<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">actabiomedica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Acta Biomedica Scientifica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Acta Biomedica Scientifica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-9420</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9596</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29413/ABS.2022-7.6.11</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">actabiomedica-3887</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МИКРОБИОЛОГИЯ И ВИРУСОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MICROBIOLOGY AND VIRUSOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Генотипические свойства коллекционных штаммов чумного микроба из природных очагов чумы Казахстана</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Genotypic properties of collection plague microbes strains from the natural plague foci of Kazakhstan</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6322-0065</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мека-Меченко</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Meka-Mechenko</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мека-Меченко Татьяна Владимировна – главный научный сотрудник лаборатории чумы </p><p>050054, г. Алматы, ул. Жахангер, 14, Казахстан </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana V. Meka-Mechenko – Chief Research Officer at the Laboratory of Plague</p><p> Zhakhanger str. 14, Almaty 050054, Kazakhstan </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tmekamechenko@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4616-8728</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Избанова</surname><given-names>У. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Izbanova</surname><given-names>U. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Избанова Уйнкуль Айтеновна – заведующая лабораторией зоонозных бактериальных инфекций </p><p>050054, г. Алматы, ул. Жахангер, 14, Казахстан </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Uinkul A. Izbanova – Head of the Laboratory of Zoonotic Bacterial Infections </p><p> Zhakhanger str. 14, Almaty 050054, Kazakhstan </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">uincul71@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2738-6818</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абдел</surname><given-names>З. Ж.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abdel</surname><given-names>Z. Zh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Абдел Зият Жумадилович – ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории чумы </p><p>050054, г. Алматы, ул. Жахангер, 14, Казахстан </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Ziyat Zh. Abdel – Leading Research Officer at the Laboratory of Plague </p><p> Zhakhanger str. 14, Almaty 050054, Kazakhstan </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">abdelziyat767@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Накисбеков</surname><given-names>Н. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nakisbekov</surname><given-names>N. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Накисбеков Наримжан Окапович – ведущий научный сотрудник </p><p>050000, г. Алматы ул. Толе Би, 94, Казахстан </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Narimzhan O. Nakisbekov – Leading Research Officer</p><p> Tole bi str. 94, Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nnarym@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5818-8021</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лухнова</surname><given-names>Л. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lukhnova</surname><given-names>L. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лухнова Лариса Юрьевна - главный научный сотрудник лаборатории зоонозных бактериальных инфекций </p><p>050054, г. Алматы, ул. Жахангер, 14, Казахстан </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Larisa Yu. Lukhnova – Chief Research Officer at the Laboratory of Zoonotic Bacterial Infections </p><p> Zhakhanger str. 14, Almaty 050054, Kazakhstan </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">larissa.lukhnova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9278-4353</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Байтурсын</surname><given-names>Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baitursyn</surname><given-names>B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Байтурсын Болатбек – заведующий лабораторией чумы </p><p>050054, г. Алматы, ул. Жахангер, 14, Казахстан </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Bolatbek Baitursyn – Head of the Laboratory of Plague </p><p> Zhakhanger str. 14, Almaty 050054, Kazakhstan </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">b.bola-1993@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6567-2225</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Далибаев</surname><given-names>Ж. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dalibayev</surname><given-names>Zh. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Далибаев Жандос Сатыбалдиевич – научный сотрудник лаборатории чумы </p><p>050054, г. Алматы, ул. Жахангер, 14, Казахстан </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Zhandos S. Dalibayev – Research Officer at the Laboratory of Plague </p><p> Zhakhanger str. 14, Almaty 050054, Kazakhstan </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">DOper-1@nscedi.kz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1750-8105</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Умарова</surname><given-names>С. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Umarova</surname><given-names>S. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Умарова Сауле Кадырбековна – учёный секретарь </p><p>050054, г. Алматы, ул. Жахангер, 14, Казахстан </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Saule K. Umarova – Scientific Secretary </p><p> Zhakhanger str. 14, Almaty 050054, Kazakhstan </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Dscience-1@nscedi.kz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный научный центр особо опасных инфекций имени М. Айкимбаева</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>M. Aikimbayev’s National Scientific Center for Especially Dangerous Infections</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Казахский национальный медицинский университет имени С.Д. Асфендиярова</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>111</fpage><lpage>118</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мека-Меченко Т.В., Избанова У.А., Абдел З.Ж., Накисбеков Н.О., Лухнова Л.Ю., Байтурсын Б., Далибаев Ж.С., Умарова С.К., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мека-Меченко Т.В., Избанова У.А., Абдел З.Ж., Накисбеков Н.О., Лухнова Л.Ю., Байтурсын Б., Далибаев Ж.С., Умарова С.К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Meka-Mechenko T.V., Izbanova U.A., Abdel Z.Z., Nakisbekov N.O., Lukhnova L.Y., Baitursyn B., Dalibayev Z.S., Umarova S.K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/3887">https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/3887</self-uri><abstract><p>Обоснование. При эпидемиологическом и эпизоотологическом мониторинге природных очагов чумы необходим комплексный подход решения проблем с учётом фенотипической и генетической вариабельности Y. pestis и районирования природных очагов чумы. Внедрение новой молекулярно-генетической методологии, направленной на изучение геномного полиморфизма возбудителя чумы, обеспечивает получение достоверных результатов для дифференциации не только групп, но и отдельных штаммов. Цель исследования. Определение генотипов чумного микроба из разных автономных очагов Республики Казахстан.Материалы и методы. Изучены 105 штаммов Y. pestis, выделенных из различных природных очагов чумы Казахстана в 1951–2015 гг. Фенотипические свойства штаммов изучены стандартными микробиологическими методами. Применялась полимеразная цепная реакция (ПЦР) на выявление фрагментов генов cafl, pst и YPO2088. MLVA-анализ (multilocus variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) analysis) проводили по 25 VNTR-локусам.Результаты. Предварительно изучены фенотипические характеристики штаммов и проведено тестирование штаммов чумного микроба на специфичность с помощью тест-системы «Pest-Quest» (Казахстан). Исследование методом ПЦР подтвердило видоспецифическую принадлежность штаммов Y. pestis. Выявлено разнообразие штаммов при типичных фенотипических характеристиках. Методом MLVA-анализа по 25 ключевым локусам установлено, что исследуемые штаммы чумного микроба филогенетически наиболее близки к представителям биовара Mediaevalis. Получено филогенетическое дерево изученных штаммов. Установлено, что на территории Казахстана циркулируют 9 генотипов, и выявлено их распределение по определённым природным очагам чумы.Заключение. Полученная кластеризация свидетельствует о связи групп штаммов, полученных на дендрограмме методом MLVA25, с территориями определённых природных очагов чумы.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background. Epidemiological and epizootological monitoring of natural plague foci requires an integrated approach to solving problems, taking into account the phenotypic and genetic variability of Y. pestis and zoning of natural plague foci. The introduction of a new molecular genetic methodology aimed at studying the genomic polymorphism of the plague pathogen provides reliable results for the differentiation of not only groups, but also individual strains.The aim. To determine the genotypes of the plague microbe from different autonomous foci of the Republic of Kazakhstan.Materials and methods. 105 strains of Y. pestis isolated from various natural plague foci of Kazakhstan in 1951–2015 were studied. The phenotypic properties of the strains were studied using standard microbiological methods. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect fragments of the cafl, pst and YPO2088 genes. Multilocus variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) analysis (MLVA) was performed for 25 VNTR loci.Results. The phenotypic properties of the strains were preliminarily studied and the strains of the plague microbe were tested for specificity using the Pest-Quest test system (Kazakhstan). The PCR study confirmed the species-specific affiliation of Y. pestis strains. A variety of strains with typical phenotypic characteristics was revealed. MLVA for 25 key loci (MLVA25) revealed that the studied strains of the plague microbe are phylogenetically closest to the Mediaevalis biovar representatives. A phylogenetic tree of the studied strains has been obtained. It was found that 9 genotypes circulate on the territory of Kazakhstan, and their distribution in certain natural plague foci was determined.Conclusions. The resulting clustering indicates the relationship between the strain groups obtained on the dendrogram by the MLVA25 method and the territories of certain natural plague foci.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>генотипирование</kwd><kwd>штаммы</kwd><kwd>Y. pestis</kwd><kwd>генотипы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>genotyping</kwd><kwd>strains</kwd><kwd>Y. pestis</kwd><kwd>genotypes</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа была выполнена в рамках НТП «Разработка и научное обоснование технологий общественного здравоохранения, биологической безопасности для воздействия на профилактику опасных инфекционных заболеваний» (2021–2023 гг.) Министерства здравоохранения Республики Казахстан; ИРН BR11065207.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Achtman M, Zurth K, Morelli G, Torrea G, Guiyoule A, Carniel E. Yersinia pestis, the cause of plague, is a recently emerged clone of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999; 96(24): 14043-14048. doi: 10.1073/pnas.96.24.14043</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Achtman M, Zurth K, Morelli G, Torrea G, Guiyoule A, Carniel E. Yersinia pestis, the cause of plague, is a recently emerged clone of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999; 96(24): 14043-14048. doi: 10.1073/pnas.96.24.14043</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Qiu J, Guo Z, Liu H, Zhou D, Han Y, Yang R. DNA microarraybased global transcriptional profiling of Yersinia pestis in multicellularity. J Microbiol. 2008; 46(5): 557-563. doi: 10.1007/s12275-008-0140-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Qiu J, Guo Z, Liu H, Zhou D, Han Y, Yang R. DNA microarraybased global transcriptional profiling of Yersinia pestis in multicellularity. J Microbiol. 2008; 46(5): 557-563. doi: 10.1007/s12275-008-0140-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Knirel YA, Dentovskaya SV, Senchenkova SN, Shaikhutdinova RZ, Kocharova NA, Anisimov AP. Structural features and structural variability of the lipopolysaccharide of Yersinia pestis, the cause of plague. J Endotoxin Res. 2006; 12(1): 3-9. doi: 10.1179/096805105X67283</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Knirel YA, Dentovskaya SV, Senchenkova SN, Shaikhutdinova RZ, Kocharova NA, Anisimov AP. Structural features and structural variability of the lipopolysaccharide of Yersinia pestis, the cause of plague. J Endotoxin Res. 2006; 12(1): 3-9. doi: 10.1179/096805105X67283</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ruiz M, Rodríguez JC, Sirvent E, Escribano I, Cebrián L, Royo G. Usefulness of different techniques in the study of the epidemiology of salmonellosis. APMIS. 2003; 111(9): 848-856. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0463.2003.1110903.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ruiz M, Rodríguez JC, Sirvent E, Escribano I, Cebrián L, Royo G. Usefulness of different techniques in the study of the epidemiology of salmonellosis. APMIS. 2003; 111(9): 848-856. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0463.2003.1110903.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ерошенко Г.А., Одиноков Г.Н., Куклева Л.М., Павлова А.И., Краснов Я.М., Шавина Н.Ю., и др. Стандартный алгоритм молекулярного типирования штаммов Yersinia pestis. Журнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии. 2012; 3: 25-35.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eroshenko GA, Odinokov GN, Kukleva LM, Pavlova AI, Krasnov YaM, Shavina NYu, et al. Standard algorithm for molecular typing of Yersinia pestis strains. Journal of Microbiology, Epidemiology and Immunobiology. 2012; 3: 25-35. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Куклева Л.М., Шавина Н.Ю., Одиноков Г.Н., Оглодин Е.Г., Носов Н.Ю., Виноградова Н.А., и др. Анализ разнообразия и определение геновариантов штаммов возбудителя чумы из Монголии. Генетика. 2015; 51(3): 298-305. doi: 10.1134/S1022795415010068</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kukleva LM, Shavina NYu, Odinokov GN, Oglodin EG, Nosov NYu, Vinogradova NA, et al. Analysis of diversity and identification of the genovariants of plague agent strains from Mongolian foci. Russian Journal of Genetics. 2015; 51(3): 298-305. (In Russ.). doi: 10.1134/S1022795415010068</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cui Y, Yu C, Yan Y, Li D, Li Y, Jombart T, et al. Historical variation in mutational rate in an epidemic pathogen Yersinia pestis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013; 110(2): 577-582. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1205750110</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cui Y, Yu C, Yan Y, Li D, Li Y, Jombart T, et al. Historical variation in mutational rate in an epidemic pathogen Yersinia pestis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013; 110(2): 577-582. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1205750110</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eroshenko GA, Kutyrev VV. Biochemical and genetic peculiarities and the phylogenetic relationship of the non-main subspecies in the general scheme of the plague agent evolution. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2012; 954(1): 45-51. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4614-3561-7_6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eroshenko GA, Kutyrev VV. Biochemical and genetic peculiarities and the phylogenetic relationship of the non-main subspecies in the general scheme of the plague agent evolution. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2012; 954(1): 45-51. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4614-3561-7_6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ян Г., Евченко Ю.М., Грижебовский Г.М., и др. Диагностика, лечение и профилактика опасных инфекционных болезней. Биотехнология. Ветеринария. 1998: 408-409.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yan G, Evchenko YuM, Grizhebovsky GM, et al. Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of dangerous infectious diseases. Biotekhnologiya. Veterinariya. 1998: 408-409. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Платонов М.Е., Евсеева В.В., Дентовская С.В., Анисимов А.П. Молекулярное типирование Yersinia pestis. Молекулярная генетика, микробиология и вирусология. 2013; (2): 3-11. doi: 10.3103/S0891416813020067</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Platonov ME, Evseeva VV, Dentovskaya SV, Anisimov AP. Molecular typing of Yersinia pestis. Molecular Genetics, Microbiology and Virology. 2013; (2): 3-11. (In Russ.). doi: 10.3103/S0891416813020067</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Смирнова Н.И., Кутырев В.В. Сравнительный анализ молекулярно-генетических особенностей генома и их эволюционных преобразований у возбудителей холеры, чумы и сибирской язвы. Молекулярная генетика, микробиология и вирусология. 2006; (2): 9-19.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smirnova NI, Kutyrev VV. A comparative analysis of molecular-genetic peculiarities, of the genomes of cholera, plague</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Le Flèche P, Hauck Yo, Onteniente L, Prieur A, Denoeud F, Ramisse V, et al. A tandem repeats database for bacterial genomes: Application to the genotyping of Yersinia pestis and Bacillus anthracis. BMC Microbiology. 2001; 1(2): 2180-2193. doi: 10.1186/1471-2180-1-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">and anthrax agents and their evolutional transformations. Molecular Genetics, Microbiology and Virology. 2006; (2): 9-19. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pourcel C, André-Mazeaud F, Neubauer H, Ramisse F, Vergnaud G. Tandem repeats analysis for the high resolution phylogenetic analysis of Yersinia pestis. BMC Microbiol. 2004; 4: 22. doi: 10.1186/1471-2180-4-22</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Le Flèche P, Hauck Yo, Onteniente L, Prieur A, Denoeud F, Ramisse V, et al. A tandem repeats database for bacterial genomes: Application to the genotyping of Yersinia pestis and Bacillus anthracis. BMC Microbiology. 2001; 1(2): 2180-2193. doi: 10.1186/1471-2180-1-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pourcel C, André-Mazeaud F, Neubauer H, Ramisse F, Vergnaud G. Tandem repeats analysis for the high resolution phylogenetic analysis of Yersinia pestis. BMC Microbiol. 2004; 4: 22. doi: 10.1186/1471-2180-4-22</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pourcel C, André-Mazeaud F, Neubauer H, Ramisse F, Vergnaud G. Tandem repeats analysis for the high resolution phylogenetic analysis of Yersinia pestis. BMC Microbiol. 2004; 4: 22. doi: 10.1186/1471-2180-4-22</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
