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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">actabiomedica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Acta Biomedica Scientifica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Acta Biomedica Scientifica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-9420</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9596</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29413/ABS.2022-7.1.12</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">actabiomedica-3298</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОФТАЛЬМОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>OPHTHALMOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Этиопатогенез неэкссудативной возрастной макулярной дегенерации (обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Etiopathogenesis of non-exudative age-related macular degeneration (literature review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9476-8883</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бикбов</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bikbov</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, член-корреспондент Академии наук Республики Башкортостан, директор, </p><p>450008, Башкортостан, г. Уфа, ул. Пушкина, 90</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sc. (Med.), Professor, Corresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Director, </p><p>Pushkina str. 90, Ufa 450008</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">eye@anrb.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7141-3214</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Халимов</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khalimov</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-офтальмолог IV микрохирургического отделения, </p><p>450008, Башкортостан, г. Уфа, ул. Пушкина, 90</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ophthalmologist of the IV Microsurgical Department, </p><p>Pushkina str. 90, Ufa 450008</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">khalimoff.timur@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУ «Уфимский научно-исследовательский институт глазных болезней Академии наук Республики Башкортостан»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ufa Eye Research Institute</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>03</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>96</fpage><lpage>105</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бикбов М.М., Халимов Т.А., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бикбов М.М., Халимов Т.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bikbov M.M., Khalimov T.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/3298">https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/3298</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье изложен обзор современных публикаций, посвящённых эпидемиологии, факторам риска, основным звеньям этиологии и патогенеза возрастной макулярной дегенерации (ВМД). Неэкссудативная или «сухая» форма возрастной дегенерации макулы – это многофакторный прогрессирующий патологический процесс, обусловленный наследственной предрасположенностью, общими и местными нарушениями липидного обмена, негативными изменениями кровоснабжения глаза, возрастной деструкцией мембраны Бруха и ретинального пигментного эпителия, возникновением признаков локального и системного воспаления, развитием оксидативного стресса с воздействием на структуры заднего отрезка глаза токсичных продуктов липопероксидации. Недавние исследования обнаружили новые пути гибели клеток ретинального пигментного эпителия в ответ на окислительный стресс при ВМД, в частности некроптоз, который, помимо классического апоптоза, считают основным механизмом этого процесса. Отмечено, что развитие ВМД может быть ассоциировано с возрастным снижением уровня эстрогена у женщин. Анализ сведений об этиопатогенезе возрастной макулярной дегенерации, представленных в современной литературе, указывает на необходимость дальнейшего исследования и обобщения специалистами различных научных дисциплин местных и общих патологических процессов, развивающихся в динамике нарушения зрительных функций сетчатки. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article presents an overview of modern publications on epidemiology, risk factors, and the main links of the etiology and pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The nonexudative or “dry” form of age-related macular degeneration is a multifactorial progressive pathological process caused by hereditary predisposition, general and local disorders of lipid metabolism, negative changes in  the blood supply to the eye, age-related destruction of the Bruch’s membrane and retinal pigment epithelium, the appearance of signs of local and systemic inflammation, the development of oxidative stress with the impact of toxic lipoperoxidation products on the structures of the posterior segment of the eye. Recent studies have discovered new ways of retinal pigment epithelial cell death in response to oxidative stress in AMD, in particular necroptosis, which, in addition to classical apoptosis, is considered the main mechanism of this process. It is noted that the development of AMD may be associated with an age-related decrease in the level of estrogen in women. The analysis of the data on the etiopathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration presented in the modern literature indicates the need for further research and generalization of local and general pathological processes developing in the dynamics of retinal visual function disorders by specialists of various scientific disciplines. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>возрастная макулярная дегенерация</kwd><kwd>ВМД</kwd><kwd>неэкссудативная ВМД</kwd><kwd>сухая форма ВМД</kwd><kwd>этиология</kwd><kwd>патогенез</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>age-related macular degeneration</kwd><kwd>AMD</kwd><kwd>non-exudative AMD</kwd><kwd>dry form of AMD</kwd><kwd>etiology</kwd><kwd>pathogenesis</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Финансовое обеспечение работы осуществлено ГБУ «Уфимский НИИ глазных болезней Академии наук Республики Башкортостан».</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бикбов М.М., Файзрахманов Р.Р., Ярмухаметова А.Л. 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