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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">actabiomedica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Acta Biomedica Scientifica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Acta Biomedica Scientifica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-9420</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9596</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29413/ABS.2023-8.2.11</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">actabiomedica-4075</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МИКРОБИОЛОГИЯ И ВИРУСОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MICROBIOLOGY AND VIRUSOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Экспрессия генов soxRS-регулона в клетках бактерий, подвергнутых действию различных стресс-факторов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Expression of the soxRS regulon in bacterial cells exposed to various stress factors</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3477-750X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ахова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akhova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ахова Анна Викторовна – кандидат биологических наук, научный сотрудник лаборатории адаптации микроорганизмов, Институт экологии и генетики микроорганизмов Уральского отделения РАН – филиал ФГБУН Пермского федерального исследовательского центра УрО РАН; ведущий научный сотрудник научно-исследовательской лаборатории органического синтеза, Пермский ГНИУ.</p><p>614081, Пермь, ул. Голева; 614068, Пермь, ул. Букирева, 15</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna V. Akhova – Cand. Sc (Biol), Researcher Officer at the Laboratory of Microbial Adaptation, Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Branch of the RAS – Branch of the Perm Federal Research Center UB RAS; Senior Research Officer at the Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Perm SU.</p><p>Goleva str. 13, Perm 614081; Bukireva str. 15, Perm 614068</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">akhovan@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8631-8583</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ткаченко</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tkachenko</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ткаченко Александр Георгиевич – доктор медицинских наук, заведующий лабораторией адаптации микроорганизмов, Институт экологии и генетики микроорганизмов Уральского отделения РАН – филиал ФГБУН Пермского федерального исследовательского центра УрО РАН; профессор кафедры микробиологии и иммунологии ГНИУ.</p><p>614081, Пермь, ул. Голева; 614068, Пермь, ул. Букирева, 15</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander G. Tkachenko – Dr. Sc (Med), Head of the Laboratory of Microbial Adaptation, Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Branch of the RAS – Branch of the Perm Federal Research Center UB RAS, Professor at the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Perm SU.</p><p>Goleva str. 13, Perm 614081; Bukireva str. 15, Perm 614068</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">agtkachenko@iegm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт экологии и генетики микроорганизмов Уральского отделения Российской академии наук – филиал ФГБУН Пермского федерального исследовательского центра УрО РАН; ФГАОУ ВО «Пермский государственный национальный исследовательский университет»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences – Branch of the Perm Federal Research Center UB RAS; Perm State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>05</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>117</fpage><lpage>123</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ахова А.В., Ткаченко А.Г., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ахова А.В., Ткаченко А.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Akhova A.V., Tkachenko A.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/4075">https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/4075</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. В формирование устойчивости бактерий к антибиотикам вносят вклад различные адаптивные механизмы, в том числе гены защитного ответа на окислительный стресс, объединённые в soxRSрегулон. В стрессовых условиях в клетках бактерий происходит повышение продукции активных форм кислорода и развитие окислительного стресса. Можно предположить, что повышенный уровень активных форм кислорода будет активировать экспрессию генов soxRS-регулона, что может обеспечить преадаптацию бактерий к воздействию антибиотиков.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Исследовать изменение экспрессии генов, входящих в soxRS-регулон, в клетках Escherichia coli, подвергнутых действию NaCl, повышенных температур и уксусной кислоты.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Уровень экспрессии генов определяли с использованием штаммов E. coli, несущих репортерные генные слияния промотора исследуемого гена (soxS, nfo) со структурной частью гена lacZ, в условиях периодического культивирования в бульоне LB без перемешивания.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Активацию экспрессии генов soxRS-регулона вызывало воздействие NaCl и уксусной кислоты, а тепловой шок сопровождался снижением генной экспрессии. Увеличение уровня экспрессии наблюдалось в клетках, подвергнутых стрессам низкой (не вызывавшим снижения количества колониеобразующих единиц в культуре к четвёртому часу воздействия по сравнению с началом стрессового воздействия) и средней интенсивности (вызывавшим снижение количества колониеобразующих единиц на порядок), а стрессовые воздействия высокой интенсивности (вызывавшие снижение количества колониеобразующих единиц более чем на порядок) вне зависимости от их физико-химической природы сопровождались снижением экспрессии генов soxRS-регулона.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. В исследованных условиях только осмотический стресс, вызванный внесением NaCl, сопровождался значимой активацией генов, входящих в soxRS-регулон. Сублетальное воздействие NaCl, вызывая повышение экспрессии генов soxRS-регулона в 2–2,5 раза, может обеспечивать преадаптацию бактерий к факторам, на противодействие которым направлен данный регулон, в том числе к антибактериальным препаратам.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Some stress responses contribute to the formation of bacterial antibiotic resistance, including the soxRS oxidative defense regulon. Elevation of reactive oxygen species production and oxidative stress was detected in bacterial cells exposed to various environmental stresses. It can be supposed that a stress-mediated increase in the level of reactive oxygen species will activate the expression of the soxRS regulon genes, which may provide pre-adaptation to antibiotics.</p></sec><sec><title>The aim</title><p>The aim. To study changes in the expression of soxRS regulon genes in Escherichia coli cells exposed to NaCl, acetic acid, and heating.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Gene expression was measured in cells bearing reporter gene fusions (soxS::lacZ, nfo::lacZ). An overnight broth culture was diluted in fresh LB broth to OD600 = 0.1 and cultivated at 37 °C without stirring until OD600 = 0.3, then the stressors were applied.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Exposure to NaCl and acetic acid activated the expression of soxRS regulon genes, while heating caused a decrease in gene expression. An increase in the expression level was observed in cells subjected to stresses of low intensity (which did not cause a decrease in the number of colony-forming units (CFU) by the 4th hour of exposure compared to the beginning of the stress exposure) and medium intensity (which caused a 10-fold decrease in the number of CFU), whereas high-intensity stresses (which caused a decrease in the number of CFU by more than 10 times), regardless of their nature, were accompanied by a decrease in the expression of the soxRS regulon genes.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Under the conditions studied, only the osmotic stress caused by the addition of NaCl was accompanied by a significant activation of the soxRS regulon genes. Sublethal exposure to NaCl, causing an increase in the expression of soxRS regulon genes by 2–2.5 times, may provide pre-adaptation of bacteria to the factors that this regulon is aimed at counteracting, including antibacterial drugs.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>осмотический шок</kwd><kwd>кислотный стресс</kwd><kwd>нагревание</kwd><kwd>окислительный стресс</kwd><kwd>антибиотики</kwd><kwd>soxS</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>osmotic shock</kwd><kwd>acid stress</kwd><kwd>heat shock</kwd><kwd>oxidative stress</kwd><kwd>antibiotics</kwd><kwd>soxS</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации (АААА-А19-119112290009-1)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Blair JM, Webber MA, Baylay AJ, Ogbolu DO, Piddock LJ. 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