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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">actabiomedica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Acta Biomedica Scientifica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Acta Biomedica Scientifica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-9420</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9596</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29413/ABS.2023-8.1.2</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">actabiomedica-3983</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДИСКУССИОННЫЕ СТАТЬИ, ЛЕКЦИИ, НОВЫЕ ТРЕНДЫ МЕДИЦИНСКОЙ НАУКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DISCUSSION PAPERS, LECTURES, NEW TRENDS IN MEDICAL SCIENCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Клеточный и гуморальный иммунитет при COVID-19 в Республике Крым</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cell-mediated and humoral immunity during COVID-19 in the Republic of Crimea</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8216-4196</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зяблицкая</surname><given-names>Е. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zyablitskaya</surname><given-names>E. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зяблицкая Евгения Юрьевна - доктор медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник Центральной научно-исследовательской лаборатории, Институт «Медицинская академияимени С.И. Георгиевского», </p><p>295007, г. Симферополь, пр. Вернадского, 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgenia Yu. Zyablitskaya – Dr. Sc. (Med.), Leading Research Officer at the Central Research Laboratory, Medical Academy named after S.I. Georgievsky,</p><p>Vernadsky ave. 4, 295007 Simferopol</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">evgu79@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1878-4467</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кудлай</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kudlay</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кудлай Дмитрий Анатольевич – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, член-корреспондент РАН, профессор кафедры фармакологии, Институт фармации, 119991, г. Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2;</p><p>ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории персонализированной медицины и молекулярной иммунологии № 71, 115522, г. Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry A. Kudlay – Dr. Sc. (Med.), Professor, Corresponding Member of RAS, Professor at the Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Trubetskaya str. 8 build. 2, Moscow 119991;</p><p>Leading Research Officer at the Laboratory of Personalized Medicine and Molecular Immunology, Kashirskoe Highway 24, Moscow 115522</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">d624254@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2398-4615</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колесник</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolesnik</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Колесник Светлана Владимировна – младший научный сотрудник лаборатории клинической иммунологии, </p><p>117997, г. Москва, ул. Академика Опарина, 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana V. Kolesnik – Junior Research Officer at the Department of Laboratory of Clinical Immunology,</p><p>Academika Oparina str. 4, Moscow 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">svetlab.kolesnik@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1884-2620</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макалиш</surname><given-names>Т. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makalish</surname><given-names>T. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Макалиш Татьяна Павловна – кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник Центральной научно-исследовательской лаборатории, Институт «Медицинская академия имени С.И. Георгиевского», </p><p>295007, г. Симферополь, пр. Вернадского, 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana P. Makalish – Cand. Sc. (Biol.), Leading Research Officer at the Central Research Laboratory, </p><p>Vernadsky ave. 4, 295007 Simferopol</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gemini_m@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5920-8664</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Максимова</surname><given-names>П. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maksimova</surname><given-names>P. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Максимова Полина Евгеньевна – студентка шестого курса первого медицинского факультета, Институт «Медицинская академия имени С.И. Георгиевского», </p><p>295007, г. Симферополь, пр. Вернадского, 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Polina E. Maksimova – 6-year Student at the First Medical Faculty, Medical Academy named after S.I. Georgievsky,</p><p>Vernadsky ave. 4, 295007 Simferopol</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">polina_maksimova_2000@mail.ua</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3900-1671</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куницкая</surname><given-names>Ю. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kunitskaya</surname><given-names>Yu. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Куницкая Юлия Евгеньевна – младший научный сотрудник Центральной научно-исследовательской лаборатории, Институт «Медицинская академия имени С.И. Георгиевского»,</p><p>295007, г. Симферополь, пр. Вернадского, 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia E. Kunitskaya – Junior Research Officer at the Central Research Laboratory, Medical Academy named after S.I. Georgievsky,</p><p>Vernadsky ave. 4, 295007 Simferopol</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">uu1995.95lia@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3556-1399</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Грицкевич</surname><given-names>О. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gritskevich</surname><given-names>O. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Грицкевич Ольга Юрьевна – младший научный сотрудник Центральной научно-исследовательской лаборатории, Институт «Медицинская академия имени С.И. Георгиевского», </p><p>295007, г. Симферополь, пр. Вернадского, 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga Yu. Gritskevich – Junior Research Officer at the Central Research Laboratory, Medical Academy named after S.I. Georgievsky,</p><p>Vernadsky ave. 4, 295007 Simferopol</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sudmedma@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3578-5130</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Головкин</surname><given-names>И. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Golovkin</surname><given-names>I. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Головкин Илья Олегович – младший научный сотрудник Центральной научно-исследовательской лаборатории, Институт «Медицинская академия имени С.И. Георгиевского», </p><p>295007, г. Симферополь, пр. Вернадского, 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilya O. Golovkin – Junior Research Officer at the Central Research Laboratory, Medical Academy named after S.I. Georgievsky, </p><p>Vernadsky ave. 4, 295007 Simferopol</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">golovkin.io.1996@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3065-5748</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фомочкина</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fomochkina</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фомочкина Ирина Ивановна – доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры общей и клинической патофизиологии, Институт «Медицинская академия имени С.И. Георгиевского», </p><p>295007, г. Симферополь, пр. Вернадского, 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina I. Fomochkina – Dr. Sc. (Med.), Professor at the Department of General and Clinical Pathophysiology, Medical Academy named after S.I. Georgievsky,</p><p>Vernadsky ave. 4, 295007 Simferopol</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fomochkina_i@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1309-4005</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кубышкин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kubyshkin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кубышкин Анатолий Владимирович – доктор медицинских наук, заведующий кафедрой общей и клинической патофизиологии, Институт «Медицинская академия имени С.И. Георгиевского», </p><p>295007, г. Симферополь, пр. Вернадского, 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anatoly V. Kubyshkin – Dr. Sc. (Med.), Head of the Department of General and Clinical Pathophysiology, Medical Academy named after S.I. Georgievsky,</p><p>Vernadsky ave. 4, 295007 Simferopol</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kubyshkin_av@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Крымский федеральный университет имени В.И. Вернадского»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет);&#13;
ФГБУ «Государственный научный центр «Институт иммунологии» ФМБА России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University);&#13;
National Research Center Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии имени академика В.И. Кулакова» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>12</fpage><lpage>19</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Зяблицкая Е.Ю., Кудлай Д.А., Колесник С.В., Макалиш Т.П., Максимова П.Е., Куницкая Ю.Е., Грицкевич О.Ю., Головкин И.О., Фомочкина И.И., Кубышкин А.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Зяблицкая Е.Ю., Кудлай Д.А., Колесник С.В., Макалиш Т.П., Максимова П.Е., Куницкая Ю.Е., Грицкевич О.Ю., Головкин И.О., Фомочкина И.И., Кубышкин А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zyablitskaya E.Y., Kudlay D.A., Kolesnik S.V., Makalish T.P., Maksimova P.E., Kunitskaya Y.E., Gritskevich O.Y., Golovkin I.O., Fomochkina I.I., Kubyshkin A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/3983">https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/3983</self-uri><abstract><p>Пандемия COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) послужила стимулом к разработке высокоэффективных количественных методов оценки адаптивного иммунного ответа на вирус SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndromerelated coronavirus 2).</p><p>С целью оценки гуморального звена иммунного ответа широко применяют различные методы детекции иммуноглобулинов классов А, М, G. Для оценки уровня Т-клеток, специфически отвечающих на антигены вируса SARS-CoV-2, наиболее доступным и эффективным методом представляется ELISPOT.</p><sec><title>Цель работы</title><p>Цель работы. Оценить клеточный и гуморальный иммунитет при COVID-19 у жителей Республики Крым.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. Выполнено исследование на 24 добровольцах: определяли наличие антител к коронавирусу методом иммуноферментного анализа (ИФА) и наличие контакта с белками коронавируса методом ELISPOT «ТиграТест® SARS-CoV-2» (АО  «Генериум», Россия). Для  ретроспективного исследования гуморального иммунитета в популяции оценили 10  000  ИФА-тестов (ЗАО «ЭКОлаб» IgМ и IgG, Россия), выполненных в нашей лаборатории за период с июля 2020 по январь 2022 г.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Полученные результаты показывают эффективность использования метода ELISPOT для выявления скрытых форм коронавирусной инфекции. При этом следует отметить, что есть статистически значимая связь между сроками заболевания и количеством спотов в обеих панелях антигенов. После вакцинации против COVID-19 клеточный иммунитет сохраняется до 6 месяцев и более.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. В  результате исследования установлено, что на протяжении 2021 г. уровень иммунизации населения Республики Крым против COVID-19 существенно повысился; возросла доля жителей, имеющих положительный тест на IgG, – с 27  % до 87  %. Результаты исследований методом ELISPOT с использованием набора реагентов для выявления in vitro в крови Т-лимфоцитов, специфически отвечающих на антигены вируса SARS-CоV-2 («ТиграТест® SARS-CoV-2»), показали, что данная методика является более чувствительной, чем метод ИФА, способна выявлять перенесённые в скрытой форме заболевания. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic has spurred the development of highly effective quantitative methods for assessing the adaptive immune response to the SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2) virus. In order to assess the humoral component of the immune response, various methods for detecting immunoglobulins A, M, G are widely used. ELISPOT seems to be the most accessible and effective method to assess the level of T cells that specifically respond to the SARS-CoV-2 virus antigens.</p><sec><title>The aim</title><p>The aim. To assess cell-mediated and humoral immunity in COVID-19 in residents of the Republic of Crimea.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. The study was performed on 24 volunteers: the presence of coronavirus antibodies was determined by ELISA method, and the presence of contact with coronavirus proteins – by the ELISPOT “TigraTest®  SARS-CoV-2” method (Generium, Russia). For retrospective study of  humoral immunity in the population, we assessed 10 000 ELISA tests (ECOlab IgM and IgG, Russia) performed in our laboratory for the period from July 2020 to January 2022.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The results show the effectiveness of using the ELISPOT method to detect latent forms of coronavirus infection. It is important to note that there is statistically significant relationship between the timing of the disease and the number of spots in  both antigen panels. After vaccination against SARS-CoV-2, cell-mediated immunity lasts up to 6 months or more.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. As a result of the study, it was found that during 2021, the level of  immunization of the population of the Republic of Crimea against COVID-19 has significantly increased; the proportion of residents who have positive IgG test has increased from 27 % to 87 %. The results of ELISPOT studies using a set of reagents for in vitro detection of blood T-lymphocytes that specifically respond to SARS-COV-2 virus antigens (“TigraTest® SARS-CoV-2”) showed that this method is more sensitive than ELISA in detecting latent diseases. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>клеточный иммунитет</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2  ELISPOT</kwd><kwd>ТиграТест</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cell-mediated immunity</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2 ELISPOT</kwd><kwd>TigraTest</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа поддержана программой «Приоритет 2030» № 075-15-2021-1323.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Falzone L, Gattuso G, Tsatsakis A, Spandidos DA, Libra M. 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