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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">actabiomedica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Acta Biomedica Scientifica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Acta Biomedica Scientifica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-9420</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9596</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29413/ABS.2021-6.6-1.4</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">actabiomedica-3108</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОФТАЛЬМОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>OPHTHALMOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Брахитерапия в органосохранном лечении меланомы хориоидеи: осложнения и возможности их прогнозирования (обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Brachytherapy in organ-preserving treatment of choroidal melanoma: complications and the possibility of their prediction</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1559-2793</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Быховский</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bykhovsky</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> младший научный сотрудник </p><p>192283, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Ярослава Гашека, 21, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Junior Research Officer</p><p>Yaroslava Gasheka str. 21, Saint Petersburg 192283, Russian Federation </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sbyh@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Панова</surname><given-names>И. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Panova</surname><given-names>I. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заместитель директора по научной работе</p><p>192283, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Ярослава Гашека, 21, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Dr. Sc. (Med.), Professor, Deputy Director for Science </p><p>Yaroslava Gasheka str. 21, Saint Petersburg 192283, Russian Federation </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">eyeren@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5573-5712</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самкович</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Samkovich</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> врач-офтальмолог 3-го хирургического отделения, младший научный сотрудник</p><p>192283, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Ярослава Гашека, 21, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Ophthalmologist at the 3rd Surgical Unit, Junior Research Officer </p><p> Yaroslava Gasheka str. 21, Saint Petersburg 192283, Russian Federation </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">e.samkovich@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский филиал ФГАУ «НМИЦ «МНТК «Микрохирургия глаза» имени академика С.Н. Фёдорова» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg Branch of S.N. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><issue>6-1</issue><fpage>31</fpage><lpage>40</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Быховский А.А., Панова И.Е., Самкович Е.В., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Быховский А.А., Панова И.Е., Самкович Е.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bykhovsky A.A., Panova I.E., Samkovich E.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/3108">https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/3108</self-uri><abstract><p>В данном обзоре был проведён анализ отечественной и зарубежной литературы, посвящённой брахитерапии меланомы хориоидеи с использованием рутениевых офтальмоаппликаторов. В обзоре освещены исторические аспекты лучевого лечения – от первого опыта использования ионизирующего излучения в лечении злокачественных новообразований до современных методик брахитерапии; представлены радиобиологические основы лучевой терапии; рассмотрены вопросы лучевого патоморфоза, отражающие характер патологических изменений в ткани меланомы хориоидеи при проведении брахитерапии; показана зависимость эффекта воздействия ионизирующего излучения от фазы цикла деления клеток; описано присутствие изменений, характерных для ответа на ионизирующее излучение, в необлучённых тканях. Довольно подробно проведён анализ различных постлучевых осложнений, как ранних, так и поздних, с акцентами на возможности их прогнозирования и предупреждения в реальной клинической практике. Приведено сравнение по частоте развития различных постлучевых осложнений в работах отечественных и зарубежных авторов, а также сравнение с воздействием ионизирующего излучения других радиоактивных изотопов. Приведены факторы риска развития постлучевых осложнений и даны рекомендации по снижению вероятности их развития на ранних этапах брахитерапии меланомы хориоидеи. Продемонстрированы риски развития таких поздних осложнений, как лучевая макулопатия и лучевая нейропатия, особенно при преэкваториальной локализации опухоли. Показаны возможности современных методов инструментальной диагностики для изучения процессов, происходящих в зоне расположения опухоли, а также изменений в окружающих её тканях, что определяет целесообразность и важность дальнейшего углублённого изучения данного вопроса.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This review analyzed the domestic and foreign literature on brachytherapy of choroidal melanoma using ruthenium ophthalmic applicators. The review highlights the historical aspects of radiation treatment, from the first experience of using ionizing radiation in the treatment of malignant neoplasms to modern methods of brachytherapy; presents the radiobiological foundations of radiation therapy; considers the issues of radiation pathomorphosis, reflecting the nature of pathological changes in the choroidal melanoma tissue during brachytherapy; shows the dependence of the effect of exposure ionizing radiation from the phase of the cycle of cell division; and also describes the presence of changes characteristic of the response to ionizing radiation in unirradiated tissues. The analysis of various post-radiation complications, both early and late, was carried out in some detail, with emphasis on the possibility of predicting and preventing them in real clinical practice. A comparison is made in terms of the frequency of development of various post-radiation complications in the works of domestic and foreign authors, as well as a comparison with the effect of ionizing radiation from other radioactive isotopes. Recommendations of experts are given regarding the correct calculation of the dose to the sclera and medication support, based on many years of experience in the use of ruthenium ophthalmic applicators for brachytherapy of choroidal melanoma. The risks of developing such late complications as radiation maculopathy and radiation neuropathy have been demonstrated, especially in pre-equatorial tumor localization. The possibilities of modern methods of instrumental diagnostics for studying the processes occurring in the area of the tumor, as well as changes in the surrounding tissues, are shown, which determines the feasibility and importance of further study of this issue.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>меланома хориоидеи</kwd><kwd>брахитерапия</kwd><kwd>лучевые осложнения</kwd><kwd>макулопатия</kwd><kwd>нейропатия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>choroidal melanoma</kwd><kwd>brachytherapy</kwd><kwd>radiation complications</kwd><kwd>maculopathy</kwd><kwd>neuropathy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бровкина А.Ф., Хиониди Я.Н., Нечеснюк С.Ю. Постлучевые изменения склеры после брахитерапии меланом хориоидеи. 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