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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">actabiomedica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Acta Biomedica Scientifica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Acta Biomedica Scientifica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-9420</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9596</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29413/ABS.2023-8.4.21</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">actabiomedica-4356</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОФТАЛЬМОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>OPHTHALMOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Современные анатомо-физиологические основы поддержания прозрачности стромы роговицы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modern anatomical and physiological bases for maintaining the transparency of the corneal stroma</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1921-8072</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Краснер</surname><given-names>К. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krasner</surname><given-names>K. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Краснер Кристина Юрьевна – врач-офтальмолог; младший научный сотрудник лаборатории клеточных технологий </p><p>630096, г. Новосибирск, ул. Колхидская, 10; 630060, г. Новосибирск, ул. Тимакова, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kristina Yu. Krasner – Ophthalmologist; Junior Research Officer at the Laboratory of Cell Technology </p><p>Kolkhidskaya str. 10, Novosibirsk 630096;Timakova str. 2, Novosibirsk 630060</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kityli@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9956-0056</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Повещенко</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Poveshchenko</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Повещенко Ольга Владимировна – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующая лабораторией клеточных технологий </p><p>630060, г. Новосибирск, ул. Тимакова, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga V. Poveshchenko – Dr. Sc. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Laboratory of Cell Technology </p><p>Timakova str. 2, Novosibirsk 630060</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">poveschenkoov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4752-988X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суровцева</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Surovtseva</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Суровцева Мария Александровна – кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории клеточных технологий </p><p>630060, г. Новосибирск, ул. Тимакова, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria A. Surovtseva – Cand. Sc. (Med.), Senior Research Officer at the Laboratory of Cell Technology </p><p>Timakova str. 2, Novosibirsk 630060</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mfelde@ngs.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7592-8984</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трунов</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trunov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Трунов Александр Николаевич – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, руководитель научного отдела </p><p>630096, г. Новосибирск, ул. Колхидская, 10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr N. Trunov – Dr. Sc. (Med.), Professor </p><p>Kolkhidskaya str. 10, Novosibirsk 630096</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">trunov1963@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7380-2763</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ким</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ким Ирина Иннокентьевна – кандидат медицинских наук, научный сотрудник лаборатории клеточных технологий </p><p>630060, г. Новосибирск, ул. Тимакова, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina I. Kim – Cand. Sc. (Med.), Research Officer at the Laboratory of Cell Technology </p><p>Timakova str. 2, Novosibirsk 630060</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kii5@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8443-656X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бондаренко</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bondarenko</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бондаренко Наталия Анатольевна – кандидат медицинских наук, научный сотрудник лаборатории клеточных технологий </p><p>630060, г. Новосибирск, ул. Тимакова, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia A. Bondarenko – Cand. Sc. (Med.), Research Officer at the Laboratory of Cell Technology </p><p>Timakova str. 2, Novosibirsk 630060</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bond802888@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7623-3359</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черных</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernykh</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Черных Валерий Вячеславович – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, директор </p><p>630096, г. Новосибирск, ул. Колхидская, 10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valery V. Chernykh – Dr. Sc. (Med.), Professor, Director </p><p>Kolkhidskaya str. 10, Novosibirsk 630096</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">chernych@mntk.nsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Новосибирский филиал ФГАУ «НМИЦ «МНТК «Микрохирургия глаза» имени академика С.Н. Фёдорова» Минздрава России;&#13;
Научно-исследовательский институт клинической и экспериментальной лимфологии – филиал ФГБНУ «Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Novosibirsk Branch of the S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution;&#13;
Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology – Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт клинической и экспериментальной лимфологии – филиал ФГБНУ «Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology – Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Новосибирский филиал ФГАУ «НМИЦ «МНТК «Микрохирургия глаза» имени академика С.Н. Фёдорова» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Novosibirsk Branch of the S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>186</fpage><lpage>198</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Краснер К.Ю., Повещенко О.В., Суровцева М.А., Трунов А.Н., Ким И.И., Бондаренко Н.А., Черных В.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Краснер К.Ю., Повещенко О.В., Суровцева М.А., Трунов А.Н., Ким И.И., Бондаренко Н.А., Черных В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Krasner K.Y., Poveshchenko O.V., Surovtseva M.A., Trunov A.N., Kim I.I., Bondarenko N.A., Chernykh V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/4356">https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/4356</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья представляет собой литературный обзор на тему современной концепции анатомо-физиологического строения и функционирования роговицы. Строгая морфологическая структура и гомеостаз ткани роговицы обеспечивают её прозрачность. Изучение механизмов, регулирующих постоянство внутренней среды ткани роговицы, позволяет приблизиться к  пониманию перспектив регенеративной терапии патологии стромы роговицы. В статье подробно рассматриваются роль и функциональный потенциал стромальных клеток роговицы, которые способны к обратной цитодифференцировке, что в первую очередь обеспечивает поддержание гомеостаза ткани и прозрачности роговицы. Функциональная активность клеток роговицы может изменяться по ряду причин, которые могут носить характер экзогенных, ятрогенных (травма, инфекции и  др.) либо быть эндогенными. К эндогенным причинам относят: патологии ауторегуляции клеток (например, ферментопатии); дефекты транспортных систем, приводящих к гипоксии тканей; расстройства нервно-гуморальной регуляции трофики. Физическая причина нарушения прозрачности роговицы заключается в увеличении рассеивания света. В статье приводится пять основных причин повышенного светорассеяния в непрозрачной роговице, а также представлен обзор основных веществ – компонентов и продуктов клеточного синтеза стромальных клеток роговицы: цитокинов и факторов роста (комплекс из сигнальной молекулы и рецептора SDF1/CXCR4, инсулиноподобный фактор роста 1, фактор некроза опухоли альфа, молекула межклеточной адгезии 1, эритропоэтин, нейротрофические факторы, и др). Таким образом, помутнение роговицы может вызываться как одним патогенетическим механизмом, так и комплексным воздействием нескольких факторов. Основные процессы регуляции тканевого гомеостаза направлены на поддержание уникальной морфологической структуры роговицы.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article presents a literature review of the modern concept of anatomical and physiological structure and functioning of the cornea. The strict morphological structure and corneal tissue homeostasis ensure its transparency. Studying the mechanisms that regulate the constancy of the corneal tissue internal environment allows us to get closer to understanding the prospects forregenerative therapy for the corneal stroma pathology. The article discusses in detail the role and functional potential of corneal stromal cells, which are capable of reverse cytologic differentiation, which primarily ensures the maintenance of tissue homeostasis and corneal transparency. The functional activity of corneal cells can change for a number of reasons, which may be exogenous, iatrogenic (trauma, infection, etc.) or endogenous. Endogenous causes include: cell autoregulation pathologies (for example, enzyme defects); defects in transport systems leading to tissue hypoxia; disorders of the neuro-humoral regulation of trophism. The physical reason forthe violation of the corneal transparency is an increase in the light scattering. The article presents five main causes of increased light scattering in the opaque cornea, and also provides an overview of the main substances – components and products of cellular synthesis of corneal stromal cells: cytokines and growth factors (complex of the signal molecule and the SDF1/CXCR4 receptor, insulin-like growth factor 1, tumor necrosis factor alpha, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, erythropoietin, neurotrophic factors, etc.). Thus, corneal opacity can be caused by a single pathogenic mechanism or be the result of a complex effect of several factors. The main processes of tissue homeostasis regulation are aimed at maintaining the unique morphological structure of the cornea.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гомеостаз роговицы</kwd><kwd>кератоциты</kwd><kwd>строма роговицы</kwd><kwd>прозрачность роговицы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>corneal structure</kwd><kwd>keratocyte</kwd><kwd>corneal stroma</kwd><kwd>corneal transparency</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках Государственных заданий Министерства науки и образования Российской Федерации № 10210609088973 и Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации № 121072800029-0.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Robaei D, Watson S. Corneal blindness: A global problem. 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