<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">actabiomedica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Acta Biomedica Scientifica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Acta Biomedica Scientifica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-9420</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9596</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29413/ABS.2022-7.6.19</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">actabiomedica-3897</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОФТАЛЬМОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>OPHTHALMOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности морфологической и ультраструктурной организации роговицы (обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Features of morphological and ultrastructural organization of the cornea (literature review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7470-7330</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Халимов</surname><given-names>А. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khalimov</surname><given-names>A. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Халимов Азат Рашидович – доктор биологических наук, заведующий научно-инновационным отделением </p><p>450008, г. Уфа, ул. Пушкина, 90, Россия </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Azat R. Khalimov – Dr. Sc. (Biol.), Head of the Scientific and Innovative Department</p><p>Pushkina str. 90, Ufa 450008, Russian Federation </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">azrakhal@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8314-8961</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суркова</surname><given-names>В. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Surkova</surname><given-names>V. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Суркова Валентина Константиновна – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, ведущий научный сотрудник отделения хирургии роговицы и хрусталика </p><p> 450008, г. Уфа, ул. Пушкина, 90, Россия </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valentina K. Surkova – Dr. Sc. (Med.), Professor, Leading Research Officer at the Department of Surgery of the Cornea and Lens </p><p>Pushkina str. 90, Ufa 450008, Russian Federation </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vksurkova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0569-1264</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казакбаева</surname><given-names>Г. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazakbaeva</surname><given-names>G. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Казакбаева Гюлли Мухаррамовна – кандидат медицинских наук, врач-офтальмолог II микрохирургического отделения</p><p> 450008, г. Уфа, ул. Пушкина, 90, Россия </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gyuli M. Kazakbaeva – Cand. Sc. (Med.), Ophthalmologist at the Microsurgical Department No 2 </p><p>Pushkina str. 90, Ufa 450008, Russian Federation </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gyulli.kazakbaeva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1008-1516</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Усубов</surname><given-names>Э. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Usubov</surname><given-names>E. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Усубов Эмин Логман оглы – кандидат медицинских наук, заведующий отделением хирургии роговицы и хрусталика </p><p>450008, г. Уфа, ул. Пушкина, 90, Россия </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Emin L. Usubov – Cand. Sc. (Med.), Head of the Department of Surgery of the Cornea and Lens </p><p>Pushkina str. 90, Ufa 450008, Russian Federation </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">emines.us@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1659-9877</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Халимова</surname><given-names>Л. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khalimova</surname><given-names>L. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Халимова Лилия Илюсовна – врач-офтальмолог III микрохирургического отделения</p><p> 450008, г. Уфа, ул. Пушкина, 90, Россия </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Liliya I. Khalimova – Ophthalmologist at the Microsurgical Department No 3</p><p>Pushkina str. 90, Ufa 450008, Russian Federation </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">iliyashamsiyarova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8105-710X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зайнуллина</surname><given-names>Н. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaynullina</surname><given-names>N. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зайнуллина Нелли Булатовна – кандидат медицинских наук, заведующий отделением амбулаторного приёма </p><p> 450008, г. Уфа, ул. Пушкина, 90, Россия </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nelly B. Zaynullina – Cand. Sc. (Med.), Ophthalmologist, Head of the Department of Outpatient Reception </p><p>Pushkina str. 90, Ufa 450008, Russian Federation </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nellichka555@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУ «Уфимский научноисследовательский институт глазных болезней Академии наук Республики Башкортостан»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ufa Eye Research Institute</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>194</fpage><lpage>202</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Халимов А.Р., Суркова В.К., Казакбаева Г.М., Усубов Э.Л., Халимова Л.И., Зайнуллина Н.Б., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Халимов А.Р., Суркова В.К., Казакбаева Г.М., Усубов Э.Л., Халимова Л.И., Зайнуллина Н.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khalimov A.R., Surkova V.K., Kazakbaeva G.M., Usubov E.L., Khalimova L.I., Zaynullina N.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/3897">https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/3897</self-uri><abstract><p>Роговица человека – передняя фиброзная оболочка глаза, представляет собой уникальную упорядоченную оптико-биологическую систему, структура которой аваскулярна, насыщена нервными окончаниями, включает тканеспецифичные клетки, состоит преимущественно из различных типов коллагена. Исключительной особенностью коллагена слоёв роговицы, в т. ч. коллагеновых пластин стромы, является прозрачность, что в свою очередь обеспечивает физиологическую рефракцию и светопроведение за счёт стабильных опорных свойств роговой оболочки. Данные о морфологическом строении роговицы, являющейся важным элементом оптической системы глаза, представляют значительный интерес не только с теоретических, но и с практических позиций. Это связано с тем, что выявление первых признаков отклонения от нормальных физиологических морфологических и ультраструктурных критериев в роговице позволяет установить характер её патологических изменений, которые могут быть вызваны как наследственной предрасположенностью, так и местными и общими расстройствами. Показано, что истончение слоёв роговицы, снижение плотности эндотелиоцитов или кератоцитов сигнализируют о развитии в ней дистрофических процессов. Кроме оценки количественных морфометрических данных важную роль играют изменения качественных ультраструктурных показателей. В частности, было установлено, что снижение плотности эндотелиальных клеток неизменно сопровождается увеличением их размера и уменьшением клеточного ядра. Кроме этого, для ряда дегенеративных патологических состояний характерны уменьшение диаметра коллагеновых фибрилл и изменение плотности фибриллярной упаковки.В настоящем обзоре литературы представлены основные сведения, особенности морфологии, ультраструктурной организации и функционального предназначения слоёв и клеток роговой оболочки глаза человека.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The human cornea – the anterior fibrous membrane of the eye, is a unique ordered optical-biological system that is avascular, saturated with nerve endings, includes tissue-specific cells, consists mainly of various types of collagen. An exceptional feature of the collagen layers of the cornea, including the collagen plates of the stroma, is transparency, which provides physiological refraction and light transmission due to the stable supporting properties of the cornea. The data on the morphological structure of the cornea, which is an important element of the optical system of the eye, are of considerable interest not only from theoretical, but also from practical positions. This is due to the fact that the identification of the first signs of deviation from normal physiological morphological and ultrastructural criteria in the cornea allows us to establish the nature of its pathological changes, which can be caused by both hereditary predisposition and local and general disorders. It has been shown that the thinning of the layers of the cornea, a decrease in the density of endotheliocytes or keratocytes signal the development of dystrophic processes in it. In addition to evaluating quantitative morphometric data, changes in qualitative ultrastructural indicators play an important role. In particular it was found that a decrease in the density of endothelial cells is accompanied by an increase in their size and a decrease in the cell nucleus. In addition, a number of degenerative pathological conditions are characterized by a decrease in the diameter of collagen fibrils and a change in the density of fibrillary packaging.This literature review presents basic information, features of morphology, ultrastructural organization and functional purpose of layers and cells of the human cornea.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>роговица</kwd><kwd>морфология роговицы</kwd><kwd>функциональные показатели морфологических структур роговицы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cornea</kwd><kwd>corneal morphology</kwd><kwd>functional indicators of morphological structures of the cornea</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Финансовое обеспечение работы осуществлено ГБУ «Уфимский научно-исследовательский институт глазных болезней Академии наук Республики Башкортостан».</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бикбов М.М., Бикбова Г.М. Эктазии роговицы (патогенез, патоморфология, клиника, диагностика, лечение). М., 2011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bikbov MM, Bikbova GM. Corneal ectasia (pathogenesis, pathomorphology, clinical picture, diagnosis, treatment). Moscow, 2011. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sridhar M. Anatomy of cornea and ocular surface. Indian J. Ophthalmol. 2018; 66(2): 190-194. doi: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_646_17</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sridhar M. Anatomy of cornea and ocular surface. Indian J. Ophthalmol. 2018; 66(2): 190-194. doi: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_646_17</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ehlers N, Heegaard S, Hjortdal J, Ivarsen A, Nielsen K, Prause JU. Morphological evaluation of normal human corneal epithelium. Acta Ophthalmol. 2010; 88(8): 858-861. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2009.01610.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ehlers N, Heegaard S, Hjortdal J, Ivarsen A, Nielsen K, Prause JU. Morphological evaluation of normal human corneal epithelium. Acta Ophthalmol. 2010; 88(8): 858-861. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2009.01610.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dua HS, Faraj LA, Said DG, Gray T, Lowe J. Human corneal anatomy redefined: A novel pre-Descemet’s layer (Dua’s layer). Ophthalmology. 2013; 120(9): 1778-1785. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.01.018</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dua HS, Faraj LA, Said DG, Gray T, Lowe J. Human corneal anatomy redefined: A novel pre-Descemet’s layer (Dua’s layer). Ophthalmology. 2013; 120(9): 1778-1785. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.01.018</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dua HS, Faraj LA, Branch MJ, Yeung AM, Elalfy MS, Said DG, et al. The collagen matrix of the human trabecular meshwork is an extension of the novel pre-Descemet’s layer (Dua’slayer). Br J Ophthalmol. 2014; 98(5): 691-697. doi: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2013-304593</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dua HS, Faraj LA, Branch MJ, Yeung AM, Elalfy MS, Said DG, et al. The collagen matrix of the human trabecular meshwork is an extension of the novel pre-Descemet’s layer (Dua’slayer). Br J Ophthalmol. 2014; 98(5): 691-697. doi: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2013-304593</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhou L, Beuerman RW, Foo Y, Liu S, Ang LP, Tan DT. Characterisation of human tear proteins using high-resolution mass spectrometry. Ann Acad Med Singapore. 2006; 35(6): 400-407.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhou L, Beuerman RW, Foo Y, Liu S, Ang LP, Tan DT. Characterisation of human tear proteins using high-resolution mass spectrometry. Ann Acad Med Singapore. 2006; 35(6): 400-407.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бикбов М.М., Суркова В.К. Прогностическое значение изменений конъюнктивы и роговицы при сахарном диабете. Вестник офтальмологии. 2019; 135(1): 90-97. doi: 10.17116/oftalma201913501190</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bikbov MM, Surkova VK. The predictive value of changes in the conjunctiva and cornea in diabetes mellitus. Vestnik oftalmologii. 2019; 135(1): 90-97. (In Russ.). doi: 10.17116/oftalma201913501190</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mustonen RK, McDonald MB, Srivannaboon S, Tan AL, Doubrava MW, Kim CK. Normal human corneal cell populations evaluated by in vivo scanning slit confocal microscopy. Cornea. 1998; 17(5): 485-492. doi: 10.1097/00003226-199809000-00005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mustonen RK, McDonald MB, Srivannaboon S, Tan AL, Doubrava MW, Kim CK. Normal human corneal cell populations evaluated by in vivo scanning slit confocal microscopy. Cornea. 1998; 17(5): 485-492. doi: 10.1097/00003226-199809000-00005</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Torricelli A, Singh V, Santhiago MR, Wilson SE. The corneal epithelial basement membrane: Structure, function, and disease. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013; 54(9): 6390-6400. doi: 10.1167/iovs.13-12547</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Torricelli A, Singh V, Santhiago MR, Wilson SE. The corneal epithelial basement membrane: Structure, function, and disease. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013; 54(9): 6390-6400. doi: 10.1167/iovs.13-12547</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Millin JA, Golub BM, Foster CS. Human basement membrane components of keratoconus and normal corneas. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1986; 27(4): 604-607.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Millin JA, Golub BM, Foster CS. Human basement membrane components of keratoconus and normal corneas. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1986; 27(4): 604-607.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Синельщикова И.В., Беляев Д.С., Петухова А.Б., Соловьева А.В. Морфология и медикаментозная коррекция процессов репаративной регенерации при повреждениях роговицы. Вестник офтальмологии. 2013; 1: 56-60.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sinelshchikova IV, Belyaev DS, Petukhova AB, Solovyova AV. Morophology and drug correction of reparative regeneration processes in corneal injuries. Vestnik oftalmologii. 2013; 1: 56-60. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Халимов А.Р., Бикбов М.М., Дроздова Г.А., Шевчук Н.Е., Казакбаева Г.М., Усубов Э.Л. Влияние стандартного и трансэпителиального УФ сшивания роговицы на динамику системного и локального уровня цитокинов у пациентов с кератоконусом. Российский иммунологический журнал. 2016; 10(1(19)): 65-72.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khalimov AR, Bikbov MMу, Drozdova GA, Shevchuk NE, Kazakbaeva GM, Usubov EL. The influence of standard and transepithelial UV corneal crosslinking on dynamics of system and local cytokines levels in keratoconus patients. Russian Journal of Immunology. 2016; 10(19)(1): 65-72. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Auran JD, Koester CJ, Kleiman NJ, Rapaport R, Bomann JS, Wirotsko BM, et al. Scanning slit confocal microscopic observation of cell morphology and movement within the normal human anterior cornea. Ophthalmology. 1995; 102(1): 33-41. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(95)31057-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Auran JD, Koester CJ, Kleiman NJ, Rapaport R, Bomann JS, Wirotsko BM, et al. Scanning slit confocal microscopic observation of cell morphology and movement within the normal human anterior cornea. Ophthalmology. 1995; 102(1): 33-41. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(95)31057-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gambato C, Longhin E, Catania AG, Lazzarini D, Parrozzani R, Midena E. Aging and corneal layers: an in vivo corneal confocal microscopy study. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2015; 253(2): 267-275. doi: 10.1007/s00417-014-2812-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gambato C, Longhin E, Catania AG, Lazzarini D, Parrozzani R, Midena E. Aging and corneal layers: an in vivo corneal confocal microscopy study. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2015; 253(2): 267-275. doi: 10.1007/s00417-014-2812-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wilson SE, Netto M, Ambrósio R Jr. Corneal cells: chatty in development, homeostasis, wound healing, and disease. Am J Ophthalmol. 2003; 136(3): 530-536. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9394(03)00085-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wilson SE, Netto M, Ambrósio R Jr. Corneal cells: chatty in development, homeostasis, wound healing, and disease. Am J Ophthalmol. 2003; 136(3): 530-536. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9394(03)00085-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nakayasu K, Tanaka M, Konomi H, Hayashi T. Distribution of types I, II, III, IV and V collagen in normal and keratoconus corneas. Ophthalmic Res. 1986; 8(1): 1-10. doi: 10.1159/000265406</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nakayasu K, Tanaka M, Konomi H, Hayashi T. Distribution of types I, II, III, IV and V collagen in normal and keratoconus corneas. Ophthalmic Res. 1986; 8(1): 1-10. doi: 10.1159/000265406</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marshall GE, Konstas AG, Lee WR. Immunogold fine structural localization of extracellular matrix components in aged human cornea. II. Collagen types V and VI. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 1991; 229(2): 164-171. doi: 10.1007/BF00170551</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marshall GE, Konstas AG, Lee WR. Immunogold fine structural localization of extracellular matrix components in aged human cornea. II. Collagen types V and VI. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 1991; 229(2): 164-171. doi: 10.1007/BF00170551</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Komai Y, Ushiki T. The three-dimensional organization of collagen fibrils in the human cornea and sclera. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1991; 32(8): 2244-2258.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Komai Y, Ushiki T. The three-dimensional organization of collagen fibrils in the human cornea and sclera. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1991; 32(8): 2244-2258.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hayashi S, Osawa T, Tohyama K. Comparative observations on corneas, with special reference to Bowman’s layer and Descemet’s membrane in mammals and amphibians. J Morphol. 2002; 254(3): 247-258. doi: 10.1002/jmor.10030</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hayashi S, Osawa T, Tohyama K. Comparative observations on corneas, with special reference to Bowman’s layer and Descemet’s membrane in mammals and amphibians. J Morphol. 2002; 254(3): 247-258. doi: 10.1002/jmor.10030</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Birk DE, Trelstad RL. Extracellular compartments in matrix morphogenesis: Collagen fibril, bundle, and lamellar formation by corneal fibroblasts. J Cell Biol. 1984; 99(6): 2024-2033. doi: 10.1083/jcb.99.6.2024</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Birk DE, Trelstad RL. Extracellular compartments in matrix morphogenesis: Collagen fibril, bundle, and lamellar formation by corneal fibroblasts. J Cell Biol. 1984; 99(6): 2024-2033. doi: 10.1083/jcb.99.6.2024</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Klyce SD, Russell SR. Numerical solution of coupled transport equations applied to corneal hydration dynamics. J Physiol. 1979; 292: 107-134. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1979.sp012841</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klyce SD, Russell SR. Numerical solution of coupled transport equations applied to corneal hydration dynamics. J Physiol. 1979; 292: 107-134. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1979.sp012841</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cintron C, Hong B, Covington HI, Macarak EJ. Heterogeneity of collagens in rabbit cornea: Type III collagen. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1988; 29(5): 767-775.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cintron C, Hong B, Covington HI, Macarak EJ. Heterogeneity of collagens in rabbit cornea: Type III collagen. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1988; 29(5): 767-775.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Багров С.Н. Реактивные изменения роговицы после имплантации аллопластических протезов: Дис. ... канд. мед. наук. М., 1975.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bagrov SN. Reactive changes in the cornea after implantation of alloplastic prostheses: Abstract of Dissertation of Cand. Sc. (Med.). Moscow; 1975. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Исаева Р.Т. Морфофункциональная характеристика репаративных процессов в роговице и возможности их фармакологической регуляции: Дис... канд. мед. наук. М., 1980.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Isaeva RT. Morphological and functional characteristics of reparative processes in the cornea and the possibility of their pharmacological regulation: Abstract of Dissertation of Cand. Sc. (Med.). Moscow; 1980. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kurpakus Wheater M, Kernacki KA, Hazlett LD. Corneal cell proteins and ocular surface pathology. Biotech Histochem. 1999; 74(3): 146-159. doi: 10.3109/10520299909047967</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kurpakus Wheater M, Kernacki KA, Hazlett LD. Corneal cell proteins and ocular surface pathology. Biotech Histochem. 1999; 74(3): 146-159. doi: 10.3109/10520299909047967</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maurice DM, Monroe F. Cohesive strength of corneal lamellae. Exp Eye Res. 1990; 50(1): 59-63. doi: 10.1016/0014-4835(90)90011-i</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maurice DM, Monroe F. Cohesive strength of corneal lamellae. Exp Eye Res. 1990; 50(1): 59-63. doi: 10.1016/0014-4835(90)90011-i</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Серов В.В., Шехтер А.Б. Соединительная ткань (функциональная морфология и общая патология). М., Медицина. 1981.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Serov VV, Shekhter AB. Connective tissue (functional morphology and general pathology). Moscow: Meditsina; 1981. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mааttа M, Vаisаnen T, Vаisаnen MR, Pihlajaniemi T, Tervo T. Altered expression of type XIII collagen in keratoconus and scarred human cornea: Increased expression in scarred cornea is associated with myofibroblast transformation. Cornea. 2006; 25(4): 448-453. doi: 10.1097/01.ico.0000183537.45393.1f</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mааttа M, Vаisаnen T, Vаisаnen MR, Pihlajaniemi T, Tervo T. Altered expression of type XIII collagen in keratoconus and scarred human cornea: Increased expression in scarred cornea is associated with myofibroblast transformation. Cornea. 2006; 25(4): 448-453. doi: 10.1097/01.ico.0000183537.45393.1f</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Можеренков В.П., Прокофьев Г.Л. Апитерапия глазных заболеваний (обзор). Вестник офтальмологии. 1991; 6: 73-75.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mozherenkov VP, Prokofiev GL. Apitherapy of eye diseases (review). Vestnik oftalmologii. 1991; 6: 73-75. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ruggiero F, Burillon C, Garrone R. Human corneal fibrillogenesis. Collagen V structural analysis and fibrillar assembly by stromal fibroblasts in culture. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1996; 37(9): 1749-1760.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ruggiero F, Burillon C, Garrone R. Human corneal fibrillogenesis. Collagen V structural analysis and fibrillar assembly by stromal fibroblasts in culture. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1996; 37(9): 1749-1760.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hirsch M, Prenant G, Renard G. Three-dimensional supramolecular organization of the extracellular matrix in human and rabbit corneal stroma, as revealed by ultrarapid-freezing and deep-etching methods. Exp Eye Res. 2001; 72(2): 123-135. doi: 10.1006/exer.2000.0935</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hirsch M, Prenant G, Renard G. Three-dimensional supramolecular organization of the extracellular matrix in human and rabbit corneal stroma, as revealed by ultrarapid-freezing and deepetching methods. Exp Eye Res. 2001; 72(2): 123-135. doi: 10.1006/exer.2000.0935</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Muller LJ, Pels L, Vrensen GF. Novel aspects of the ultrastructural organization of human corneal keratocytes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1995; 36(13): 2557-2567.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Muller LJ, Pels L, Vrensen GF. Novel aspects of the ultrastructural organization of human corneal keratocytes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1995; 36(13): 2557-2567.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Patel S, McLaren J, Hodge D, Bourne W. Normal human keratocyte density and corneal thickness measurement by using confocal microscopy in vivo. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2001; 42(2): 333-339.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Patel S, McLaren J, Hodge D, Bourne W. Normal human keratocyte density and corneal thickness measurement by using confocal microscopy in vivo. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2001; 42(2): 333-339.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dawson DG, Geroski DH, Edelhauser HF. Corneal endothelium; structure and function in health and disease. Elsevier Corneal surgery. Тhe 4th ed. 2005: 57-70.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dawson DG, Geroski DH, Edelhauser HF. Corneal endothelium; structure and function in health and disease. Elsevier Corneal surgery. Тhe 4th ed. 2005: 57-70.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Johnson DH, Bourne WM, Campbell RJ. The ultrastructure of Descemet’s membrane. I. Changes with age in normal corneas. Arch Ophthalmol. 1982; 100(12): 1942-1947. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1982.01030040922011</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Johnson DH, Bourne WM, Campbell RJ. The ultrastructure of Descemet’s membrane. I. Changes with age in normal corneas. Arch Ophthalmol. 1982; 100(12): 1942-1947. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1982.01030040922011</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fine BS, Yanoff M. Ocular histology: A text and atlas. Hagerstown: Harper &amp; Row; 1984.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fine BS, Yanoff M. Ocular histology: A text and atlas. Hagerstown: Harper &amp; Row; 1984.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sawada H, Konomi H, Hirosawa K. Characterization of the collagen in the hexagonal lattice of Descemet’s membrane: its relation to type VIII collagen. J Cell Biol. 1990; 110(1): 219-227. doi: 10.1083/jcb.110.1.219</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sawada H, Konomi H, Hirosawa K. Characterization of the collagen in the hexagonal lattice of Descemet’s membrane: its relation to type VIII collagen. J Cell Biol. 1990; 110(1): 219-227. doi: 10.1083/jcb.110.1.219</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Galgauskas S, Norvydaitė D, Krasauskaitė D, Stech S, Ašoklis RS. Age-related changes in corneal thickness and endothelial characteristics. Clin Interv Aging. 2013; 8: 1445-1450. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S51693</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galgauskas S, Norvydaitė D, Krasauskaitė D, Stech S, Ašoklis RS. Age-related changes in corneal thickness and endothelial characteristics. Clin Interv Aging. 2013; 8: 1445-1450. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S51693</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Scarpa F, Ruggeri A. Automated morphometric description of human corneal endothelium from in-vivo specular and confocal microscopy. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2016: 1296-1299. doi: 10.1109/EMBC.2016.7590944</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Scarpa F, Ruggeri A. Automated morphometric description of human corneal endothelium from in-vivo specular and confocal microscopy. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2016: 1296-1299. doi: 10.1109/EMBC.2016.7590944</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Waring GO, Bourne WM, Edelhauser HF, Kenyon KR. The corneal endothelium. Normal and pathologic structure and function. Ophthalmology. 1982; 89(6): 531-590.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Waring GO, Bourne WM, Edelhauser HF, Kenyon KR. The Фcorneal endothelium. Normal and pathologic structure and function. Ophthalmology. 1982; 89(6): 531-590.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Каспарова Е.А. Суббот А.М., Калинина Д.Б. Пролиферативный потенциал заднего эпителия роговицы человека. Вестник офтальмологии. 2013; 3: 82-87.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kasparova EA, Subbot AM, Kalinina DB. Proliferative potential of the posterior epithelium of the human cornea. Vestnik oftalmologii. 2013; 3: 82-87. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
