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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">actabiomedica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Acta Biomedica Scientifica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Acta Biomedica Scientifica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-9420</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9596</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29413/ABS.2022-7.2.14</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">actabiomedica-3432</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НЕВРОЛОГИЯ И НЕЙРОХИРУРГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>NEUROLOGY AND NEUROSURGERY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Постуральные нарушения пожилых пациентов неврологического генеза: патогенез и особенности диагностики (обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Postural disorders of neurological genesis in elderly patients: pathogenesis and features of diagnostics (literature review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6116-199X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маховская</surname><given-names>Т. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makhovskaya</surname><given-names>T. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>профессор, доцент, врач-невролог</p><p>121359, г. Москва, ул. Маршала Тимошенко, 19, стр. 1а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Professor, Docent, Neurologist</p><p>Marshala Timoshenko str. 19, build. 1A, Moscow 121359</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">iulya.minakowa@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щербина</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shcherbina</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, врач-невролог отделения неврологии, мануальной терапии, рефлексотерапии</p><p>119002, г. Москва, пер. Сивцев Вражек, 26/28</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sc. (Med.), Neurologist at the Department of Neurology, Manual Therapy, Reflexology</p><p>Sivtsev Vrazhek lane 26/28, Moscow 119002</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">iulya.minakowa@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васичкин</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasichkin</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-невролог отделения неврологии, мануальной терапии, рефлексотерапии</p><p>119002, г. Москва, пер. Сивцев Вражек, 26/28</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Neurologist at the Department of Neurology, Manual Therapy, Reflexology</p><p>Sivtsev Vrazhek lane 26/28, Moscow 119002</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">iulya.minakowa@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1248-0545</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гарманова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Garmanova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-невролог отделения неврологии для больных с ОНМК</p><p>121359, г. Москва, ул. Маршала Тимошенко, 19, стр. 1а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Neurologist at the Department of Neurology for Patients with Acute Cerebrovascular Accident</p><p>Marshala Timoshenko str. 19, build. 1A, Moscow 121359</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">iulya.minakowa@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4213-5379</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Морозов</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Morozov</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры общей хирургии</p><p>170100, г. Тверь, ул. Советская, 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sc. (Med.), Associate Professor at the Department of General Surgery</p><p>Sovetskaya str. 4, Tver 170100</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ammorozovv@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5816-1681</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Минакова</surname><given-names>Ю. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Minakova</surname><given-names>Yu. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студентка лечебного факультета</p><p>170100, г. Тверь, ул. Советская, 4</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Student at the Medical Faculty</p><p>Sovetskaya str. 4, Tver 170100</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">iulya.minakowa@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ ДПО «Центральная государственная медицинская академия» Управления делами Президента Российской Федерации</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Central State Medical Academy of Department of Presidential Affairs</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Поликлиника № 1» Управления делами Президента&#13;
Российской Федерации</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Polyclinic № 1 of Department of Presidential Affairs</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Тверской государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tver State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>05</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>125</fpage><lpage>133</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Маховская Т.Г., Щербина О.А., Васичкин С.В., Гарманова А.А., Морозов А.М., Минакова Ю.Е., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Маховская Т.Г., Щербина О.А., Васичкин С.В., Гарманова А.А., Морозов А.М., Минакова Ю.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Makhovskaya T.G., Shcherbina O.A., Vasichkin S.V., Garmanova A.A., Morozov A.M., Minakova Y.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/3432">https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/3432</self-uri><abstract><p>Нарушения ходьбы и равновесия у пациентов пожилого возраста – наиболее частые проявления различных заболеваний нервной системы. Нарушение равновесия является ведущей причиной травм лиц пожилого возраста, приводящих к ограничению как трудоспособности пациента, так и общения в социальной среде, что в частных случаях приводит к потере независимости, снижая качество жизни. Нарушения ходьбы являются важной, трудно разрешаемой медицинской и социальной проблемой. Целью исследования было выявление физиологических и клинических аспектов возрастных нарушений походки с акцентом на неврологические патогенетические причины. Было осуществлено подробное изучение современной зарубежной медицинской литературы и актуальных международных клинических рекомендаций с дальнейшей систематизацией полученных данных. Падения у пожилых людей – частый и основной фактор, угрожающий независимости пожилых людей. Частота падений увеличивается с возрастом. Лечение травм, вызванных падением, не всегда включает выявление причин падения. У пожилых людей потеря равновесия чаще всего обусловлена множественными причинами, включающими надвигающуюся угрозу гомеостатическим механизмам, которые поддерживают постуральную стабильность, объединяющимися с возрастными нарушения баланса, стабильности походки и сердечно-сосудистой функции. Расстройства походки являются основной причиной функциональных нарушений и заболеваемости у пожилых людей. Большинство нарушений походки у пожилых людей являются многофакторными и имеют неврологические компоненты. В развитых странах наблюдается тенденция к старению населения: процентная составляющая пожилой части популяции растёт. Именно нарушения равновесия, устойчивости и ходьбы в значительной степени приводят к неспособности пациента обеспечивать своё качество жизни на удовлетворительном уровне самостоятельно, к инвалидности и несостоятельности на рабочем месте. Ранняя диагностика нарушений ходьбы может предотвратить преждевременную инвалидизацию и ограничение независимости пациентов пожилого возраста. Важно отметить, что случаи падения в анамнезе являются предиктором риска новых падений.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Walking and balance disorders in elderly patients are the most common manifestations of various diseases of the nervous system. Balance imbalance is the leading cause of injuries in the elderly, leading to a limitation of both the patient’s ability to work and communication in the social environment, which in particular cases leads to a loss of independence, reducing the quality of life. Walking disorders are an important, difficult to resolve medical and social problem. The aim of the study was to identify the physiological and clinical aspects of age-related gait disorders with an emphasis on neurological pathogenetic causes. A detailed study of modern foreign medical literature and current international clinical guidelines was carried out with further systematization of the data obtained. Falls in the elderly are a common and major factor that threatens the independence of older people. The frequency of falls increases with age. Treatment for fall injuries does not always include identifying the cause of the fall. In the elderly, loss of balance is most commonly due to multiple causes, including impending threat to the homeostatic mechanisms that maintain postural stability combined with age-related impairments in balance, gait stability, and cardiovascular function. Gait disorders are a major cause of functional impairment and morbidity in the elderly. Most gait disorders in the elderly are multifactorial and have neurological components. In developed countries, there is a trend towards aging of the population: the percentage component of the elderly part of the population is growing. It is violations of balance, stability and walking, to a large extent, that lead to the inability of the patient to provide his quality of life at a satisfactory level on his own, to disability and failure in the workplace. Early diagnosis of gait disorders can prevent premature disability and limit the independence of elderly patients. It is important to note that a history of falls is a predictor of the risk of new falls.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>падения</kwd><kwd>пожилой возраст</kwd><kwd>постуральная устойчивость</kwd><kwd>нарушение ходьбы и равновесия</kwd><kwd>геронтология</kwd><kwd>реабилитация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>falls</kwd><kwd>advanced age</kwd><kwd>postural stability</kwd><kwd>impaired walking and balance</kwd><kwd>gerontology</kwd><kwd>rehabilitation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шарашкина Н.В., Рунихина Н.К., Литвина Ю.С., Меркушева Л.И., Лузина А.В., Карпенков Д.С. и др. Падения и другие гериатрические синдромы у пожилых людей с коморбиднойпатологией. 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