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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">actabiomedica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Acta Biomedica Scientifica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Acta Biomedica Scientifica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-9420</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9596</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29413/ABS.2021-6.3.20</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">actabiomedica-2868</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТРАВМАТОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TRAUMATOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Идиопатический сколиоз: общая характеристика и анализ этиологических теорий (обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Idiopathic scoliosis: general characteristics and analysis of etiological theories (literature review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9008-6383</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Строкова</surname><given-names>Е. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Strokova</surname><given-names>E. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> кандидат биологических наук, научный сотрудник научно-исследовательского отдела организации научных исследований </p><p>Scopus Author ID: 55910202100, Web of Science ResearcherID: A-7663–2019</p><p>630091, г. Новосибирск, ул. Фрунзе, 17, Россия </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Candidate of Biological Sciences, researcher of the Organization Research department</p><p>17, Frunze st., Novosibirsk, Russia, 630091</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 55910202100, Web of Science ResearcherID: A-7663-2019 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">EZavyalova@niito.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9575-4096</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пахомова</surname><given-names>Н. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pahomova</surname><given-names>N. Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> доцент, кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник научно-исследовательского отдела организации научных исследований </p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57211354401</p><p>630091, г. Новосибирск, ул. Фрунзе, 17, Россия </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Associate Professor, Candidate of Medical Sciences, Senior researcher of the Organization Research department</p><p>17, Frunze st., Novosibirsk, Russia, 630091</p><p> Scopus Author ID: 57211354401 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">NPahomova@niito.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1572-0089</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гусев</surname><given-names>А. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gusev</surname><given-names>A. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> кандидат медицинских наук, ученый секретарь </p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57204198723</p><p>630091, г. Новосибирск, ул. Фрунзе, 17, Россия </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Candidate of Medical Sciences, Scientific Secretary</p><p>17, Frunze st., Novosibirsk, Russia, 630091</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57204198723 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">agusev@niito.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6613-1615</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зайдман</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaydman</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> профессор, доктор медицинских наук, Заслуженный деятель науки, главный научный сотрудник научно-исследовательского отдела организации научных исследований </p><p> Scopus Author ID: 6602162681, Web of Science ResearcherID: AAE-6100–2019</p><p>630091, г. Новосибирск, ул. Фрунзе, 17, Россия </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Professor, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Honored Scientist, Chief Researcher of the Organization Research department</p><p>17, Frunze st., Novosibirsk, Russia, 630091</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 6602162681, Web of Science ResearcherID: AAE-6100–2019 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zaydmanam@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Новосибирский научноисследовательский институт травматологии и ортопедии им. Я.Л. Цивьяна» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Novosibirsk Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics n. a. Ya. L. Tsivyan</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>08</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>193</fpage><lpage>208</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Строкова Е.Л., Пахомова Н.Ю., Гусев А.Ф., Зайдман А.М., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Строкова Е.Л., Пахомова Н.Ю., Гусев А.Ф., Зайдман А.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Strokova E.L., Pahomova N.Y., Gusev A.F., Zaydman A.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/2868">https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/2868</self-uri><abstract><p>Идиопатический сколиоз – тяжелая патология опорно-двигательного аппарата, поражающая детей и подростков во всем мире. Заболевание встречается примерно у 0,2-0,6% от общего населения и составляет самую большую подгруппу искривлений позвоночника у человека (70-90% случаев всех известных сколиозов). При идиопатическом сколиозе формируется трехмерная деформация позвоночного столба, приводящая к образованию реберного горба, искривлению ребер и грудной клетки, асимметрии таза и нарушению развития внутренних органов. Главной особенностью заболевания является спонтанное развитие деформации во время роста ребенка и тенденция к прогрессированию. Сколиоз – не только ортопедическое заболевание, но и значительная косметическая, а, следовательно, психологическая и социальная проблема. Стандарт лечения сколиотической болезни длительное время остается неизменным: наблюдение, корсетолечение и хирургическая коррекция. Прогноз развития патологии варьирует в зависимости от степени деформации. Корсетотерапия, госпитализация, хирургическое вмешательство и лечение хронических болей в спине оказывают негативное влияние на психоэмоциональное состояние детей и подростков. Несмотря на значительные успехи в способах диагностики деформации, совершенствовании методов оперативного лечения и в изучении патогенеза, этиологический фактор патологии до сих пор остается неизвестным. Поиск причин развития идиопатического сколиоза охватывает практически все аспекты его возможного происхождения: генетический, экологический, гормональный, метаболический, биохимический, неврологический и другие. В последние десятилетия были сформулированы соответствующие теории развития сколиоза, но ни одна из теорий не раскрывает сущности патологического процесса и не имеет четкого обоснования. Наибольшее количество сторонников имеет генетическая теория: генетические факторы играют ключевую роль в возникновении и развитии идиопатического сколиоза. Понимание факторов, лежащих в основе заболевания, позволит осуществлять профилактику, раннюю диагностику и выявление групп риска рассматриваемой категории пациентов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Idiopathic scoliosis is a severe pathology of the musculoskeletal system that affects children and adolescents all over the world. The disease occurs in approximately 0.2-0.6% of the general population, and is the largest subgroup of spinal curvature in humans (70-90% of all known scoliosis cases). In idiopathic scoliosis, a threedimensional deformation of the vertebral column is formed, leading to the formation of a rib hump, curvature of the ribs and chest, asymmetry of the pelvis and impaired development of internal organs. The main feature of the disease is the spontaneous development of deformity during the growth of the child and the tendency to progress. Scoliosis is not only an orthopedic disease, but also a ignificant cosmetic, and, consequently, a psychological and social problem. The standard of treatment for scoliotic disease remains unchanged for a long time: observation, corset treatment and surgical correction. The prognosis for the development of pathology varies depending on the degree of deformation. The corset-therapy, hospitalization, surgery and treatment of chronic back pain have a negative impact on the psychoemotional state of children and adolescents. Despite significant advances in the methods of diagnosis of deformity, improvement of surgical treatment methods and in the study of pathogenesis, the etiological factor of pathology is still unknown. The search for the causes of idiopathic scoliosis covers almost all aspects of its possible origin: genetic, environmental, hormonal, metabolic, biochemical, neurological, and others. In recent decades, relevant theories of the development of scoliosis have been formulated, but none of the theories reveals the essence of the pathological process and has no clear justification. The greatest number of supporters is the genetic theory: genetic factors play a key role in the occurrence and development of idiopathic scoliosis. Understanding the underlying factors of the disease will enable prevention, early diagnosis, and identification of the risk groups of the patients in question.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>идиопатический сколиоз</kwd><kwd>деформация позвоночника</kwd><kwd>обзор этиологических теорий</kwd><kwd>генетические маркеры сколиоза</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>idiopathic scoliosis</kwd><kwd>spinal deformity</kwd><kwd>review of etiological theories</kwd><kwd>genetic markers of scoliosis</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Бюджетное финансирование осуществлялось в рамках выполнения поискового экспериментального исследования на тему: «Создание экспериментальной модели идиопатического сколиоза на курином эмбрионе путем ингибирования PAX3 гена липофильными интерферирующими siРНК».</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kouwenhoven JW, Castelein R. 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