<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">actabiomedica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Acta Biomedica Scientifica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Acta Biomedica Scientifica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-9420</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9596</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29413/ABS.2023-8.6.11</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">actabiomedica-4498</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МИКРОБИОЛОГИЯ И ВИРУСОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MICROBIOLOGY AND VIRUSOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Онлайн-сервис для интерпретации результатов при прогнозировании устойчивости к  бедаквилину по молекулярно-биологическим данным</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Online service for interpretation of the resistance prediction results to bedaquiline by the molecular data</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3396-9590</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Синьков</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sinkov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Синьков Вячеслав Владимирович – кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник Института эпидемиологии и микробиологии </p><p>664003, г. Иркутск, ул. Тимирязева, 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vyacheslav V. Sinkov – Cand. Sc. (Med.), Senior Research Officer at the Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology </p><p>Timiryazeva str. 16, Irkutsk 664003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vsinkov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2631-4724</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кондратов</surname><given-names>И. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kondratov</surname><given-names>I. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кондратов Илья Геннадьевич – кандидат биологических наук, научный сотрудник Института эпидемиологии и микробиологии </p><p>664003, г. Иркутск, ул. Тимирязева, 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilya G. Kondratov – Research Officer at the Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology </p><p>Timiryazeva str. 16, Irkutsk 664003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kondratovig@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3168-1983</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Огарков</surname><given-names>О. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ogarkov</surname><given-names>O. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Огарков Олег Борисович – доктор медицинских наук, директор Института эпидемиологии и микробиологии </p><p>664003, г. Иркутск, ул. Тимирязева, 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg B. Ogarkov – Dr. Sc. (Med.), Head of the Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology </p><p>Timiryazeva str. 16, Irkutsk 664003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">obogarkov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7160-9700</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жданова</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhdanova</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Жданова Светлана Николаевна – доктор медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник Института эпидемиологии и микробиологии </p><p>664003, г. Иркутск, ул. Тимирязева, 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana N. Zhdanova – Dr. Sc. (Med.), Leading Research Officer at the Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology </p><p>Timiryazeva str. 16, Irkutsk 664003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">svetnii@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Носков</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Noskov</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Носков Александр Петрович – врач-бактериолог </p><p>664039, г. Иркутск, ул. Терешковой, 39</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander P. Noskov – Bacteriologist </p><p>Tereshkovoy str. 59, Irkutsk 664039</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alex.noskoff@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6449-5060</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хромова</surname><given-names>П. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khromova</surname><given-names>P. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хромова Полина Андреевна – младший научный сотрудник Института эпидемиологии и микробиологии </p><p>664003, г. Иркутск, ул. Тимирязева, 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Polina A. Khromova – Junior Research Officer at the Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology </p><p>Timiryazeva str. 16, Irkutsk 664003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">polina.and38@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2169-0242</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Орлова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Orlova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Орлова Елизавета Андреевна – аспирант, младший научный сотрудник Института эпидемиологии и микробиологии </p><p>664003, г. Иркутск, ул. Тимирязева, 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elizaveta  A. Orlova – Postgraduate, Junior Research Officer at the Institute of Epidemiology and  Microbiology </p><p>Timiryazeva str. 16, Irkutsk 664003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elizaveta.a.orlova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8190-6143</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лабыгина</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Labygina</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лабыгина Альбина Владимировна – доктор медицинских наук, научный сотрудник лаборатории гинекологической эндокринологии </p><p>664003, г. Иркутск, ул. Тимирязева, 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Albina  V. Labygina – Dr.  Sc. (Med.), Research Officer at the Laboratory of Gynaecological Endocrinology </p><p>Timiryazeva str. 16, Irkutsk 664003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">albinalab2212@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0117-2563</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рычкова</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rychkova</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рычкова Любовь Владимировна – доктор медицинских наук, профессор РАН, член-корреспондент РАН, директор </p><p>664003, г. Иркутск, ул. Тимирязева, 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lyubov  V. Rychkova – Dr.  Sc. (Med.), Professor of the RAS, Corresponding Member of the RAS, Director </p><p>Timiryazeva str. 16, Irkutsk 664003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">iphr@sbamsr.irk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3354-2992</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колесникова</surname><given-names>Л. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolesnikova</surname><given-names>L. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Колесникова Любовь Ильинична – доктор медицинских наук, профессор РАН, академик РАН, научный руководитель </p><p>664003, г. Иркутск, ул. Тимирязева, 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lyubov I. Kolesnikova – Dr. Sc. (Med.), Professor of the RAS, Member of the RAS, Academic Advisor </p><p>Timiryazeva str. 16, Irkutsk 664003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">iphr@sbamsr.irk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научный центр проблем здоровья семьи и репродукции человека»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ОГБУЗ «Иркутская областная клиническая туберкулёзная больница»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Irkutsk Regional Clinical Tuberculosis Hospital</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>01</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>124</fpage><lpage>129</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Синьков В.В., Кондратов И.Г., Огарков О.Б., Жданова С.Н., Носков А.П., Хромова П.А., Орлова Е.А., Лабыгина А.В., Рычкова Л.В., Колесникова Л.И., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Синьков В.В., Кондратов И.Г., Огарков О.Б., Жданова С.Н., Носков А.П., Хромова П.А., Орлова Е.А., Лабыгина А.В., Рычкова Л.В., Колесникова Л.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sinkov V.V., Kondratov I.G., Ogarkov O.B., Zhdanova S.N., Noskov A.P., Khromova P.A., Orlova E.A., Labygina A.V., Rychkova L.V., Kolesnikova L.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/4498">https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/4498</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Обоснование</title><p>Обоснование. Бедаквилин – новый и многообещающий противотуберкулёзный препарат, однако при длительном лечении к нему развивается устойчивость. Это связано преимущественно с мутациями в генах atpE и mmpR у M. tuberculosis (МБТ).</p></sec><sec><title>Цель работы</title><p>Цель работы. Апробация системы автоматизированной интерпретации результатов при прогнозировании устойчивости к бедаквилину на основе молекулярно-биологических данных.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. ДНК выделяли из штаммов M. tuberculosis, циркулировавших в Иркутской области и Республике Саха (Якутии). Общее количество исследованных ДНК составило 27 штаммов из Якутии и 21 штамм из Иркутской области. Исследование геномов МБТ было проведено на ДНК штаммов, полученных авторами ранее на территориях Иркутской области (n = 5), Республики Саха (Якутия) (n = 4), Республики Бурятия (n = 3), Забайкальского края (n = 4) и Дальнего Востока (n = 8). Для выявления устойчивости к бедаквилину на основе нуклеотидной последовательностей генов и геномных данных мы использовали программу BSATool. При использовании секвенирования по Сэнгеру анализировались гены atpE и mmpR, при полногеномном секвенировании исследовались мутации в этих же последовательностях, а также дополнительно в mmpL5, mmpS5, Rv0678, Rv1979c и pepQ.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Обнаружено полное соответствие фенотипических и генотипических результатов оценки устойчивости к бедаквилину для трёх штаммов из Якутии. Кроме того, при анализе геномных данных обнаружен один геном со значимыми мутациями, способными вызвать устойчивость к бедаквилину. Делается вывод об относительно низком распространении мутаций, способных вызвать устойчивость к этому антибиотику, что совпадает с данными других исследователей в России. Сделано заключение о важности молекулярно-биологического анализа генов-мишеней с последующим выявлением устойчивости к бедаквилину in silico.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Bedaquiline is a new and promising anti-tuberculosis drug, but longterm use requires resistance. This is due to mutations in the atpE and mmpR genes in M. tuberculosis (MBT).</p><p>The aim of the research was to test a system for automated interpretation of results for predicting resistance to bedaquiline by the molecular data.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. DNA was isolated from strains of M. tuberculosis in the Irkutsk region and Yakutia. The total quantity of DNA samples was 27 strains from Yakutia and 21 strains from the Irkutsk region. The study of MBT genomes was carried out on the DNA previously obtained by the authors in the territories of the Irkutsk region (n = 5), Yakutia (n = 4), Buryatia (n = 3), Zabaykalskiy kray (n = 4) and the Far East (n = 8). We used the BSATool program to detect bedaquiline resistance based on  Sanger and genomic data. Sanger sequencing analyzed the atpE and  mmpR genes, and whole genome sequencing examined mutations in the same sequences, as well as additionally in mmpL5, mmpS5, Rv0678, Rv1979c, and pepQ.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Complete agreement between the phenotypic and genotypic analysis of resistance to bedaquiline was found for three strains from Yakutia. One genome with significant mutations to bedaquiline was identified. A conclusion was made about the importance of molecular analysis of target genes with subsequent detection of resistance to bedaquiline in silico.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бедаквилин</kwd><kwd>секвенирование</kwd><kwd>резистентность</kwd><kwd>гены</kwd><kwd>atpE</kwd><kwd>mmpR</kwd><kwd>mmpL5</kwd><kwd>mmpS5</kwd><kwd>Rv0678</kwd><kwd>Rv1979c</kwd><kwd>pepQ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bedaquiline</kwd><kwd>sequencing</kwd><kwd>resistance</kwd><kwd>genes</kwd><kwd>atpE</kwd><kwd>mmpR</kwd><kwd>mmpL5</kwd><kwd>mmpS5</kwd><kwd>Rv0678</kwd><kwd>Rv1979c</kwd><kwd>pepQ</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда (проект № 23-15-00280).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Васильева И.А., Андронов С.А., Баласанянц Г.С., Батыров Ф.А., Борисов С.Е., Бурмистрова И.А., и др. Туберкулез у взрослых: Клинические рекомендации. М.: Российское общество фтизиатров; 2022.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vasileva IA, Andronov SA, Balasaniants GS, Baryrov FA, Borisov SE, Burmistrova IA, et al. Tuberculosis in adults: Clinical guidelines. Moscow: Russian Society of Phthisiatricians; 2022. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sanjeet B. WHO’s global tuberculosis report 2022. Lancet Microbe. 2023; 4(1): e20. doi: 10.1016/s2666-5247(22)00359-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sanjeet B. WHO’s global tuberculosis report 2022. Lancet Microbe. 2023; 4(1): e20. doi: 10.1016/s2666-5247(22)00359-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">World Health Organization. EndTB campaign. URL: https://www.who.int/teams/global-tuberculosis-programme/the-end-tbstrategy [date of access: 28.08.2023].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">World Health Organization. EndTB campaign. URL: https://www.who.int/teams/global-tuberculosis-programme/the-end-tbstrategy [date of access: 28.08.2023].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Veziris N, Bernard C, Guglielmetti L, Le Du D, Marigot-Outtandy D, Jaspard M, et al. Rapid emergence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bedaquiline resistance: lessons to avoid repeating past errors. Eur Respir J. 2017; 49(3): 1601719. doi: 10.1183/13993003.01719-2016</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Veziris N, Bernard C, Guglielmetti L, Le Du D, Marigot-Outtandy D, Jaspard M, et al. Rapid emergence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bedaquiline resistance: lessons to avoid repeating past errors. Eur Respir J. 2017; 49(3): 1601719. doi: 10.1183/13993003.01719-2016</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Peretokina IV, Krylova LY, Antonova OV, Kholina MS, Kulagina EV, Nosova EY, et al. Reduced susceptibility and resistance to bedaquiline in clinical M. tuberculosis isolates. J Infect. 2020; 80(5): 527-535. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.01.007</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Peretokina IV, Krylova LY, Antonova OV, Kholina MS, Kulagina EV, Nosova EY, et al. Reduced susceptibility and resistance to bedaquiline in clinical M. tuberculosis isolates. J Infect. 2020; 80(5): 527-535. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.01.007</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Melly G, Purdy GE. MmpL proteins in physiology and pathogenesis of M. tuberculosis. Microorganisms. 2019; 7(3): 70. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms7030070</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Melly G, Purdy GE. MmpL proteins in physiology and pathogenesis of M. tuberculosis. Microorganisms. 2019; 7(3): 70. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms7030070</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kadura S, King N, Nakhoul M, Zhu H, Theron G, Köser CU, et al. Systematic review of mutations associated with resistance to the new and repurposed Mycobacterium tuberculosis drugs bedaquiline, clofazimine, linezolid, delamanid and pretomanid. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2020; 75(8): 2031-2043. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkaa136</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kadura S, King N, Nakhoul M, Zhu H, Theron G, Köser CU, et al. Systematic review of mutations associated with resistance to the new and repurposed Mycobacterium tuberculosis drugs bedaquiline, clofazimine, linezolid, delamanid and pretomanid. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2020; 75(8): 2031-2043. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkaa136</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Синьков В.В., Кондратов И.Г., Огарков О.Б., Жданова С.Н., Сокольникова Н.А., Хромова П.А., и др. Онлайн-сервис для автоматизированной интерпретации данных секвенирования и прогнозирования устойчивости к пиразинамиду возбудителя туберкулёза Бюллетень экспериментальной биологии и медицины. 2022; 174(11): 580-584. doi: 10.47056/0365-9615-2022-174-11-580-584</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sinkov VV, Kondratov IG, Ogarkov OB, Zhdanova SN, Sokolnikova NA, Khromova PA, et al. Online service with automated interpretation of sequencing data and prediction of pyrazinamide resistance in tuberculosis. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. 2023; 174(5): 623-627. (In Russ.). doi: 10.47056/0365-9615-2022-174-11-580-584</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Жданова С.Н., Бадлеева М.В., Хромова П.А., Огарков О.Б., Орлова Е.А. Молекулярная эпидемиология туберкулеза с множественной лекарственной устойчивостью в Монголии и Восточной Сибири: два независимых процесса распространения доминирующих штаммов. Инфекция и иммунитет. 2021; 11(2): 337-348. doi: 10.15789/2220-7619-MEO-1368</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhdanova SN, Badleeva MV, Khromova PA, Ogarkov OB, Orlova EA. Molecular epidemiology of multidrug resistant tuberculosis in Mongolia and Eastern Siberia: two independent dissemination processes for dominant strains. Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity. 2021; 11(2): 337-348. (In Russ.). doi: 10.15789/2220-7619-MEO-1368</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sinkov V, Ogarkov O, Zhdanova S, Mokrousov I, Bukin Y, Heysell SK. New epidemic cluster of pre-extensively drug resistant isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Ural family emerging in Eastern Europe. BMC Genomics. 2018; 19(1): 762. doi: 10.1186/s12864-018-5162-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sinkov V, Ogarkov O, Zhdanova S, Mokrousov I, Bukin Y, Heysell SK. New epidemic cluster of pre-extensively drug resistant isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Ural family emerging in Eastern Europe. BMC Genomics. 2018; 19(1): 762. doi: 10.1186/s12864-018-5162-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Walker TM, Miotto P, Köser CU, Fowler PW, Knaggs J, Iqbal Z, et al. The 2021 WHO catalogue of complex mutations associated with drug resistance: A genotypic analysis. Lancet. Microbe. 2022; 3(4): e265-e273. doi: 10.1016/s2666-5247(21)00301-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Walker TM, Miotto P, Köser CU, Fowler PW, Knaggs J, Iqbal Z, et al. The 2021 WHO catalogue of complex mutations associated with drug resistance: A genotypic analysis. Lancet. Microbe. 2022; 3(4): e265-e273. doi: 10.1016/s2666-5247(21)00301-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Синьков В.В., Савилов Е.Д., Огарков О.Б. Реконструкция эпидемической истории «пекинского» генотипа Mycobacterium tuberculosis в России и странах бывшего СССР по результатам сполиготипирования. Молекулярная генетика, микробиология и вирусология. 2011; (3): 25-29. doi: 10.3103/S0891416811030050</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sinkov VV, Savilov ED, OgarkovOB. Reconstruction of the epidemic history ofthe Beijing genotype of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Russia and former soviet countries using spoligotyping. Molecular Genetics, Microbiology and Virology. 2011; 26: 120-125. (In Russ.). doi: 10.3103/S0891416811030050</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mokrousov I, AkhmedovaG, MolchanovV, Fundovnaya E, Kozlova E, Ostankova Y, et al. Frequent acquisition of bedaquiline resistance by epidemic extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in Russia during long-term treatment. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2021; 27(3): 478-480. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.08.030</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mokrousov I, AkhmedovaG, MolchanovV, Fundovnaya E, Kozlova E, Ostankova Y, et al. Frequent acquisition of bedaquiline resistance by epidemic extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in Russia during long-term treatment. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2021; 27(3): 478-480. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.08.030</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
