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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">actabiomedica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Acta Biomedica Scientifica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Acta Biomedica Scientifica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-9420</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9596</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29413/ABS.2021-6.4.6</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">actabiomedica-2974</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИНФЕКЦИОННЫЕ БОЛЕЗНИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INFECTIOUS DISEASES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Коронавирусная болезнь 2019 (COVID-19): нетоз-ассоциированные механизмы прогрессирования и перспективы терапии, регулирующей образование нейтрофильных внеклекточных ловушек (NETs)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): NETosis-associated mechanisms of progression and prospects for therapy regulating the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4973-039X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Айтбаев</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aitbaev</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> доктор медицинских наук, профессор, руководитель лаборатории патологической физиологии; член правления Общества специалистов по хронической болезни почек  Кыргызстана </p><p>720040, г. Бишкек, ул. Тоголок Молдо, 3, Кыргызстан </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Dr. Sc. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Laboratory of Pathological Physiology; Member of the Board of the Society of Chronic Kidney Disease Specialists of Kyrgyzstan </p><p> Togolok Moldo str. 3, Bishkek 720040, Kyrgyzstan </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kaitbaev@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8513-9279</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Муркамилов</surname><given-names>И. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Murkamilov</surname><given-names>I. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, врач-нефролог; исполняющий обязанности доцента кафедры факультетской терапии; старший преподаватель; Председатель правления Общества специалистов по хронической болезни почек Кыргызстана</p><p>720020, г. Бишкек, ул. Ахунбаева, 92, Кыргызстан</p><p>720000, г. Бишкек, ул. Киевская, 44, Кыргызстан </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Cand. Sc. (Med.), Nephrologist, Acting Associate Professor at the Department of Intermediate Level Therapy; Senior Lecturer, Chairman of the Society of Chronic Kidney Disease Specialists of Kyrgyzstan </p><p>Akhunbaeva str. 92, Bishkek 720020, Kyrgyzstan </p><p>Kievskaya str. 44, Bishkek 720000, Kyrgyzstan </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">murkamilov.i@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2682-4417</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фомин</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fomin</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>  доктор медицинских наук, профессор, член-корр. РАН, заведующий кафедрой факультетской терапии № 1 Института клинической медицины им. Н.В. Склифосовского, проректор по клинической работе и дополнительному профессиональному образованию </p><p>119991, г. Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2, Россия </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Dr. Sc. (Med.), Professor, Corresponding Member of RAS, Head of the Department of Intermediate Level Therapy N 1 of the N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine, ViceRector for Clinical Service and Advanced Professional Education</p><p> Trubetskaya str. 8 build. 2, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fomin@mma.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3007-8127</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кудайбергенова</surname><given-names>И. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kudaibergenova</surname><given-names>I. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, ректор</p><p>720020, г. Бишкек, ул. Ахунбаева, 92, Кыргызстан </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Dr. Sc. (Med.), Professor, Rector</p><p> Akhunbaeva str. 92, Bishkek 720020, Kyrgyzstan </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">k_i_o2403@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0632-6653</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юсупов</surname><given-names>Ф. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yusupov</surname><given-names>F. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой неврологии, нейрохирургии и психиатрии медицинского факультета; член правления Общества специалистов по хронической болезни почек Кыргызстана; главный невролог Южного региона Кыргызстана</p><p>723500, г. Ош, ул. Ленина, 331, Кыргызстан</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Dr. Sc. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry of Medical Faculty; Member of the Board of the Society of Chronic Kidney Disease Specialists of Kyrgyzstan; Chief Neurologist of the  Southern Region of Kyrgyzstan </p><p>Lenina str. 331, Osh 723500, Kyrgyzstan </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">furcat_y@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт молекулярной биологии и медицины</institution><country>Кыргызстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific and Research Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicine</institution><country>Kyrgyzstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кыргызская государственная медицинская академия имени&#13;
И.К. Ахунбаева;&#13;
ГОУ ВПО Кыргызско-Российский Славянский университет имени Б.Н. Ельцина</institution><country>Кыргызстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.K. Akhunbaev Kyrgyz State Medical Academy;&#13;
B.N. Yeltsin Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University</institution><country>Kyrgyzstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный  медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава  России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health Care of Russian Federation (Sechenov University) </institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кыргызская государственная медицинская академия имени&#13;
И.К. Ахунбаева</institution><country>Кыргызстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.K. Akhunbaev Kyrgyz State Medical Academy </institution><country>Kyrgyzstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ошский государственный университет</institution><country>Кыргызстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Osh State University</institution><country>Kyrgyzstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>64</fpage><lpage>73</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Айтбаев К.А., Муркамилов И.Т., Фомин В.В., Кудайбергенова И.О., Юсупов Ф.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Айтбаев К.А., Муркамилов И.Т., Фомин В.В., Кудайбергенова И.О., Юсупов Ф.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Aitbaev K.A., Murkamilov I.T., Fomin V.V., Kudaibergenova I.O., Yusupov F.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/2974">https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/2974</self-uri><abstract><p>Инфекционное заболевание COVID-19, вызванное коронавирусом SARS-CoV-2, характеризуется высокой контагиозностью, сложностью патогенеза и непредсказуемостью клинического течения. В тяжёлых случаях, которым особенно подвержены мужчины, лица пожилого возраста и люди с такими основными заболеваниями, как ожирение, диабет, артериальная гипертензия, сердечно-сосудистые и хронические респираторные заболевания, инфекция приводит к дыхательной недостаточности и смерти вследствие развития обширной воспалительной реакции. В результате многих исследований установлено, что одной из ведущих причин тяжёлого течения и смерти пациентов с COVID-19 является развитие у них коагулопатии, то есть повышенного тромбообразования в мелких сосудах вследствие излишней активности нейтрофилов, которые для защиты хозяина и противодействия распространению вирусов формируют так называемые внеклеточные ловушки нейтрофилов (NETs, neutrophil extracellular traps). Хотя NETs играют полезную роль в защите своего хозяина от патогенов, их чрезмерное образование может вызвать каскад неблагоприятных реакций, включающих выработку антител против ДНК хозяина (аутоиммунизация), повреждение окружающей ткани или возникновение тромбоэмболических осложнений. Поэтому внеклеточные ловушки нейтрофилов и их маркеры были идентифицированы в качестве объектов новых терапевтических стратегий, направленных на уменьшение тяжести заболевания COVID-19 и/или уровня смертности. В данной статье приводится описание строения NET, а также анализируются молекулярные механизмы, способствующие их чрезмерной генерации. Кроме того, обсуждаются перспективы терапии COVID-19, направленной на регулирование формирования внеклеточных ловушек путём создания лекарств, как лимитирующих производство NETструктур, так и растворяющих их избыточное количество в организме больных.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Infectious disease COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is characterized by high contagiousness, complexity of pathogenesis and unpredictability of the clinical course. In severe cases, which are especially susceptible to men, the elderly and people with underlying medical conditions such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular and chronic respiratory diseases, the infection leads to respiratory failure and death due to the development of an extensive inflammatory reaction. As a result of many studies, it has been established that one of the leading causes of the severe course and death of patients with COVID-19 is the development of coagulopathy, that is, increased thrombus formation in small vessels due to excessive activity of neutrophils, which form the so-called neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Although NETs play a useful role in protecting their host from pathogens, their overgrowth can trigger a cascade of adverse reactions including: the production of antibodies against the host’s DNA (autoimmunization); damage to surrounding tissue; or the occurrence of thromboembolic complications. Therefore, extracellular neutrophil traps and their markers have been identified as targets for new therapeutic strategies aimed at reducing the severity of COVID-19 disease and/or mortality. This article describes the structure of NETs, as well as analyzes the molecular mechanisms that contribute to their overgeneration. In addition, the prospects for COVID-19 therapy aimed at regulating the formation of extracellular traps by creating drugs both limiting the production of NET structures and dissolving their excess amounts in the body of patients are discussed.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>NET</kwd><kwd>нейтрофилы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>NET</kwd><kwd>neutrophils</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De Wit E, van Doremalen N, Falzarano D, Munster VJ. SARS and MERS: Recent insights into emerging coronaviruses. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2016; 14(8): 523. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro.2016.81</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">De Wit E, van Doremalen N, Falzarano D, Munster VJ. SARS and MERS: Recent insights into emerging coronaviruses. 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