actabiomedicaActa Biomedica ScientificaActa Biomedica Scientifica2541-94202587-9596Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems10.29413/ABS.2023-8.6.10actabiomedica-4497Research ArticleМИКРОБИОЛОГИЯ И ВИРУСОЛОГИЯMICROBIOLOGY AND VIRUSOLOGYКоронавирусы, циркулирующие среди грызунов и насекомоядных в Республике АлтайCoronaviruses in rodents and insectivores in Altai Republichttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2844-7835ЯшинаЛ. Н.YashinaL. N.

Яшина Людмила Николаевна – доктор биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник отдела геномных исследований 

630559, р. п. Кольцово, Новосибирская область

Liudmila N. Yashina – Dr. Sc. (Biol.), Leading Research Officer at the Department of Genomic Research 

Koltsovo 630559, Novosibirsk Region

yashina@vector.nsc.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7921-6696АбрамовС. А.AbramovS. A.

Абрамов Сергей Александрович – кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории экологии сообществ позвоночных животных 

630091, г. Новосибирск, ул. Фрунзе, 11

Sergey  A. Abramov – Cand.  Sc. (Biol.), Senior Research Officer at the Laboratory of Ecology of  Vertebrate Communities 

Frunze str. 11, Novosibirsk 630091

gterio@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5082-8071СметанниковаН. А.SmetannikovaN. A.

Сметанникова Наталья Анатольевна – кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник отдела геномных исследований 

630559, р. п. Кольцово, Новосибирская область

Natalia  A. Smetannikova – Cand.  Sc. (Med.), Senior Research Officer at the Department of  Genomic Research 

Koltsovo 630559, Novosibirsk Region

smetannikova@vector.nsc.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3004-3020МалышевБ. С.MalyshevB. S.

Малышев Борис Сотиволдиевич – научный сотрудник отдела геномных исследований 

630559, р. п. Кольцово, Новосибирская область

Boris S. Malyshev – Research Officer at the Department of Genomic Research 

Koltsovo 630559, Novosibirsk Region

malyshevb@vector.nsc.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4824-6061КривопаловА. В.KrivopalovA. V.

Кривопалов Антон Викторович – кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории паразитологии 

630091, г. Новосибирск, ул. Фрунзе, 11

Anton V. Krivopalov – Cand. Sc. (Biol.), Senior Research Officer at the Laboratory of Parasitology 

Frunze str. 11, Novosibirsk 630091

krivopalov@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4487-1815ДупалТ. А.DupalT. A.

Дупал Тамара Александровна – кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории экологии сообществ позвоночных животных 

630091, г. Новосибирск, ул. Фрунзе, 11

Tamara A. Dupal – Cand. Sc. (Biol.), Senior Research Officer at the Laboratory of Ecology of Vertebrate Communities 

Frunze str. 11, Novosibirsk 630091

gf@eco.nsc.ruФБУН «Государственный научный центр вирусологии и биотехнологии «Вектор» РоспотребнадзораState Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”ФГБУН Институт систематики и экологии животных СО РАНInstitute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences20231401202486117123Copyright © Яшина Л.Н., Абрамов С.А., Сметанникова Н.А., Малышев Б.С., Кривопалов А.В., Дупал Т.А., 20242024Яшина Л.Н., Абрамов С.А., Сметанникова Н.А., Малышев Б.С., Кривопалов А.В., Дупал Т.А.Yashina L.N., Abramov S.A., Smetannikova N.A., Malyshev B.S., Krivopalov A.V., Dupal T.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/4497

Коронавирусы (семейство Coronaviridae, роды Alphacoronavirus и  Betacoronavirus) относятся к числу опасных вирусных патогенов, вызвавших три вспышки тяжёлых респираторных заболеваний SARS, MERS, COVID-19. В России данные о коронавирусах, циркулирующих в природных резервуарах, ограничены, так как исследования начались только во время пандемии COVID-19.

Цель работы

Цель работы. Исследование многообразия коронавирусов среди грызунов и насекомоядных в Республике Алтай.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. Грызуны (67  особей) и насекомоядные (52  особи) были отловлены в 2022 г. Образцы проанализированы методом обратной транскрипции – полимеразной цепной реакции и последующим секвенированием.

Результаты и обсуждение

Результаты и обсуждение. Положительными на коронавирусы оказались 4  образца от  грызунов (Myodes rutilus, M.  glareolus, Apodemus peninsulae, A.  agrarius) и  2  образца от  насекомоядного (Crocidura sibirica), в которых обнаружены 3  различных коронавируса. Ассоциированные с грызунами коронавирусы отнесены к роду Betacoronavirus, подроду Embecovirus и демонстрировали филогенетическое группирование в соответствии с видом природного носителя. Нуклеотидные последовательности сибирских изолятов коронавирусов от грызунов были идентичными для носителей близкородственных видов (M. rutilus и M. glareolus, A. agrarius и A. peninsulae) и близки (> 94 % гомологии) к ранее опубликованным последовательностям в каждой из групп носителей, обнаруженных на территории Новосибирской области, Европы и Китая. К роду Betacoronavirus отнесён и  коронавирус, выявленный от насекомоядного, возможно, относящийся к новому подроду семейства Coronaviridae.

Заключение

Заключение. Обнаружены 5  видов природных носителей 3  различных коронавирусов на территории Республики Алтай. Выявлен высокий уровень идентичности геномов коронавирусов от грызунов, свидетельствующий об относительно низкой скорости их эволюции.

Coronaviruses (family Coronaviridae, genera Alphacoronavirus, Betacoronavirus) are dangerous viral pathogens that have caused three outbreaks of severe respiratory diseases, SARS, MERS, COVID-19. In Russia, data on coronaviruses in natural reservoirs are limited, as investigations began only during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The aim

The aim. To study the diversity of coronaviruses among rodents and insectivores in the Republic of Altai.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. Rodents (n  =  67) and shrews (n  =  52) were captured in 2022. Samples were analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction followed by sequencing.

Results and conclusions

Results and conclusions. Four samples from rodents (Myodes rutilus, M. glareolus, Apodemus peninsulae, A. agrarius) and two samples from an insectivore (Crocidura sibirica) were positive for coronaviruses, among which three different coronaviruses were detected. Rodent-borne coronaviruses are classified in the genus Betacoronavirus, subgenera Embecovirus, and have shown host associated clustering. The nucleotide sequences of Siberian coronaviruses from rodents were identical for closely related species (M. rutilus and M. glareolus, A. agrarius and A. peninsulae) and close (> 94 % homology) to previously published sequences in each of the groups of carriers found in the territory Novosibirsk region, Europe and China. The coronavirus identified from the insectivore, possibly belonging to a new subgenera of the family Coronaviridae, has also been assigned to the genus Betacoronavirus.

Conclusion

Conclusion. Five species of natural carriers of three different coronaviruses were detected in the Altai Republic. A high level of identity of coronaviruses genomes from rodents has been revealed, indicating a relatively low rate of their evolution.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.