<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">actabiomedica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Acta Biomedica Scientifica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Acta Biomedica Scientifica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-9420</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9596</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29413/ABS.2023-8.4.10</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">actabiomedica-4340</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЕНЕТИКА, ПРОТЕОМИКА И МЕТАБОЛОМИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GENETICS, PROTEOMICS AND METABOLOMICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Секвенирование фрагмента гена лептина у подростков с разным статусом веса</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Sequencing of a fragment of the leptin gene in adolescents with different weight status</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3704-830X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баирова</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bairova</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Баирова Татьяна Ананьевна – доктор медицинских наук, заведующая лабораторией персонализированной медицины </p><p>664003, г. Иркутск, ул. Тимирязева, 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana A. Bairova – Dr. Sc. (Med.), Head of the Laboratory of Personalized Medicine </p><p>Timiryazeva str. 16, Irkutsk 664003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tbairova38@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0690-4636</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ершова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ershova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ершова Оксана Александровна – кандидат биологических наук, научный сотрудник лаборатории персонализированной медицины </p><p>664003, г. Иркутск, ул. Тимирязева, 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oksana  A. Ershova – Cand.  Sc. (Biol.), Research Officer at the Laboratory of Personalized Medicine </p><p>Timiryazeva str. 16, Irkutsk 664003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">oksana111088@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5790-6282</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самбялова</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sambyalova</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Самбялова Александра Юрьевна – младший научный сотрудник лаборатории персонализированной медицины </p><p>664003, г. Иркутск, ул. Тимирязева, 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexandra  Yu. Sambyalova – Junior Research Officer at the Laboratory of Personalized Medicine </p><p>Timiryazeva str. 16, Irkutsk 664003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sambialova95@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6050-5287</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беляева</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belyaeva</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Беляева Елена Владимировна – кандидат биологических наук, научный сотрудник лаборатории персонализированной медицины </p><p>664003, г. Иркутск, ул. Тимирязева, 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena V. Belyaeva – Cand. Sc. (Biol.), Research Officer at the Laboratory of Personalized Medicine </p><p>Timiryazeva str. 16, Irkutsk 664003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">belyeva_irk@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3396-9590</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Синьков</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sinkov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Синьков Вячеслав Владимирович – кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории эпидемиологически и социально-значимых инфекций </p><p>664003, г. Иркутск, ул. Тимирязева, 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viacheslav V. Sinkov – Cand. Sc. (Med.), Senior Research Officer at the Laboratory of Epidemiologically and Socially Significant Infections </p><p>Timiryazeva str. 16, Irkutsk 664003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vsinkov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0117-2563</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рычкова</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rychkova</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рычкова Любовь Владимировна – доктор медицинских наук, член-корреспондент РАН, директор </p><p>664003, г. Иркутск, ул. Тимирязева, 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lyubov V. Rychkova – Dr. Sc. (Med.), Corresponding Member of the RAS, Director </p><p>Timiryazeva str. 16, Irkutsk 664003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">iphr@sbamsr.irk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научный центр проблем здоровья семьи и репродукции человека»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific Сentre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>92</fpage><lpage>100</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Баирова Т.А., Ершова О.А., Самбялова А.Ю., Беляева Е.В., Синьков В.В., Рычкова Л.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Баирова Т.А., Ершова О.А., Самбялова А.Ю., Беляева Е.В., Синьков В.В., Рычкова Л.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bairova T.A., Ershova O.A., Sambyalova A.Y., Belyaeva E.V., Sinkov V.V., Rychkova L.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/4340">https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/4340</self-uri><abstract><p>Ожирение – значимая социальная проблема среди населения всего мира. В настоящее время ген лептина (LEP) рассматривается как потенциальный ген-кандидат, влияющий на метаболические нарушения, ассоциированные с предрасположенностью к избыточной массе тела и ожирению. Лептин играет важную роль в гомеостазе массы тела, влияя на потребление пищи и расход энергии и поддерживая постоянные запасы энергии. Дефект гена лептина может быть одной из причин ожирения и, как следствие, различных патологий, связанных с ожирением. </p><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Поиск однонуклеотидных полиморфизмов (SNP, singlenucleotide polymorphism) гена лептина у подростков с разным статусом веса. </p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. В исследовании приняли участие 20 подростков 11–17 лет с нормальной массой тела и избыточной массой тела/ожирением. Методы исследования: оценка клинического статуса с антропометрией; секвенирование по методу Сенгера фрагмента гена лептина, локализованного в интроне данного гена – (5’-AGCCTTGTTTTCATCATCTGGA, 3’-TGGGAGGAATCGCTCTCAGA). Также проведена биоинформационная обработка результатов секвенирования. </p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В результате исследования проведён подбор оптимальных условий амплификации участка гена лептина размером 891 п. н. для вышеуказанной пары праймеров гена LEP (s16_L891, s16_R891). По результатам секвенирования идентифицировано 45 однонуклеотидных замен гена LEP, в том числе 23  однонуклеотидные замены ранее не  зарегистрированные в  GenBank. В группе подростков с избыточной массой тела и  ожирением идентифицировано 14 незарегистрированных однонуклеотидных замен гена LEP и 13 зарегистрированных SNP в базе данных GenBank. В группе подростков с нормальной массой тела данные SNP не обнаружены.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Obesity is a significant social problem among the population of the world. The leptin gene (LEP) is currently considered as a potential candidate gene influencing metabolic disorders associated with predisposition to overweight and obesity. Leptin plays an important role in body weight homeostasis by influencing food intake and energy expenditure and maintaining constant energy stores. A defect in the leptin gene may be one of the causes of obesity and, as a result, of various obesity-associated pathologies. </p></sec><sec><title>The aim of the study</title><p>The aim of the study. To search for single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of the leptin gene in adolescents with different weight status. </p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. The study involved 20  adolescents aged 11–17  years with normal body weight and  overweight/obesity. Research methods: assessment of clinical status with  anthropometry; Sanger sequencing of the leptin gene fragment localized in the  intron of this gene – (5’-AGCCTTGTTTTCATCATCTGGA, 3’-TGGGAGGAATCGCTCTCAGA). We also carried out bioinformatic processing of sequencing results. </p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. As a result of the study, the optimal conditions for amplification of the 891 bps leptin gene region were selected for the above mentioned primer pair of the LEP gene (s16_L891, s16_R891). Based on the results of sequencing, 45 single nucleotide substitutions of the LEP gene were identified, including 23 single nucleotide substitutions which were not previously registered in GenBank. In the group of adolescents with overweight and obesity, 14 unregistered single nucleotide substitutions of the LEP gene and 13 registered SNPs were identified in the GenBank database. In the group of adolescents with normal body weight, these SNPs were not found.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ген лептина</kwd><kwd>секвенирование</kwd><kwd>избыточная масса тела</kwd><kwd>ожирение</kwd><kwd>лептин</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>leptin gene</kwd><kwd>sequencing</kwd><kwd>overweight</kwd><kwd>obesity</kwd><kwd>leptin</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mazidi M, Banach M, Kengne AP. Prevalence of childhood and adolescent overweight and obesity in Asian countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Med Sci. 2018; 14(6): 1185-1203. doi: 10.5114/aoms.2018.79001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mazidi M, Banach M, Kengne AP. Prevalence of childhood and adolescent overweight and obesity in Asian countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Med Sci. 2018; 14(6): 1185-1203. doi: 10.5114/aoms.2018.79001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Choquet H, Meyre D. Genomic insights into early-onset obesity. Genome Med. 2010; 2(6): 36. doi: 10.1186/gm157</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Choquet H, Meyre D. Genomic insights into early-onset obesity. Genome Med. 2010; 2(6): 36. doi: 10.1186/gm157</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bell CJ, Walley AJ, Froguel P. The genetics of human obesity. Nat Rev Genet. 2005; 6(3): 221-234. doi: 10.1038/nrg1556</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bell CJ, Walley AJ, Froguel P. The genetics of human obesity. Nat Rev Genet. 2005; 6(3): 221-234. doi: 10.1038/nrg1556</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jin X, Qiu T, Li L, Yu R, Chen X, Li C, et al. Pathophysiology of obesity and its associated diseases. Acta Pharm Sin B. 2023; 13(6): 2403-2424. doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.01.012</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jin X, Qiu T, Li L, Yu R, Chen X, Li C, et al. Pathophysiology of obesity and its associated diseases. Acta Pharm Sin B. 2023; 13(6): 2403-2424. doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.01.012</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бальжиева В.В., Баирова Т.А., Рычкова Л.В., Аюрова Ж.Г., Колесников С.И. Этногенетические аспекты ожирения у детей и подростков. Вопросы детской диетологии. 2017; 15(5): 29-34.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Balzhieva VV, Bairova TA, Rychkova LV, Ayurova ZhG, Kolesnikov SI. Ethnogenetic aspects of obesity in children and adolescents. Pediatric Nutrition. 2017; 15(5): 29-34. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Колесникова Л.И., Рычкова Л.В., Колесников С.И., Даренская М.А., Гаврилова О.А., Кравцова О.В., и др. Оценка системы липопероксидации и антиоксидантной защиты у мальчиковподростков с экзогенно-конституциональным ожирением с использованием коэффициента окислительного стресса. Вопросы питания. 2018; 87(1): 28-34.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kolesnikova LI, Rychkova LV, Kolesnikov SI, Darenskaya MA, Gavrilova OA, Kravtsova OV, et al. The evaluation of the lipid peroxidation system and antioxidant defense in adolescent boys with exogenously constitutive obesity with using the coefficient of oxidative stress. Problems of Nutrition. 2018; 87(1): 28-34. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Darenskaya MA, Kolesnikova LI, Rychkova LV, Kravtsova OV, Semenova NV, Kolesnikov SI. Relationship between lipid metabolism state, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense system in girls with constitutional obesity. AIMS Molecular Science. 2021; 8(2): 117-126.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Darenskaya MA, Kolesnikova LI, Rychkova LV, Kravtsova OV, Semenova NV, Kolesnikov SI. Relationship between lipid metabolism state, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense system in girls with constitutional obesity. AIMS Molecular Science. 2021; 8(2): 117-126.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee GH, Proenca R, Montez JM, Carroll KM, Darvishzadeh JG, Lee JI, et al. Abnormal splicing of the leptin receptor in diabetic mice. Nature. 1996. 379(6566): 632-635. doi: 10.1038/379632a0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee GH, Proenca R, Montez JM, Carroll KM, Darvishzadeh JG, Lee JI, et al. Abnormal splicing of the leptin receptor in diabetic mice. Nature. 1996. 379(6566): 632-635. doi: 10.1038/379632a0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Piqueras P, Ballester A, Durá-Gil JV, Martinez-Hervas S, Redón J, Real JT. Anthropometric indicators as a tool for diagnosis of obesity and other health risk factors: A literature review. Front Psychol. 2021; 12: 631179. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.631179</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Piqueras P, Ballester A, Durá-Gil JV, Martinez-Hervas S, Redón J, Real JT. Anthropometric indicators as a tool for diagnosis of obesity and other health risk factors: A literature review. Front Psychol. 2021; 12: 631179. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.631179</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Obradovic M, Sudar-Milovanovic E, Soskic S, Essack M, Arya S, Stewart AJ, et al. Leptin and obesity: Role and clinical implication. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021; 12: 585887. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2021.585887</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Obradovic M, Sudar-Milovanovic E, Soskic S, Essack M, Arya S, Stewart AJ, et al. Leptin and obesity: Role and clinical implication. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021; 12: 585887. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2021.585887</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Luis de DA, Perez Castrillón JL, Dueñas A. Leptin and obesity. Minerva Med. 2009; 100(3): 229-236.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Luis de DA, Perez Castrillón JL, Dueñas A. Leptin and obesity. Minerva Med. 2009; 100(3): 229-236.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Isse N, Ogawa Y, Tamura N, Masuzaki H, Mori K, Okazaki T, et al. Structural organization and chromosomal assignment of the human obese gene. J Biol Chem. 1995; 270(46): 27728-327733. doi: 10.1074/jbc.270.46.27728</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Isse N, Ogawa Y, Tamura N, Masuzaki H, Mori K, Okazaki T, et al. Structural organization and chromosomal assignment of the human obese gene. J Biol Chem. 1995; 270(46): 27728-327733. doi: 10.1074/jbc.270.46.27728</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">National Library of Medicine. SNP links for gene (select 3952). URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/snp/?LinkName=gene_snp&amp;from_uid=3952 [date of access: 03.07.2023].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">National Library of Medicine. SNP links for gene (select 3952). URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/snp/?LinkName=gene_snp&amp;from_uid=3952 [date of access: 03.07.2023].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rychkova L, Bairova T, Ievleva K, Balzhieva V, Rashidova M, Kolesnikova L. LEP rs2167270 and plasma leptin level in adolescents with overweight and obesity. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology. 2018; 25(2): 18-54.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rychkova L, Bairova T, Ievleva K, Balzhieva V, Rashidova M, Kolesnikova L. LEP rs2167270 and plasma leptin level in adolescents with overweight and obesity. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology. 2018; 25(2): 18-54.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дедов И.И., Петеркова В.А. (ред.). Федеральные клинические рекомендации (протоколы) по ведению детей с эндокринными заболеваниями. М.: Практика; 2014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dedov II, Peterkova VA (eds). Federal clinical guidelines (protocols) for the management of children with endocrine diseases. Moscow: Pratika; 2014. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ожирение и избыточный вес. Информационный бюллетень ВОЗ. 2021. URL: https://www.who.int/ru/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight [date of access: 03.07.2023]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Obesity and overweight. World Health Organization Fact Sheet. 2021. (In Russ).. URL: https://www.who.int/ru/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight [date of access: 03.07.2023]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">National Library of Medicine. Basic local alignment search tool. URL: https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi [date of access: 03.07.2023].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">National Library of Medicine. Basic local alignment search tool. URL: https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi [date of access: 03.07.2023].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">National Library of Medicine. Homo sapiens leptin (LEP), RefSeqGene on chromosome 7. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NG_007450.1?report=graph [date of access: 03.07.2023].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">National Library of Medicine. Homo sapiens leptin (LEP), RefSeqGene on chromosome 7. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NG_007450.1?report=graph [date of access: 03.07.2023].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thermo Fisher Scientific. Tm calculator. URL: https://www.thermofisher.com. [date of access: 03.07.2023].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thermo Fisher Scientific. Tm calculator. URL: https://www.thermofisher.com. [date of access: 03.07.2023].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
