<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">actabiomedica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Acta Biomedica Scientifica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Acta Biomedica Scientifica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-9420</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9596</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29413/ABS.2021-6.6-2.4</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">actabiomedica-3135</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИНФЕКЦИОННЫЕ БОЛЕЗНИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INFECTIOUS DISEASES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Состояние антиоксидантного статуса у детей и подростков с COVID-19</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Antioxidant status in children and adolescents with COVID-19</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2910-0737</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рычкова</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rychkova</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> доктор медицинских наук, член-корреспондент РАН, профессор РАН, директор</p><p>664003, г. Иркутск, ул. Тимирязева, 16, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Dr. Sc. (Med.), Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Professor of Russian Academy of Sciences, Director</p><p>Timiryazeva str. 16, Irkutsk 664003, Russian Federation </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">iphr@sbamsr.irk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3255-2013</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Даренская</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Darenskaya</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> доктор биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории патофизиологии</p><p>664003, г. Иркутск, ул. Тимирязева, 16, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Dr. Sc. (Biol.), Leading Research Officer at the Laboratory of Pathophysiology </p><p>Timiryazeva str. 16, Irkutsk 664003, Russian Federation </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">marina_darenskaya@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6512-1335</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семёнова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Semenova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> доктор биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории патофизиологии</p><p>664003, г. Иркутск, ул. Тимирязева, 16, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Dr. Sc. (Biol.), Leading Research Officer at the Laboratory of Pathophysiology </p><p>Timiryazeva str. 16, Irkutsk 664003, Russian Federation </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">iphr@sbamsr.irk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2124-6328</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колесников</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolesnikov</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> доктор медицинских наук, профессор, академик РАН, главный научный сотрудник</p><p>664003, г. Иркутск, ул. Тимирязева, 16, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Dr. Sc. (Med.), Professor, Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chief Research Officer </p><p>Timiryazeva str. 16, Irkutsk 664003, Russian Federation </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">iphr@sbamsr.irk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7965-8061</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петрова</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrova</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> доктор медицинских наук, главный научный сотрудник лаборатории инфектологии и иммунопрофилактики в педиатрии</p><p>664003, г. Иркутск, ул. Тимирязева, 16, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Dr. Sc. (Med.), Chief Research Officer at the Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Immunoprophylaxis in Pediatrics </p><p>Timiryazeva str. 16, Irkutsk 664003, Russian Federation </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">iphr@sbamsr.irk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1926-9694</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитина</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikitina</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> кандидат биологических наук, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории патофизиологии </p><p>664003, г. Иркутск, ул. Тимирязева, 16, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Cand. Sc. (Biol.), Junior Research Officer at the Laboratory of Pathophysiology </p><p>Timiryazeva str. 16, Irkutsk 664003, Russian Federation </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">iphr@sbamsr.irk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1055-4608</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бричагина</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Brichagina</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> аспирант лаборатории патофизиологии</p><p>664003, г. Иркутск, ул. Тимирязева, 16, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Postgraduate at the Laboratory of Pathophysiology</p><p>Timiryazeva str. 16, Irkutsk 664003, Russian Federation </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">iphr@sbamsr.irk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5527-7694</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кудеярова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kudeyarova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> лаборант-исследователь лаборатории патофизиологии </p><p>664003, г. Иркутск, ул. Тимирязева, 16, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Laboratory Assistant at the Laboratory of Pathophysiology </p><p>Timiryazeva str. 16, Irkutsk 664003, Russian Federation </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">iphr@sbamsr.irk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3354-2992</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колесникова</surname><given-names>Л. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolesnikova</surname><given-names>L. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> доктор медицинских наук, профессор, академик РАН, научный руководитель</p><p>664003, г. Иркутск, ул. Тимирязева, 16, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Dr. Sc. (Med.), Professor, Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Scientific Supervisor </p><p>Timiryazeva str. 16, Irkutsk 664003, Russian Federation </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">iphr@sbamsr.irk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научный центр проблем здоровья семьи и репродукции человека»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems </institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><issue>6-2</issue><fpage>29</fpage><lpage>36</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Рычкова Л.В., Даренская М.А., Семёнова Н.В., Колесников С.И., Петрова А.Г., Никитина О.А., Бричагина А.С., Кудеярова Е.А., Колесникова Л.И., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Рычкова Л.В., Даренская М.А., Семёнова Н.В., Колесников С.И., Петрова А.Г., Никитина О.А., Бричагина А.С., Кудеярова Е.А., Колесникова Л.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Rychkova L.V., Darenskaya M.A., Semenova N.V., Kolesnikov S.I., Petrova A.G., Nikitina O.A., Brichagina A.S., Kudeyarova E.A., Kolesnikova L.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/3135">https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/3135</self-uri><abstract><p>Обоснование. Пандемия COVID-19, вызванная коронавирусом SARS-CoV-2, подняла значимость данной проблемы на первую ступень и коснулась систем здравоохранения всех стран мира. Несмотря на более благоприятное течение заболевания с новым коронавирусом, детская популяция должна быть в фокусе особого внимания, вследствие активного участия в его распространении. Течение COVID-19 включает в себя целый каскад патологических процессов, сопровождающихся генерацией активных форм кислорода, поэтому проведение исследований этих процессов у детей крайне актуально и может способствовать повышению эффективности профилактических и лечебных мероприятий.Цель: анализ изменений ферментативного и неферментативного звеньев антиоксидантной защиты у детей и подростков с диагностированной инфекцией COVID-19.Материалы и методы. Обследовано 17 детей и подростков (средний возраст – 12,35 ± 4,01 года), из них 8 мальчиков (47 %) и 9 девочек (53 %) с диагностированной инфекцией COVID-19. Контрольная группа детей и подростков состояла из практически здоровых и подбиралась согласно принципу «копия-пара». Методы исследования включали спектрофотометрические и иммуноферментные.Результаты. В группе детей и подростков, больных COVID-19, отмечены более низкие уровни общей антиоксидантной активности (p &lt; 0,0001), активности супероксиддисмутазы (p &lt; 0,0001), содержания восстановленного глутатиона (p = 0,048) и ретинола (p = 0,015), на фоне незначительного роста активности глутатионредуктазы (p = 0,015) относительно контроля.Заключение. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о недостаточности ряда компонентов антиоксидантного статуса у детей и подростков с COVID-19 и указывают на целесообразность использования антиоксидантной терапии для стабилизации данных показателей.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background. The COVID-19 pandemic has raised the importance of this problem to the first stage and has affected healthcare system around the world. Despite the more favorable COVID-19 course, the child population should be at focus of special attention, due to the active participation in its distribution. The course of COVID-19 includes a cascade of pathological processes accompanied by the generation of reactive oxygen species, which can have extremely negative consequences for the developing organism. The research of these processes in children is vital and will improve the effectiveness of preventive and therapeutic measures. The aim: to analyze changes in enzymatic and non-enzymatic links in the antioxidant defense in children and adolescents with diagnosed COVID-19 infection.Materials and methods. 17 children and adolescents (average age – 12.35 ± 4.01 years) were examined, including 8 boys (47 %) and 9 girls (53 %) with COVID-19 infection. The control group of children and adolescents (practically healthy) according to the «copy-pair» principle was selected. We used spectrophotometric methods.Results. In the group of children and adolescents with diagnosed COVID-19 infection, there were lower levels of total antioxidant activity (p &lt; 0.0001), superoxide dismutase activity (p &lt; 0.0001), content of reduced glutathione (p = 0.048) and retinol (p = 0.015), increase in glutathione reductase activity (p = 0.015) relative to the control.Conclusion. The obtained data indicate the insufficiency of antioxidant system components number in children and adolescents with diagnosed COVID-19 infection and indicate the advisability of antioxidant therapy using to stabilize these indicators.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>подростки</kwd><kwd>антиоксидантный статус</kwd><kwd>ферменты</kwd><kwd>витамины</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>adolescents</kwd><kwd>antioxidant status</kwd><kwd>enzymes</kwd><kwd>vitamins</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Skegg D, Gluckman P, Boulton G, Hackmann H, Karim SSA, Piot P, et al. Future scenarios for the COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet. 2021; 397(10276): 777-778. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00424-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Skegg D, Gluckman P, Boulton G, Hackmann H, Karim SSA, Piot P, et al. Future scenarios for the COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet. 2021; 397(10276): 777-778. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00424-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Статистика коронавируса в мире. URL: https://gogov.ru/covid-19/world [дата доступа: 15.10.2021].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Coronavirus statistics in the world. URL: https://gogov.ru/covid-19/world [date of access: 15.10.2021]. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wu Z, McGoogan JM. Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: Summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. JAMA. 2020; 323(13); 1239-1242. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.2648</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wu Z, McGoogan JM. Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: Summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. JAMA. 2020; 323(13); 1239-1242. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.2648</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Blanchard-Rohner G, Didierlaurent A, Tilmanne A, Smeesters P, Marchant A. Pediatric COVID-19: Immunopathogenesis, transmission and prevention. Vaccines (Basel). 2021; 9(9): 1002. doi: 10.3390/vaccines9091002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Blanchard-Rohner G, Didierlaurent A, Tilmanne A, Smeesters P, Marchant A. Pediatric COVID-19: Immunopathogenesis, transmission and prevention. Vaccines (Basel). 2021; 9(9): 1002. doi: 10.3390/vaccines9091002</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bhopal SS, Bagaria J, Olabi B, Bhopal R. Children and young people remain at low risk of COVID-19 mortality. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2021; 5(5): e12-e13. doi: 10.1016/S2352-4642(21)00066-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bhopal SS, Bagaria J, Olabi B, Bhopal R. Children and young people remain at low risk of COVID-19 mortality. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2021; 5(5): e12-e13. doi: 10.1016/S2352-4642(21)00066-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">She J, Liu L, Liu W. COVID‐19 epidemic: Disease characteristics in children. J Med Virol. 2020; 92(7): 747-754. doi: 10.1002/jmv.25807</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">She J, Liu L, Liu W. COVID‐19 epidemic: Disease characteristics in children. J Med Virol. 2020; 92(7): 747-754. doi: 10.1002/jmv.25807</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sinha IP, Harwood R, Semple MG, Hawcutt DB, Thursfield R, Narayan O, et al. COVID-19 infection in children. Lancet Respir Med. 2020; 8(5): 446-447. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30152-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sinha IP, Harwood R, Semple MG, Hawcutt DB, Thursfield R, Narayan O, et al. COVID-19 infection in children. Lancet Respir Med. 2020; 8(5): 446-447. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30152-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Buonsenso D, Sali M, Pata D, De Rose C, Sanguinetti M, Valentini P, et al. Children and COVID‐19: Microbiological and immunological insights. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2020; 55(10): 2547-2555. doi: 10.1002/ppul.24978</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Buonsenso D, Sali M, Pata D, De Rose C, Sanguinetti M, Valentini P, et al. Children and COVID‐19: Microbiological and immunological insights. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2020; 55(10): 2547-2555. doi: 10.1002/ppul.24978</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee PI, Hu YL, Chen PY, Huang YC, Hsueh PR. Are children less susceptible to COVID-19? J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2020; 53(3): 371-372. doi: 10.1016/j.jmii.2020.02.011</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee PI, Hu YL, Chen PY, Huang YC, Hsueh PR. Are children less susceptible to COVID-19? J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2020; 53(3): 371-372. doi: 10.1016/j.jmii.2020.02.011</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hosakote YM, Rayavara K. Respiratory syncytial virusinduced oxidative stress in lung pathogenesis. In: Oxidative stress in lung diseases. Singapore: Springer; 2020: 297-330. doi: 10.1007/978-981-32-9366-3_13</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hosakote YM, Rayavara K. Respiratory syncytial virusinduced oxidative stress in lung pathogenesis. In: Oxidative stress in lung diseases. Singapore: Springer; 2020: 297-330. doi: 10.1007/978-981-32-9366-3_13</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khomich OA, Kochetkov SN, Bartosch B, Ivanov AV. Redox biology of respiratory viral infections. Viruses. 2018; 10(8): 392. doi: 10.3390/v10080392</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khomich OA, Kochetkov SN, Bartosch B, Ivanov AV. Redox biology of respiratory viral infections. Viruses. 2018; 10(8): 392. doi: 10.3390/v10080392</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sies H. Oxidative eustress and oxidative distress: Introductory remarks. In: Oxidative Stress Eustress and destress. Academic Press; 2020: 3-12. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-818606-0.00001-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sies H. Oxidative eustress and oxidative distress: Introductory remarks. In: Oxidative Stress Eustress and destress. Academic Press; 2020: 3-12. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-818606-0.00001-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Даренская М.А., Колесникова Л.И., Колесников С.И. COVID-19: окислительный стресс и актуальность антиоксидантной терапии. Вестник Российской академии медицинских наук. 2020; 75(4): 318-325. doi: 10.15690/vramn1360</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Darenskaya MA, Kolesnikova LI, Kolesnikov SI. COVID-19: Oxidative stress and the relevance of antioxidant therapy. Annals of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. 2020; 75(4): 318-325. (In Russ). doi: 10.15690/vramn1360</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Misra HP, Fridovich I. The role of superoxide anion in the autoxidation of epinephrine and a simple assay for superoxide dismutase. J Biol Chem. 1972; 247(10): 3170-3175.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Misra HP, Fridovich I. The role of superoxide anion in the autoxidation of epinephrine and a simple assay for superoxide dismutase. J Biol Chem. 1972; 247(10): 3170-3175.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Черняускене Р.Ч., Варшкявичене З.З., Грибаускас П.С. Одновременное определение концентраций витаминов Е и А в сыворотке крови. Лабораторное дело. 1984; 6: 362-365.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chernyauskene RCh, Varskevichene ZZ, Grybauskas PS. Simultaneous determination of the concentrations of vitamins E and A in blood serum. Laboratory Science. 1984; 6: 362-365. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hisin PJ, Hilf R. Fluorоmetric method for determination of oxidized and reduced glutathione in tissues. Anal Biochem. 1976; 74(1): 214-226. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(76)90326-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hisin PJ, Hilf R. Fluorоmetric method for determination of oxidized and reduced glutathione in tissues. Anal Biochem. 1976; 74(1): 214-226. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(76)90326-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020; 395(10223): 497-506. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020; 395(10223): 497-506. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mehta P, McAuley DF, Brown M, Sanchez E, Tattersall RS, Manson JJ, et al. COVID-19: Consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression. Lancet. 2020; 395(10229): 1033-1034. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30628-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mehta P, McAuley DF, Brown M, Sanchez E, Tattersall RS, Manson JJ, et al. COVID-19: Consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression. Lancet. 2020; 395(10229): 1033-1034. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30628-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Delgado-Roche L, Mesta F. Oxidative stress as key player in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infection. Arch Med Res. 2020; 51(5): 384-387. doi: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.04.019</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Delgado-Roche L, Mesta F. Oxidative stress as key player in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infection. Arch Med Res. 2020; 51(5): 384-387. doi: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.04.019</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang H, Liu H, Zhou L, Yuen J, Forman HJ. Temporal changes in glutathione biosynthesis during the lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response of THP-1 macrophages. Free Radic Biol Med. 2017; 113: 304-310. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.10.010</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang H, Liu H, Zhou L, Yuen J, Forman HJ. Temporal changes in glutathione biosynthesis during the lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response of THP-1 macrophages. Free Radic Biol Med. 2017; 113: 304-310. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.10.010</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Воронина Т.А. Антиоксиданты/антигипоксанты – недостающий пазл эффективной патогенетической терапии пациентов с COVID-19. Инфекционные болезни. 2020; 18(2): 97-102. doi: 10.20953/1729-9225-2020-2-97-102</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Voronina TA. Antioxidants/antihypoxants – the missing puzzle piece in effective pathogenetic therapy for COVID-19. Infectious Diseases. 2020; 18(2): 97-102. (In Russ.). doi: 10.20953/1729-9225-2020-2-97-102</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wenzhong L, Hualan L. COVID-19: Attacks the 1-beta chain of hemoglobin and captures the porphyrin to inhibit human heme metabolism. ChemRxiv. Cambridge: Cambridge Open Engage; 2020. doi: 10.26434/chemrxiv.11938173.v9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wenzhong L, Hualan L. COVID-19: Attacks the 1-beta chain of hemoglobin and captures the porphyrin to inhibit human heme metabolism. ChemRxiv. Cambridge: Cambridge Open Engage; 2020. doi: 10.26434/chemrxiv.11938173.v9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ebrahimi M, Norouzi P, Aazami H, Moosavi-Movahedi AA. Review on oxidative stress relation on COVID-19: Biomolecular and bioanalytical approach. Int J Biol Macromol. 2021; 189: 802-818. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.095</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ebrahimi M, Norouzi P, Aazami H, Moosavi-Movahedi AA. Review on oxidative stress relation on COVID-19: Biomolecular and bioanalytical approach. Int J Biol Macromol. 2021; 189: 802-818. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.095</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Darenskaya M, Kolesnikova L, Kolesnikov S. The association of respiratory viruses with oxidative stress and antioxidants. implications for the COVID-19 pandemic. Curr Pharm Des. 2021; 27(13): 1618-1627. doi: 10.2174/1381612827666210222113351</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Darenskaya M, Kolesnikova L, Kolesnikov S. The association of respiratory viruses with oxidative stress and antioxidants. implications for the COVID-19 pandemic. Curr Pharm Des. 2021; 27(13): 1618-1627. doi: 10.2174/1381612827666210222113351</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Trujillo-Mayol I, Guerra-Valle M, Casas-Forero N, Sobral MMC, Viegas O, Alarcón-Enos J, et al. Western dietary pattern antioxidant intakes and oxidative stress: Importance during the SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic. Adv Nutri 2021; 12(3): 670-681. doi: 10.1093/advances/nmaa171</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Trujillo-Mayol I, Guerra-Valle M, Casas-Forero N, Sobral MMC, Viegas O, Alarcón-Enos J, et al. Western dietary pattern antioxidant intakes and oxidative stress: Importance during the SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic. Adv Nutri 2021; 12(3): 670-681. doi: 10.1093/advances/nmaa171</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Beltrán-García J, Osca-Verdegal R, Pallardó FV, Ferreres J, Rodríguez M, Mulet S, et al. Oxidative stress and inflammation in COVID-19-associated sepsis: The potential role of anti-oxidant therapy in avoiding disease progression. Antioxidants (Basel). 2020; 9(10): 936. doi: 10.3390/antiox9100936</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Beltrán-García J, Osca-Verdegal R, Pallardó FV, Ferreres J, Rodríguez M, Mulet S, et al. Oxidative stress and inflammation in COVID-19-associated sepsis: The potential role of anti-oxidant therapy in avoiding disease progression. Antioxidants (Basel). 2020; 9(10): 936. doi: 10.3390/antiox9100936</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мереуца И.Е., Струтинский Ф.А., Бодруг Н.И., Полякова Л.Д., Карауш В.Ф., Чеботарь А.Я. Особенности метаболизма глутатиона при COVID-19.Buletinul Academiei de Ştiinţe a Moldovei. Ştiinţe Medicale. 2021; 70(2): 137-142. doi: 10.52692/1857-0011.2021.2-70.24</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mereuţă IE, Strutinskii FA, Bodrug NI, Poliakova LD, Karaus VF, Cebotari AY. Peculiarities of glutathione metabolism in COVID-19. Buletinul Academiei de Ştiinţe a Moldovei. Ştiinţe Medicale. 2021; 70(2): 137-142. (In Russ.). doi: 10.52692/1857-0011.2021.2-70.24</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aykac K, Ozsurekci Y, Yayla BCC, Gurlevik SL, Oygar PD, Bolu NB, et al. Oxidant and antioxidant balance in patients with COVID-19. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2021; 56(9): 2803-2810. doi: 10.1002/ppul.25549</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aykac K, Ozsurekci Y, Yayla BCC, Gurlevik SL, Oygar PD, Bolu NB, et al. Oxidant and antioxidant balance in patients with COVID-19. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2021; 56(9): 2803-2810. doi: 10.1002/ppul.25549</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mehta MM, Weinberg SE, Chandel NS. Mitochondrial control of immunity: Beyond ATP. Nat Rev Immunol. 2017; 17(10): 608-620. doi: 10.1038/nri.2017.66</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mehta MM, Weinberg SE, Chandel NS. Mitochondrial control of immunity: Beyond ATP. Nat Rev Immunol. 2017; 17(10): 608-620. doi: 10.1038/nri.2017.66</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Колесникова Л.И., Даренская М.А., Колесников С.И. Свободнорадикальное окисление: взгляд патофизиолога. Бюллетень сибирской медицины. 2017; 16(4): 16-29. doi: 10.20538/1682-0363-2017-4-16-29</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kolesnikova LI, Darenskaya MA, Kolesnikov SI. Free radical oxidation: A pathophysiologist’s view. Bulletin of Siberian Medicine. 2017; 16(4): 16-29. (In Russ.). doi: 10.20538/1682-0363-2017-4-16-29</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mani JS, Johnson JB, Steel IS, Broszczak DA, Neilsen PM, Naiker KBM. Natural product-derived phytochemicals as potential agents against coronaviruses: A review. Virus Res. 2020; 284: 197989. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.197989</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mani JS, Johnson JB, Steel IS, Broszczak DA, Neilsen PM, Naiker KBM. Natural product-derived phytochemicals as potential agents against coronaviruses: A review. Virus Res. 2020; 284: 197989. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.197989</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jo S, Kim S, Shin DH, Kim MS. Inhibition of SARS-CoV 3CL protease by flavonoids. J Enzyme Inhib Medi Chemi. 2020; 35(1): 145-151. doi: 10.1080/14756366.2019.1690480</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jo S, Kim S, Shin DH, Kim MS. Inhibition of SARS-CoV 3CL protease by flavonoids. J Enzyme Inhib Medi Chemi. 2020; 35(1): 145-151. doi: 10.1080/14756366.2019.1690480</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Laforge M, Elbim C, Frère C, Hémadi M, Massaad C, Nuss P, et al. Tissue damage from neutrophil-induced oxidative stress in COVID-19. Nat Rev Immunol. 2020; 20(9): 515-516. doi: 10.1038/s41577-020-0407-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Laforge M, Elbim C, Frère C, Hémadi M, Massaad C, Nuss P, et al. Tissue damage from neutrophil-induced oxidative stress in COVID-19. Nat Rev Immunol. 2020; 20(9): 515-516. doi: 10.1038/s41577-020-0407-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Keles ES. Mild SARS-CoV-2 infections in children might be based on evolutionary biology and linked with host reactive oxidative stress and antioxidant capabilities. New Microbes New Infect. 2020; 36: 100723. doi: 10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100723</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Keles ES. Mild SARS-CoV-2 infections in children might be based on evolutionary biology and linked with host reactive oxidative stress and antioxidant capabilities. New Microbes New Infect. 2020; 36: 100723. doi: 10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100723</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Massalska MA, Gober HJ. How children are protected from COVID-19? A historical, clinical, and pathophysiological approach to address COVID-19 susceptibility. Front Immunol. 2021; 12: 2191. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.646894</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Massalska MA, Gober HJ. How children are protected from COVID-19? A historical, clinical, and pathophysiological approach to address COVID-19 susceptibility. Front Immunol. 2021; 12: 2191. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.646894</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khakwani M, Horgan C, Ewing J. COVID-19-associated oxidative damage to red blood cells. Br J Haematol. 2021; 193(3): 481. doi: 10.1111/bjh.17317</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khakwani M, Horgan C, Ewing J. COVID-19-associated oxidative damage to red blood cells. Br J Haematol. 2021; 193(3): 481. doi: 10.1111/bjh.17317</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
