<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">actabiomedica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Acta Biomedica Scientifica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Acta Biomedica Scientifica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-9420</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9596</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29413/ABS.2021-6.5.19</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">actabiomedica-3050</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФТИЗИАТРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHTHISIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Трудности дифференциальной диагностики туберкулёза кишечника и болезни Крона</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Difficulties in the differential diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis and Crohn‘s disease</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4418-4601</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Решетников</surname><given-names>М. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Reshetnikov</surname><given-names>M. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, врач-хирург туберкулёзного лёгочного отделения № 4 (COVID), </p><p>107014, г. Москва, ул. Стромынка, 10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sc. (Med.), Surgeon at the Tuberculosis Pulmonary Department No. 4 (COVID),</p><p>Stromynka str. 10, Moscow 107014</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">taxol@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6659-7888</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Плоткин</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Plotkin</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, врач-хирург туберкулёзного хирургического отделения, </p><p>107014, г. Москва, ул. Стромынка, 10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sc. (Med.), Docent, Surgeon at the Tuberculosis Surgical Department,</p><p>Stromynka str. 10, Moscow 107014</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kn13@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2814-4826</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зюзя</surname><given-names>Ю. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zyuzya</surname><given-names>Yu. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник отдела проблем лабораторной диагностики туберкулёза и патоморфологии, врач-патологоанатом,</p><p>107014, г. Москва, ул. Стромынка, 10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sc. (Med.), Leading Research Officer at the Department of Problems of Laboratory Diagnostics of Tuberculosis and Pathomorphology, Pathologist,</p><p>Stromynka str. 10, Moscow 107014</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zuzaju@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8374-191X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волков</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Volkov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, научный сотрудник научно-клинического отдела, </p><p>107014, г. Москва, ул. Стромынка, 10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sc. (Med.), Research Officer at the Research Clinical Department,</p><p>Stromynka str. 10, Moscow 107014</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">volkov73a@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4459-0244</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зубань</surname><given-names>О. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zuban</surname><given-names>O. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заместитель главного врача, </p><p>107014, г. Москва, ул. Стромынка, 10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Dr. Sc. (Med.), Professor, Deputy Chief Physician,</p><p>Stromynka str. 10, Moscow 107014</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pan_zuban@msn.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4552-5022</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Богородская</surname><given-names>Е. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogorodskaya</surname><given-names>E. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, директор, </p><p>107014, г. Москва, ул. Стромынка, 10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sc. (Med.), Professor, Director, </p><p>Stromynka str. 10, Moscow 107014</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">BogorodskayaEM@zdrav.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «Московский городской научно-практический центр борьбы с туберкулёзом Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow Research and Clinical Center for TB Control, Moscow Healthcare Department</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>11</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>196</fpage><lpage>211</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Решетников М.Н., Плоткин Д.В., Зюзя Ю.Р., Волков А.А., Зубань О.Н., Богородская Е.М., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Решетников М.Н., Плоткин Д.В., Зюзя Ю.Р., Волков А.А., Зубань О.Н., Богородская Е.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Reshetnikov M.N., Plotkin D.V., Zyuzya Y.R., Volkov A.A., Zuban O.N., Bogorodskaya E.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/3050">https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/3050</self-uri><abstract><p>Для большинства специалистов дифференциальная диагностика туберкулёза кишечника и болезни Крона является сложной задачей из-за их высокого сходства в клинических проявлениях, инструментальной диагностике и гистологической картине.</p><p>Цель работы: рассмотреть клинико-диагностические особенности туберкулёза кишечника и болезни Крона, показать роль различных методов их диагностики (КТ органов брюшной полости, КТ-энтерографии, колоноскопии с биопсией).</p><p>На клиническом примере показан случай, иллюстрирующий трудности диагностики туберкулёза кишечника, изначально диагностированного как болезнь Крона. Продемонстрированы особенности течения, комплексной диагностики и лечения туберкулёза кишечника и его осложнений на фоне иммуносупрессии. На первом этапе лечения пациента были неправильно трактованы данные КТ органов грудной клетки, колоноскопии и гистологического исследования биоптатов. В результате ошибочно установлен диагноз болезни Крона и назначена иммуносупрессивная терапия, которая спровоцировала генерализацию имеющегося туберкулёзного процесса. В последующем выполнены неоднократные оперативные вмешательства по поводу осложнений туберкулёза кишечника – перфорации туберкулёзных язв, перитонита. На основании анализа литературных данных и собственного наблюдения показано, что гранулематозное воспаление при  исследовании биоптатов кишки не всегда позволяет однозначно поставить диагноз, в первую очередь в дифференциально-диагностическом ряду стоят туберкулёз кишечника и болезнь Крона. Применение гистобактериоскопии по Цилю – Нильсену, исследование каловых масс методом люминесцентной микроскопии, а также молекулярно-генетических методов обнаружения ДНК микобактерии туберкулёза (МБТ) позволяют верифицировать диагноз. Если болезнь Крона ошибочно диагностирована как туберкулёз кишечника, то  назначенная противотуберкулёзная терапия может нанести вред и привести к задержке в лечении основного заболевания. Обратный некорректный диагноз потенциально более опасен: если туберкулёз ошибочно диагностирован как болезнь Крона, то назначение иммуносупрессивной терапии может привести к генерализации туберкулёза и развитию фатальных осложнений. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The differential diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis and Crohn’s disease is a difficult task for most specialists due to their high similarity in clinical manifestations, instrumental diagnosis and histological pattern.</p><p>The aim: to consider the clinical and diagnostic features of intestinal tuberculosis and Crohn’s disease, to show the role of various methods of their diagnosis (CT of the abdominal cavity, CT-enterography, colonoscopy with biopsy).</p><p>A clinical example shows a case illustrating the difficulties of diagnosing intestinal tuberculosis, initially diagnosed as Crohn’s disease. The features of the course, complex diagnosis and treatment of intestinal tuberculosis and its complications during immunosuppression are demonstrated. At the first stage of treatment, the patient’s data related to CT of the chest organs, colonoscopy and histological examination of biopsy samples were incorrectly interpreted. As a result, a wrong diagnosis of Crohn’s disease was made, and immunosuppressive therapy was prescribed that provoked a generalization of the existing tuberculosis process. Subsequently, repeated surgical interventions were performed for complications of intestinal tuberculosis – perforation of tuberculous ulcers, peritonitis. Based on the analysis of the literature data and our own observation, it is shown that granulomatous inflammation in the study of intestinal biopsies doesn’t always allow us to make a clear diagnosis, first of all, there are intestinal tuberculosis and Crohn’s disease in the differential diagnostic series. The use of histobacterioscopy according to Ziehl – Neelsen, the study of fecal matter by luminescent microscopy, as well as molecular genetic methods for detecting DNA MTB allow us to verify the diagnosis. If Crohn’s disease is misdiagnosed as intestinal tuberculosis, then the prescribed anti-tuberculosis therapy can cause harm and lead to a delay in the underlying disease treatment. The reverse misdiagnosis is potentially more dangerous: if tuberculosis is misdiagnosed as Crohn’s disease, then the appointment of immunosuppressive therapy can lead to the generalization of tuberculosis and the development of fatal complications. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>туберкулёз кишечника</kwd><kwd>болезнь Крона</kwd><kwd>колоноскопия</kwd><kwd>гранулёма</kwd><kwd>КТ-энтерография</kwd><kwd>иммуносупрессия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>intestinal tuberculosis</kwd><kwd>Crohn’s disease</kwd><kwd>colonoscopy</kwd><kwd>granuloma</kwd><kwd>CT enterography</kwd><kwd>immunosuppression</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">World Health Organization. Global Tuberculosis Report 2020. Geneva; 2020. URL: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/336069/9789240013131-eng.pdf [date of access: 22.08.2021].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">World Health Organization. Global Tuberculosis Report 2020. Geneva; 2020. URL:  https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/336069/9789240013131-eng.pdf [date of access: 22.08.2021].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tanoglu A, Erdem H, Friedland JS, Almajid FM, Batirel A, Kulzhanova S, et al. Clinicopathological profile of gastrointestinal tuberculosis: A multinational ID-IRI study. EurJ Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2020; 39(3): 493-500. doi: 10.1007/s10096-019-03749-y</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tanoglu A, Erdem H, Friedland JS, Almajid FM, Batirel A, Kulzhanova S, et al. Clinicopathological profile of gastrointestinal tuberculosis: A multinational ID-IRI study. EurJ Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2020; 39(3): 493-500. doi: 10.1007/s10096-019-03749-y</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Синицын М.В., Белиловский Е.М., Соколина И.А., Решетников М.Н., Титюхина М.В., Батурин О.В. Внелёгочные локализации туберкулёза у больных ВИЧ-инфекцией. Туберкулёз и болезни лёгких. 2017; 95(11): 19-25. doi: 10.21292/2075-1230-2017-95-11-19-25</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sinitsyn MV, Belilovsky EM, Sokolinа IA, Reshetnikov MN, Tityukhinа MV, Bаturin OV. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis in HIV patients. Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases. 2017; 95(11): 19-25. (In Russ.). doi: 10.21292/2075-1230-2017-95-11-19-25</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mukewar S, Mukewar S, Ravi R, Prasad A, Dua KS. Colon tuberculosis: Endoscopic features and prospective endoscopic follow-up after anti-tuberculosis treatment. Clin Transl Gastroenterol. 2012; 3(10): e24. doi: 10.1038/ctg.2012.19</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mukewar S, Mukewar S, Ravi R, Prasad A, Dua KS. Colon tuberculosis: Endoscopic features and prospective endoscopic follow-up after anti-tuberculosis treatment. Clin Transl Gastroenterol. 2012; 3(10): e24. doi: 10.1038/ctg.2012.19</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Singh JA, Wells GA, Christensen R, Tanjong Ghogomu E, Maxwell L, Macdonald JK, et al. Adverse effects of biologics: A network meta-analysis and Cochrane overview. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011; 2011(2): CD008794. doi: 10.1002/14651858. CD008794.pub2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Singh JA, Wells GA, Christensen R, Tanjong Ghogomu E, Maxwell  L, Macdonald  JK, et  al. Adverse effects of  biologics: A network meta-analysis and Cochrane overview. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011; 2011(2): CD008794. doi: 10.1002/14651858. CD008794.pub2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Banerjee R, Ali RAR, Wei SC, Adsul S. Biologics for the management of inflammatory bowel disease: A review in tuberculosisendemic countries. Gut Liver. 2020; 14(6): 685-698. doi: 10.5009/gnl19209</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Banerjee R, Ali RAR, Wei SC, Adsul S. Biologics for the management of inflammatory bowel disease: A review in tuberculosisendemic countries. Gut Liver. 2020; 14(6): 685-698. doi: 10.5009/gnl19209</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Князев О.В., Шкурко Т.В., Каграманова А.В., Веселов А.В., Никонов Е.Л. Эпидемиология воспалительных заболеваний кишечника. Современное состояние проблемы (обзор литературы). Доказательная гастроэнтерология. 2020; 9(2): 66-73. doi: 10.17116/dokgastro2020902166</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Knyazev  OV, Shkurko TV, Kagramanova  AV, Veselov  AV, Nikonov EL. Epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease. State of  the  problem (review). Russian Journal of Evidence-Based Gastroenterology. 2020; 9(2): 66-73. (In Russ.). doi: 10.17116/dokgastro2020902166</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ananthakrishnan AN. Epidemiology and risk factors for IBD. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015; 12(4): 205-217. doi: 10.1038/nrgastro.2015.34</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ananthakrishnan AN. Epidemiology and risk factors for IBD. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015; 12(4): 205-217. doi: 10.1038/nrgastro.2015.34</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sindhu RK, Goyal A, Das J, Kanojia N, Arora S. Crohn’s disease: Symptoms, diagnosis, management by medical and alternative treatment. Pharm Sci Asia. 2021; 48(3): 204-223. doi: 10.29090/ psa.2021.03.20.065</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sindhu RK, Goyal A, Das J, Kanojia N, Arora S. Crohn’s disease: Symptoms, diagnosis, management by medical and alternative treatment. Pharm Sci Asia. 2021; 48(3): 204-223. doi: 10.29090/psa.2021.03.20.065</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Seo H, Lee S, So H, Kim D, Kim SO, Soh JS, et al. Temporal trends in the misdiagnosis rates between Crohn’s disease and intestinal tuberculosis. World J Gastroenterol. 2017; 23(34): 6306-6314. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i34.6306</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Seo H, Lee S, So H, Kim D, Kim SO, Soh JS, et al. Temporal trends in the misdiagnosis rates between Crohn’s disease and intestinal tuberculosis. World J Gastroenterol. 2017; 23(34): 6306-6314. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i34.6306</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sharma V, Debi U, Mandavdhare H. Tuberculosis and other mycobacterial infections of the abdomen. In: Kuipers EJ. (ed). Encyclopedia of gastreonterology. 2nd ed. Academic Press, Elsevier; 2020: 646-659.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sharma V, Debi U, Mandavdhare H. Tuberculosis and other mycobacterial infections of  the  abdomen. In: Kuipers  EJ. (ed). Encyclopedia of gastreonterology. 2nd ed. Academic Press, Elsevier; 2020: 646-659.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wei JP, Wu XY, Gao SY, Chen QY, Liu T, Liu G. Misdiagnosis and mistherapy of Crohn’s disease as intestinal tuberculosis: Case report and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016; 95(1): e2436. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000002436</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wei JP, Wu XY, Gao SY, Chen QY, Liu T, Liu G. Misdiagnosis and mistherapy of Crohn’s disease as intestinal tuberculosis: Case report and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016; 95(1): e2436. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000002436</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Limsrivilai J, Shreiner AB, Pongpaibul A, Laohapand C, Boonanuwat R, Pausawasdi N, et al. Meta-analytic Bayesian model for differentiating intestinal tuberculosis from Crohn’s disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2017; 112(3): 415-427. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2016.529</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Limsrivilai  J, Shreiner  AB, Pongpaibul  A, Laohapand  C, Boonanuwat R, Pausawasdi N, et al. Meta-analytic Bayesian model for differentiating intestinal tuberculosis from Crohn’s disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2017; 112(3): 415-427. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2016.529</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kedia S, Das P, Madhusudhan KS, Dattagupta S, Sharma R, Sahni P, et al. Differentiating Crohn’s disease from intestinal tuberculosis. World J Gastroenterol. 2019; 25(4): 418-432. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i4.418</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kedia S, Das P, Madhusudhan KS, Dattagupta S, Sharma R, Sahni P, et al. Differentiating Crohn’s disease from intestinal tuberculosis. World J Gastroenterol. 2019; 25(4): 418-432. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i4.418</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Israrahmed A, Yadav RR, Yadav G, Alpana, Helavar RV, Rai P, et al. Systematic reporting of computed tomography enterography/enteroclysis as an aid to reduce diagnostic dilemma when differentiating between intestinal tuberculosis and Crohn’s disease: A prospective study at a tertiary care hospital. JGH Open. 2020; 5(2): 180-189. doi: 10.1002/jgh3.12478</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Israrahmed  A, Yadav  RR, Yadav  G, Alpana, Helavar  RV, Rai  P, et  al. Systematic reporting of  computed tomography enterography/enteroclysis as an aid to reduce diagnostic dilemma when differentiating between intestinal tuberculosis and Crohn’s disease: A prospective study at a tertiary care hospital. JGH Open. 2020; 5(2): 180-189. doi: 10.1002/jgh3.12478</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kedia S, Sharma R, Bopanna S, Makharia G, Ahuja V. Predictive model for differentiating Crohn’s disease and intestinal tuberculosis: The story is incomplete without imaging. Am J Gastroenterol. 2017; 112(1): 188-189. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2016.490</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kedia  S, Sharma  R, Bopanna  S, Makharia  G, Ahuja V. Predictive model for differentiating Crohn’s disease and intestinal tuberculosis: The story is incomplete without imaging. Am J Gastroenterol. 2017; 112(1): 188-189. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2016.490</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Patel B, Yagnik VD Clinical and laboratory features of intestinal tuberculosis. Clin Exp Gastroenterol. 2018; 11: 97-103. doi: 10.2147/CEG.S154235</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Patel B, Yagnik VD Clinical and laboratory features of intestinal tuberculosis. Clin Exp Gastroenterol. 2018; 11: 97-103. doi: 10.2147/CEG.S154235</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кошелев Э.Г., Китаев С.В., Беляев Г.Ю., Егоров А.А. КТ диагностика заболеваний, проявляющихся утолщением стенки толстой кишки. Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология. 2019; (2): 107-119. doi: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-162-2-107-119</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koshelev EG, Kitayev  SV, Belyaev  GYu, Egorov  AA. CT diagnosis of diseases manifested by thickening of the colon wall. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2019; (2): 107-119. (In Russ.). doi: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-162-2-107-119</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Решетников М.Н., Плоткин Д.В., Синицын М.В., Калинина М.В., Зюзя Ю.Р., Абу Аркуб Т.И. Абдоминальный туберкулёз: комплексная диагностика туберкулёзного энтероколита. Медицинский вестник Северного Кавказа. 2021; 16(1): 30-35. doi: 10.14300/mnnc.2021.16008</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reshetnikov  MN, Plotkin  DV, Sinitsyn  MV, Kalinina  MV, Zyuzya YuR, Abu Arqoub TI. Abdominal tuberculosis: Complex diagnostics of tuberculous enterocolitis. Medical News of the North Caucasus. 2021; 16(1): 30-35. (In Russ.). doi: 10.14300/mnnc.2021.16008</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kedia S, Sharma R, Nagi B, Mouli VP, Aananthakrishnan A, Dhingra R, et al. Computerized tomography-based predictive model for differentiation of Crohn’s disease from intestinal tuberculosis. Indian J Gastroenterol. 2015; 34(2): 135-143. doi: 10.1007/s12664-015-0550-y</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kedia S, Sharma R, Nagi B, Mouli VP, Aananthakrishnan A, Dhingra  R, et  al. Computerized tomography-based predictive model for differentiation of Crohn’s disease from intestinal tuberculosis. Indian J Gastroenterol. 2015; 34(2): 135-143. doi: 10.1007/s12664-015-0550-y</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Park YH, Chung WS, Lim JS, Park SJ, Cheon JH, Kim TI, et al. Diagnostic role of computed tomographic enterography differentiating Crohn disease from intestinal tuberculosis. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2013; 37(5): 834-839. doi: 10.1097/RCT.0b013e31829e0292</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Park YH, Chung WS, Lim JS, Park SJ, Cheon JH, Kim TI, et al. Diagnostic role of computed tomographic enterography differentiating Crohn disease from intestinal tuberculosis. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2013; 37(5): 834-839. doi: 10.1097/RCT.0b013e31829e0292</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mao R, Liao WD, He Y, Ouyang CH, Zhu ZH, Yu C, et al. Computed tomographic enterography adds value to colonoscopy in differentiating Crohn’s disease from intestinal tuberculosis: A potential diagnostic algorithm. Endoscopy. 2015; 47(4): 322-329. doi: 10.1055/s-0034-1391230</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mao R, Liao WD, He Y, Ouyang CH, Zhu ZH, Yu C, et al. Computed tomographic enterography adds value to colonoscopy in  differentiating Crohn’s disease from intestinal tuberculosis: A potential diagnostic algorithm. Endoscopy. 2015; 47(4): 322-329. doi: 10.1055/s-0034-1391230</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kedia S, Sharma R, Sreenivas V, Madhusudhan KS, Sharma V, Bopanna S, et al. Accuracy of computed tomographic features in differentiating intestinal tuberculosis from Crohn’s disease: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Intest Res. 2017; 15(2): 149-159. doi: 10.5217/ir.2017.15.2.149</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kedia  S, Sharma  R, Sreenivas  V, Madhusudhan  KS, Sharma V, Bopanna S, et al. Accuracy of computed tomographic features in  differentiating intestinal tuberculosis from Crohn’s disease: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Intest Res. 2017; 15(2): 149-159. doi: 10.5217/ir.2017.15.2.149</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Crohn BB, Ginzburg L, Oppenheimer GD. Landmark article Oct 15, 1932. Regional ileitis. A pathological and clinical entity. By Burril B. Crohn, Leon Ginzburg, and Gordon D. Oppenheimer. JAMA. 1984; 251(1): 73-79. doi: 10.1001/jama.251.1.73</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Crohn BB, Ginzburg L, Oppenheimer GD. Landmark article Oct  15, 1932. Regional ileitis. A  pathological and clinical entity. By Burril B. Crohn, Leon Ginzburg, and Gordon D. Oppenheimer. JAMA. 1984; 251(1): 73-79. doi: 10.1001/jama.251.1.73</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kedia S, Das P, Madhusudhan KS, Dattagupta S, Sharma R, Sahni P, et al. Differentiating Crohn’s disease from intestinal tuberculosis. World J Gastroenterol. 2019; 25(4): 418-432. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i4.418</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kedia S, Das P, Madhusudhan KS, Dattagupta S, Sharma R, Sahni P, et al. Differentiating Crohn’s disease from intestinal tuberculosis. World J Gastroenterol. 2019; 25(4): 418-432. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i4.418</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Paulsen SR, Huprich JE, Fletcher JG, Booya F, Young BM, Fidler JL, et al. CT enterography as a diagnostic tool in evaluating small bowel disorders: Review of clinical experience with over 700 cases. Radiographics. 2006; 26(3): 641-657; discussion 657-662. doi: 10.1148/rg.263055162</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Paulsen SR, Huprich JE, Fletcher JG, Booya F, Young BM, Fidler JL, et al. CT enterography as a diagnostic tool in evaluating small bowel disorders: Review of  clinical experience with over 700 cases. Radiographics. 2006; 26(3): 641-657; discussion 657-662. doi: 10.1148/rg.263055162</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jia Y, Li C, Yang X, Dong Z, Huang K, Luo Y, et al. CT Enterography score: A potential predictor for severity assessment of active ulcerative colitis. BMC Gastroenterol. 2018; 18(1): 173. doi: 10.1186/s12876-018-0890-z</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jia Y, Li C, Yang X, Dong Z, Huang K, Luo Y, et al. CT Enterography score: A potential predictor for severity assessment of active ulcerative colitis. BMC Gastroenterol. 2018; 18(1): 173. doi: 10.1186/s12876-018-0890-z</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goyal P, Shah J, Gupta S, Gupta P, Sharma V. Imaging in discriminating intestinal tuberculosis and Crohn’s disease: Past, present and the future. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019; 13(10): 995-1007. doi: 10.1080/17474124.2019.1673730</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goyal  P, Shah  J, Gupta  S, Gupta  P, Sharma V. Imaging in discriminating intestinal tuberculosis and Crohn’s disease: Past, present and the  future. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019; 13(10): 995-1007. doi: 10.1080/17474124.2019.1673730</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jung Y, Hwangbo Y, Yoon SM, Koo HS, Shin HD, Shin JE, et al. Predictive factors for differentiating between Crohn’s disease and intestinal tuberculosis in Koreans. Am J Gastroenterol. 2016; 111(8): 1156-1164. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2016.212</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jung Y, Hwangbo Y, Yoon SM, Koo HS, Shin HD, Shin JE, et al. Predictive factors for differentiating between Crohn’s disease and intestinal tuberculosis in Koreans. Am J Gastroenterol. 2016; 111(8): 1156-1164. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2016.212</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rafael MA, Martins Figueiredo L, Oliveira AM, Nuno Costa M, Theias Manso R, Martins A. Gastrointestinal tuberculosis mimicking Crohn’s disease. GE Port J Gastroenterol. 2020; 27(4): 278-282. doi: 10.1159/000504719</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rafael  MA, Martins Figueiredo  L, Oliveira  AM, Nuno Costa M, Theias Manso R, Martins A. Gastrointestinal tuberculosis mimicking Crohn’s disease. GE Port J Gastroenterol. 2020; 27(4): 278-282. doi: 10.1159/000504719</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lin W-C, Chang C-W, Wang T-E, Wang H-Y, Shih S-C, Chu C-H, et al. Endoscopic features and treatment response have better prediction rate than clinical symptoms/signs in distinguishing Crohn’s disease and intestinal tuberculosis. Adv Dig Med. 2017; 4(4): 121-127. doi: 10.1002/aid2.12121</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lin W-C, Chang  C-W, Wang T-E, Wang  H-Y, Shih  S-C, Chu C-H, et al. Endoscopic features and treatment response have better prediction rate than clinical symptoms/signs in distinguishing Crohn’s disease and intestinal tuberculosis. Adv Dig Med. 2017; 4(4): 121-127. doi: 10.1002/aid2.12121</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Park S, Lee T, Lim W, Park S, Park H, Yun J, et al. Case of Crohn’s disease initially misdiagnosed as intestinal tuberculosis due to active pulmonary tuberculosis. Korean J Gastroenterol. 2021; 77(1): 30-34. doi: 10.4166/kjg.2020.130</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Park  S, Lee T, Lim W, Park  S, Park  H, Yun  J, et  al. Case of Crohn’s disease initially misdiagnosed as intestinal tuberculosis due to active pulmonary tuberculosis. Korean J Gastroenterol. 2021; 77(1): 30-34. doi: 10.4166/kjg.2020.130</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rana SS, Sharma V, Sharma R, Nada R, Gupta R, Bhasin DK. Capsule endoscopy in small bowel Crohn’s disease and tuberculosis. Trop Doct. 2017; 47(2): 113-118. doi: 10.1177/0049475516686542</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rana SS, Sharma V, Sharma R, Nada R, Gupta R, Bhasin DK. Capsule endoscopy in small bowel Crohn’s disease and tuberculosis. Trop Doct. 2017; 47(2): 113-118. doi: 10.1177/0049475516686542</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim YG, Kim KJ, Min YK. Comparison of small bowel findings using capsule endoscopy between Crohn’s disease and intestinal tuberculosis in Korea. Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2020; 37(2): 98-105. doi: 10.12701/yujm.2019.00374</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kim YG, Kim  KJ, Min YK. Comparison of  small bowel findings using capsule endoscopy between Crohn’s disease and intestinal tuberculosis in Korea. Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2020; 37(2): 98-105. doi: 10.12701/yujm.2019.00374</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kirsch R, Pentecost M, Hall Pde M, Epstein DP, Watermeyer G, et al. Role of colonoscopic biopsy in distinguishing between Crohn’s disease and intestinal tuberculosis. JClin Pathol. 2006; 59(8): 840-844. doi: 10.1136/jcp.2005.032383</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kirsch R, Pentecost M, Hall Pde M, Epstein DP, Watermeyer G, et al. Role of colonoscopic biopsy in distinguishing between Crohn’s disease and intestinal tuberculosis. JClin Pathol. 2006; 59(8): 840-844. doi: 10.1136/jcp.2005.032383</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Podolsky DK. The current future understanding of inflammatory bowel disease. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2002; 16(6): 933-943. doi: 10.1053/bega.2002.0354</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Podolsky DK. The current future understanding of inflammatory bowel disease. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2002; 16(6): 933-943. doi: 10.1053/bega.2002.0354</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Du J, Ma YY, Xiang H, Li YM. Confluent granulomas and ulcers lined by epithelioid histiocytes: New ideal method for differentiation of ITB and CD? A meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2014; 9(10): e103303. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103303</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Du J, Ma YY, Xiang H, Li YM. Confluent granulomas and ulcers lined by epithelioid histiocytes: New ideal method for differentiation of ITB and CD? A meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2014; 9(10): e103303. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103303</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">González-Puga C, Palomeque-Jiménez A, García-Saura PL, Pérez-Cabrera B, Jiménez-Ríos JA. Colonic tuberculosis mimicking Crohn’s disease: An exceptional cause of massive surgical rectal bleeding. Med Mal Infect. 2015; 45(1-2): 44-46. doi: 10.1016/j.medmal.2014.11.005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">González-Puga C, Palomeque-Jiménez A, García-Saura PL, Pérez-Cabrera  B, Jiménez-Ríos  JA. Colonic tuberculosis mimicking Crohn’s disease: An  exceptional cause of  massive surgical rectal bleeding. Med Mal Infect. 2015; 45(1-2): 44-46. doi: 10.1016/j.medmal.2014.11.005</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cappell MS, Saad A, Bortman JS, Amin M. Ileocolonic tuberculosis clinically, endoscopically, and radiologically mimicking Crohn’s disease: Disseminated infection after treatment with infliximab. J Crohns Colitis. 2014; 8(6): 560-562. doi: 10.1016/j.crohns.2013.11.022</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cappell MS, Saad A, Bortman JS, Amin M. Ileocolonic tuberculosis clinically, endoscopically, and radiologically mimicking Crohn’s disease: Disseminated infection after treatment with infliximab. J Crohns Colitis. 2014; 8(6): 560-562. doi: 10.1016/j.crohns.2013.11.022</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Foster BD, Buchberg B, Parekh NK, Mills S. Case of intestinal tuberculosis mimicking Crohn’s disease. Am J Case Rep. 2012; 13: 58-61. doi: 10.12659/AJCR.882756</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Foster BD, Buchberg B, Parekh NK, Mills S. Case of intestinal tuberculosis mimicking Crohn’s disease. Am J Case Rep. 2012; 13: 58-61. doi: 10.12659/AJCR.882756</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zumla A, George A, Sharma V, Herbert RH, Baroness Masham of Ilton, Oxley A., et al. The WHO 2014 global tuberculosis report – further to go. Lancet Glob Health. 2015; 3(1): e10-e12. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(14)70361-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zumla  A, George  A, Sharma V, Herbert  RH, Baroness Masham of Ilton, Oxley A., et al. The WHO 2014 global tuberculosis report – further to go. Lancet Glob Health. 2015; 3(1): e10-e12. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(14)70361-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">MacLean E, Sulis G, Denkinger CM, Johnston JC, Pai M, Ahmad Khan F. Diagnostic accuracy of stool Xpert MTB/RIF for detection of pulmonary tuberculosis in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Microbiol. 2019; 57(6): e02057-18. doi: 10.1128/JCM.02057-18</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">MacLean E, Sulis G, Denkinger CM, Johnston JC, Pai M, Ahmad Khan  F. Diagnostic accuracy of  stool Xpert MTB/RIF for detection of pulmonary tuberculosis in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Microbiol. 2019; 57(6): e02057-18. doi: 10.1128/JCM.02057-18</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sharma V. Differentiating intestinal tuberculosis and Crohn disease: Quo vadis. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020; 14(8): 647-650. doi: 10.1080/17474124.2020.1785870</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sharma V. Differentiating intestinal tuberculosis and Crohn disease: Quo vadis. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020; 14(8): 647-650. doi: 10.1080/17474124.2020.1785870</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Malik S, Sharma K, Vaiphei K, Dhaka N, Berry N, Gupta P, et al. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis of gastrointestinal tuberculosis. JGH Open. 2018; 3(1): 32-37. doi: 10.1002/jgh3.12100</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Malik S, Sharma K, Vaiphei K, Dhaka N, Berry N, Gupta P, et al. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis of gastrointestinal tuberculosis. JGH Open. 2018; 3(1): 32-37. doi: 10.1002/jgh3.12100</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fei B, Zhou L, Zhang Y, Luo L, Chen Y. Application value of tissue tuberculosis antigen combined with Xpert MTB/RIF detection in differential diagnoses of intestinal tuberculosis and Crohn’s disease. BMC Infect Dis. 2021; 21(1): 498. doi: 10.1186/s12879-021-06210-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fei B, Zhou L, Zhang Y, Luo L, Chen Y. Application value of  tissue tuberculosis antigen combined with Xpert MTB/RIF detection in differential diagnoses of intestinal tuberculosis and Crohn’s disease. BMC Infect Dis. 2021; 21(1): 498. doi:  10.1186/ s12879-021-06210-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aberra FN, Stettler N, Brensinger C, Lichtenstein GR, Lewis JD. Risk for active tuberculosis in inflammatory bowel disease patients. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007; 5(9): 1070-1075. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2007.04.007</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aberra  FN, Stettler  N, Brensinger  C, Lichtenstein  GR, Lewis JD. Risk for active tuberculosis in inflammatory bowel disease patients. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007; 5(9): 1070-1075. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2007.04.007</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bernstein CN, Eliakim A, Fedail S, Fried M, Gearry R, Goh KL, et al. Review Team: World Gastroenterology Organisation Global Guidelines Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Update August 2015. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2016; 50(10): 803-818. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000000660</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bernstein  CN, Eliakim  A, Fedail  S, Fried  M, Gearry  R, Goh KL, et al. Review Team: World Gastroenterology Organisation Global Guidelines Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Update August 2015. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2016; 50(10): 803-818. doi:  10.1097/MCG.0000000000000660</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee YJ, Yang SK, Byeon JS, Myung SJ, Chang HS, Hong SS, et al. Analysis of colonoscopic findings in the differential diagnosis between intestinal tuberculosis and Crohn’s disease. Endoscopy. 2006; 38(6): 592-597. doi: 10.1055/s-2006-924996</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee YJ, Yang SK, Byeon JS, Myung SJ, Chang HS, Hong SS, et al. Analysis of colonoscopic findings in the differential diagnosis between intestinal tuberculosis and Crohn’s disease. Endoscopy. 2006; 38(6): 592-597. doi: 10.1055/s-2006-924996</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Travis SP, Stange EF, Lémann M, Oresland T, Chowers Y, Forbes A, et al. European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation. European evidence based consensus on the diagnosis and management of Crohn’s disease: current management. Gut. 2006; 55(Suppl 1): i16-i35. doi: 10.1136/gut.2005.081950b</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Travis SP, Stange EF, Lémann M, Oresland T, Chowers Y, Forbes A, et al. European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation. European evidence based consensus on  the  diagnosis and management of Crohn’s disease: current management. Gut. 2006; 55(Suppl 1): i16-i35. doi: 10.1136/gut.2005.081950b</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
