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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">actabiomedica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Acta Biomedica Scientifica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Acta Biomedica Scientifica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-9420</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9596</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29413/ABS.2023-8.6.9</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">actabiomedica-4496</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МИКРОБИОЛОГИЯ И ВИРУСОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MICROBIOLOGY AND VIRUSOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Идентификация и анализ структур CRISPR/Cas-систем в геномах антибиотикорезистентных штаммов Klebsiella pneumoniae</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Identification and analysis of CRISPR/Cas systems structures in the genomes of antibiotic-resistant strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5792-7283</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степаненко</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepanenko</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Степаненко Лилия Александровна – кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной вирусологии и биотехнологии, Научно-исследовательский институт биомедицинских технологий </p><p>664003, г. Иркутск, ул. Красного Восстания, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lilia A. Stepanenko – Cand. Sc. (Med.), Senior Research Officer at the Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Biotechnology, Research Institute of Biomedical Technologies </p><p>Krasnogo Vosstaniya str. 1, Irkutsk 664003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">steplia@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9751-6454</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сухов</surname><given-names>Б. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sukhov</surname><given-names>B. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сухов Борис Геннадьевич – кандидат химических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории наночастиц </p><p>630090, г. Новосибирск, ул. Институтская, 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Boris G. Sukhov – Cand. Sc. (Chem.), Leading Research Officer at the Laboratory of Nanoparticles </p><p>Institutskaya str. 3, Novosibirsk 630090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">boris_sukhov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0706-8692</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Конькова</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kon’kova</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Конькова Татьяна Владимировна – кандидат химических наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории наночастиц </p><p>630090, г. Новосибирск, ул. Институтская, 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana V. Kon’kova – Cand. Sc. (Chem.), Senior Research Officer at the Laboratory of Nanoparticles </p><p>Institutskaya str. 3, Novosibirsk 630090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">konbuivol_2@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9536-4795</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бединская</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bedinskaya</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бединская Виктория Владимировна – аспирант кафедры микробиологии, вирусологии и иммунологии </p><p>664003, г. Иркутск, ул. Красного Восстания, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Victoria V. Bedinskaya – Postgraduate at the Department of Microbiology, Virology and Immunology </p><p>Krasnogo Vosstaniya str. 1, Irkutsk 664003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vika-2801@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7776-2931</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клушина</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klushina</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Клушина Надежда Владимировна – аспирант, ведущий инженер лаборатории наночастиц </p><p>630090, г. Новосибирск, ул. Институтская, 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nadezhda V. Klushina – Postgraduate, Leading Engineer at the Laboratory of Nanoparticles </p><p>Institutskaya str. 3, Novosibirsk 630090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">klusinanadezda677@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0164-5113</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Злобин</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zlobin</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Злобин Владимир Игоревич – доктор медицинских наук, академик РАН, заведующий кафедрой микробиологии, вирусологии и иммунологии </p><p>664003, г. Иркутск, ул. Красного Восстания, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir I. Zlobin – Dr. Sc. (Med.), Member of the RAS, Head of the Department of Microbiology, Virology and Immunology </p><p>Krasnogo Vosstaniya str. 1, Irkutsk 664003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vizlobin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Иркутский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Irkutsk State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН Институт химической кинетики и горения им. В.В. Воеводского СО РАН</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>01</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>105</fpage><lpage>116</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Степаненко Л.А., Сухов Б.Г., Конькова Т.В., Бединская В.В., Клушина Н.В., Злобин В.И., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Степаненко Л.А., Сухов Б.Г., Конькова Т.В., Бединская В.В., Клушина Н.В., Злобин В.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Stepanenko L.A., Sukhov B.G., Kon’kova T.V., Bedinskaya V.V., Klushina N.V., Zlobin V.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/4496">https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/4496</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Обоснование</title><p>Обоснование. Klebsiella pneumoniae относится к группе бактерий-оппортунистов, обладающих способностью формировать множественную антибиотикорезистентность и передавать её разным видам бактерий путём горизонтального переноса генов. Данные исследования посвящены изучению структурного и функционального разнообразия CRISPR/Cas-систем, защищающих бактерии от инородной ДНК. Их анализ на примере антибиотикорезистентных штаммов Klebsiella pneumoniae продемонстрирует их устойчивость к определённым бактериофагам, что позволит разработать подходы в лечении сложных инфекционных заболеваний, вызванных данными микроорганизмами, путём создания таргетной фаговой терапии.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследований</title><p>Цель исследований. Выполнить биоинформатический анализ выявленных структурных компонентов CRISPR/Cas-систем для скрининга отбора бактериофагов через спейсеры CRISPR-кассет на примере антибиотикорезистентных штаммов Klebsiella pneumoniae.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В статье проанализированы 29 полногеномных последовательностей Klebsiella pneumoniae, в геноме которых были определены структуры CRISPR/Cas-систем и гены антибиотикорезистентности (по данным NCBI). Для решения поставленной цели с помощью программных методов моделирования произведён поиск Сas-генов и CRISPR-кассет, дана их структурная и функциональная характеристики.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. При помощи биоинформационных алгоритмов поиска в геноме антибиотикорезистентных штаммов были определены функционально активные CRISPR/Cas-системы с наличием одной или двух CRISPRкассет и относящиеся к Type I Subtype IЕ. Определены группы резистентных штаммов, обладающие идентичным спейсерным составом CRISPR-кассет. Проведён филогенетический анализ, подтверждающий их единое происхождение. Путём анализа спейсерных последовательностей CRISPR-кассет определён спектр разнообразия фагов бактерий рода Klebsiella, Salmonella, относящихся к  одному семейству Enterobacteriaceae. Таким образом, была  получена информация о  бактериофагах, на которые нацелено действие CRISPR-систем штаммов Klebsiella pneumoniae, обладающих антибиотикорезистентностью.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Анализ функциональных и структурных особенностей CRISPR/Cas-систем антибиотикорезистентных штаммов Klebsiella pneumoniae позволил получить информацию об их эволюционной истории и о бактериофагах, против которых направлено их действие, то  есть об их фагоустойчивости. Использованный в данный исследованиях подход в дальнейшем может послужить основой для создания персонифицированной фаготерапии.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Klebsiella pneumoniae belongs to a group of opportunistic bacteria that can form multiple resistance to antibiotics and transmit it to various types of bacteria through horizontal gene transfer. These studies examine the structural and functional diversity of CRISPR/Cas systems that protect bacteria from foreign DNA. Their analysis using the example of antibiotic-resistant strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae will demonstrate their resistance to certain bacteriophages, which will make it possible to develop approaches to the treatment of complex infectious diseases caused by these microorganisms by creating targeted phage therapy.</p></sec><sec><title>The aim</title><p>The aim. To perform a bioinformatics analysis of the identified structural components of CRISPR/Cas systems for screening bacteriophages through CRISPR cassette spacers using the example of antibiotic-resistant strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The article analyzed 29 full-genome sequences of Klebsiella pneumoniae, in the genome of which the structures of CRISPR/Cas systems and  antibiotic resistance genes were determined (according to NCBI). To achieve this  goal, using software modeling methods, a search was made for Cas genes and CRISPR cassettes, and their structural and functional characteristics were given.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Using bioinformatic search algorithms in the genome of antibiotic-resistant strains, functionally active CRISPR/Cas systems with the presence of one or two CRISPR cassettes and belonging to Type  I Subtype  IE were identified. Groups of resistant strains with identical spacer composition of CRISPR cassettes have been identified. A phylogenetic analysis was carried out confirming their common origin. By analyzing the spacer sequences of CRISPR cassettes, the spectrum of diversity of phages of bacteria of the genus Klebsiella, Salmonella, belonging to the same family Enterobacteriaceae, was determined. Thus, information was obtained about the bacteriophages that are targeted by the action of CRISPR systems of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains that have antibiotic resistance.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. Analysis of the functional and structural features of the CRISPR/Cas systems of antibiotic resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains made it possible to obtain information about their evolutionary history and about the bacteriophages against which their action is directed, that is, about their phage resistance. The approach used in this study may further serve as the basis for the creation of personalized phage therapy</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Klebsiella pneumoniae</kwd><kwd>антибиотикорезистентность</kwd><kwd>CRISPR/Cas-система</kwd><kwd>спейсер</kwd><kwd>протоспейсер</kwd><kwd>бактериофаг</kwd><kwd>биоинформатика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Klebsiella pneumoniae</kwd><kwd>spacer</kwd><kwd>antibiotic resistance</kwd><kwd>CRISPR/Cas-system</kwd><kwd>bacteriophage</kwd><kwd>protospacer</kwd><kwd>bioinformatics</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счёт гранта Российского научного фонда №  22-25-00449 (https://rscf.ru/ project/22-25-00449).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">World Health Organization. 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