии»Research Center of Neurology20231501202486153161Copyright © Сальков В.Н., Воронков Д.Н., 20242024Сальков В.Н., Воронков Д.Н.Salkov V.N., Voronkov D.N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/4501

Представлен критический анализ литературы о строении и свойствах альфа-синуклеина в физиологических условиях и в условиях патологии, когда изменяется конформация этого белка, что способствует его агрегации и изменению особенностей локализации в структурах головного мозга при таких нейродегенеративных заболеваниях, как болезнь Паркинсона, деменция с тельцами Леви, множественная системная атрофия и болезнь Альцгеймера.

Показано, что токсическое действие конформационно изменённого альфасинуклеина может опосредованно влиять на функции нейронов вследствие его взаимодействия с клетками нейроглии, в первую очередь с микроглией и астроцитами, а также может модулировать агрегацию и экспрессию других белков, функционально значимых для развития нейродегенерации.

Дальнейшее исследование механизмов взаимодействия конформационно измененного альфа-синуклеина с другими белками и уточнение взаимосвязи между его накоплением в структурах головного мозга и дисфункцией нейронов остаются актуальными для современной неврологии.

Поиск литературы проводился в базах данных «PubMed» и «eLIBRARY».

A critical analysis of the literature on the structure and properties of alpha-synuclein under physiological and pathological conditions is presented, when the conformation of this protein changes, which contributes to its aggregation and changes in localization features in brain structures in such neurodegenerative diseases as Parkinson’s disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, multiple systemic atrophy and Alzheimer’s disease.

It has been shown that the toxic effect of conformationally altered alpha-synuclein can indirectly affect the functions of neurons due to its interaction with neuroglial cells, primarily microglia and astrocytes, and can also modulate the aggregation and expression of other proteins that are functionally important for the development of neurodegeneration.

Further study of the mechanisms of interaction of conformationally altered alphasynuclein with other proteins and clarification of the relationship between its accumulation in brain structures and neuronal dysfunction remains relevant for modern neurology.

Literature search was carried out in the “PubMed” and “eLIBRARY” databases.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.