The present work reviews the evolution of the traditional medicine in Buryatia; the contribution of Oriental medical schools and the Russian experience of herbal treatment were emphasized. This convergence process was developed in virtue of the geopolitical situation of the Republic. The evolution of the tradition and contribution of ethnic medical schools was schematically presented in the article. The aim of the work was to substantiate the originality of the Buryat traditional medicine. The data elucidating the pervasion of Eastern traditions due to the influence of Buddhism and the experience of the Russian settlers are given in the article. Peculiarity of the traditional medicine in this region involves the use of indigenous plants, original formularies and healing technologies. Approach to health and illness, principles of diagnostics and specific methods of treatment remain common to Eastern medical traditions. The article provides insight into the main findings of the study of this tradition. They include such aspects as the translation of written sources, development of new technologies and methods for the treatment and prevention of some diseases, new medicinal preparations and health-improving means recommended for practical use. Besides, there have been discussed the prospects for integration of rational methods and means from the array of the traditional medicine of Buryatia with modern medical and pharmaceutical technologies.