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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">actabiomedica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Acta Biomedica Scientifica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Acta Biomedica Scientifica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-9420</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9596</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29413/ABS.2022-7.5-2.13</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">actabiomedica-3832</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МОРФОЛОГИЯ, ФИЗИОЛОГИЯ И ПАТОФИЗИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MORPHOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Морфологические изменения головного мозга при циррозе печени алкогольной и вирусной этиологии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Morphological changes in the brain in liver cirrhosis of alcoholic and viral etiology</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1582-2106</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Майбогин</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maybogin</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Майбогин Артемий Михайлович – врач-патологоанатом отдела патологической анатомии</p><p>105062, г. Москва, ул. Садовая-Черногрязская, 14/19</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Artemij M. Maybogin – Pathologist at the Department of Pathology</p><p>Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya str. 14/19, Moscow 105064</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">uvb777@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Недзьведь</surname><given-names>М. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nedzvedz</surname><given-names>M. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Недзьведь Михаил Константинович – доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры патологической анатомии</p><p>220116, г. Минск, пр. Дзержинского, 83</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail K. Nedzvedz – Dr. Sc. (Med.), Professor at the Department of Pathological Anatomy</p><p>Dzerzhinskogo ave. 83, Minsk 220116</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bsmu@bsmu.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корнев</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kornev</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Корнев Николай Владимирович – заместитель начальника по медицинской части</p><p>220045, г. Минск, ул. Семашко, 8, корп. 8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolay V. Kornev – Deputy Chief Medical Officer</p><p>Semashko str. 8, corpus 8, Minsk 220045</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр глазных болезней им. Гельмгольца» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>УО «Белорусский государственный медицинский университет»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Belarusian State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>УЗ «Городское клиническое патологоанатомическое бюро»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>City Clinical Pathological and Anatomical Bureau</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>5-2</issue><fpage>122</fpage><lpage>130</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Майбогин А.М., Недзьведь М.К., Корнев Н.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Майбогин А.М., Недзьведь М.К., Корнев Н.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Maybogin A.M., Nedzvedz M.K., Kornev N.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/3832">https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/3832</self-uri><abstract><p>Обоснование. Печёночная энцефалопатия является актуальной проблемой современной медицины. Вместе с тем, её патогенез и гистологическая картина в настоящее время остаются недостаточно изученными. Ещё меньше известно о влиянии на них природы основного печёночного заболевания. Это определяет актуальность морфологических исследований головного мозга на поздних стадиях цирроза печени различной этиологии.Цель исследования. Установить и сопоставить морфологические изменения головного мозга при циррозе печени алкогольной и вирусной (вирус гепатита С) этиологии.Материалы и методы. Проведено морфологическое исследование головного мозга 40 умерших от цирроза в исходе хронической HCV-инфекции и 23 умерших от алкогольного цирроза. Изучены гистологические изменения в различных отделах мозга с применением обзорной и элективных окрасок. В случаях HCV-инфекции проведено иммуногистохимическое исследование для определения экспрессии антигенов HCV NS3 и CD68 в различных отделах мозга.Результаты. В основе морфологической картины поражения мозга в материале из обеих исследованных групп лежат патологические изменения нейронов, глии и мелких церебральных сосудов, что соответствует классическим представлениям о патогенезе печёночной энцефалопатии. Вместе с тем в каждой группе наблюдался ряд морфологических особенностей, наиболее яркие из которых касались проявлений глиальной реакции. В группе алкогольного цирроза преобладали продуктивные изменения клеток макроглии с появлением множественных альцгеймеровских астроцитов II типа, а также спонгиоформные изменения в белом веществе. В отличии от этого, при циррозе в исходе HCV-инфекции обращали на себя внимание реактивные изменения клеток микроглии по типу микроглиоза в белом веществе мозга.Заключение. Показаны особенности гистологических изменений головного мозга на терминальных стадиях заболевания печени алкогольной и вирусной этиологии. Это позволяет расширить существующие представления о морфологической картине печёночной энцефалопатии, что может быть использовано при изучении её патогенеза.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background. Hepatic encephalopathy is an actual problem of modern medicine. However, its pathogenesis and histological picture are currently insufficiently studied. Less is known about the impact of the nature of primary liver disease on pathogenesis and histological picture of hepatic encephalopathy. This determines the relevance of further morphological studies of the brain in the late stages of liver cirrhosis of various etiologies.The aim. To establish and compare the morphological changes in the brain in alcoholic liver cirrhosis and viral (hepatitis C virus (HCV)) cirrhosis.Materials and methods. The morphological study of the brain of 40 deceased in outcome of HCV-associated cirrhosis and 23 patients died in outcome of chronic alcoholism was carried out. Histological changes in various parts of the brain were studied using survey and elective stains. The immunohistochemical study of HCV NS3 and CD68 expression in different brain regions was performed in cases of HCV-infection.Results. The changes of neurons, glial cells and cerebral microvessels underlie in the basis of morphological picture of brain damage in both studied groups underlie that corresponds to the “classical” model of hepatic encephalopathy pathogenesis. At the same time, a number of morphological features were observed. The most prominent differences concerned the manifestations of the glial reaction. The productive changes of macroglial cells with the appearance of multiple Alzheimer’s astrocytes type 2 as well as spongious changes in subcortical white matter dominated in the observations of alcoholic cirrhosis. In contrast, microglia cells reaction (microgliosis) in white matter was noticed in HCV-associated cirrhosis.Conclusions. The differences in histological signs of brain in the terminal stages of liver disease of viral and alcoholic etiology are shown. They broaden current idea of morphological picture of hepatic encephalopathy, and may be used to study its pathogenesis.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>печёночная энцефалопатия</kwd><kwd>вирус гепатита С</kwd><kwd>алкогольный цирроз печени</kwd><kwd>мозг</kwd><kwd>глия</kwd><kwd>морфологические изменения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hepatic encephalopathy</kwd><kwd>hepatitis C virus</kwd><kwd>alcoholic liver cirrhosis</kwd><kwd>brain</kwd><kwd>glia</kwd><kwd>morphological changes</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, European Association for the Study of the Liver. 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