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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">actabiomedica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Acta Biomedica Scientifica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Acta Biomedica Scientifica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-9420</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9596</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29413/ABS.2021-6.2.19</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">actabiomedica-2748</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТРАВМАТОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TRAUMATOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Клеточные технологии в регенерации сухожилий: от клетки до тканевой инженерии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cellular Technologies in Traumatology: From Cells to Tissue Engineering</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2540-4525</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дремина</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dremina</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории клеточных технологий и регенеративной медицины,</p><p>664003, г. Иркутск, ул. Борцов революции, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sc. (Biol.), Senior Research Officer at the Laboratory of Cell Technologies and Regenerative Medicine, </p><p>Bortsov Revolyutsiistr. 1, Irkutsk 664003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">drema76@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0270-404X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трухан</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trukhan</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории клеточных технологий и регенеративной медицины, </p><p>664003, г. Иркутск, ул. Борцов революции, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sc. (Biol.), Senior Research Officer at the Laboratory of Cell Technologies and Regenerative Medicine,</p><p>Bortsov Revolyutsiistr. 1, Irkutsk 664003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">predel4@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3980-050X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шурыгина</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shurygina</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, заместитель директора по научной работе, профессор РАН, </p><p>664003, г. Иркутск, ул. Борцов революции, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sc. (Med.), Professor of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Deputy Director for Science,</p><p>Bortsov Revolyutsiistr. 1, Irkutsk 664003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">irinashurygina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Иркутский научный центр хирургии и травматологии»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Irkutsk Scientific Centre of Surgery and Traumatology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>06</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>166</fpage><lpage>175</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Дремина Н.Н., Трухан И.С., Шурыгина И.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дремина Н.Н., Трухан И.С., Шурыгина И.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dremina N.N., Trukhan I.S., Shurygina I.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/2748">https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/2748</self-uri><abstract><p>Травмы и дегенеративные изменения сухожилий являются распространёнными повреждениями опорно-двигательного аппарата. Из-за гиповаскулярной природы сухожилие имеет ограниченную естественную способность к восстановлению. При стандартном хирургическом лечении целостность повреждённого сухожилия восстанавливается, однако в большинстве случаев происходит формирование соединительнотканного рубца, нарушающего структурную и механическую функциональность. Недостаточная эффективность традиционного лечения требует поиска альтернативных способов восстановления повреждённых сухожильных тканей. В данной статье обсуждаются новые, эффективные возможности улучшения лечения повреждённых сухожилий с применением клеточных технологий, где одним из основных направлений является применение мезенхимальных стволовых клеток. Благодаря мезенхимальным стволовым клеткам происходит сдвиг от профиброзных и провоспалительных реакций клеток к прорегенеративным. Стволовые клетки, являясь мультипотентными и обладая, в том числе, теногенным потенциалом, считаются перспективным материалом для восстановления повреждённых сухожилий. Также в статье описываются источники прогениторных сухожильных клеток: сухожильные пучки, перициты, основными маркерами которых являются Scx, Mkx – белки суперсемейства факторов транскрипции и Tnmd – трансмембранный гликопротеин.</p><p>Рассмотрены ростовые факторы, которые не только усиливают пролиферативную активность мезенхимальных стволовых клеток, но и способствуют экспрессии теногенных генов in vitro, а также выработке коллагена типа I, необходимого для формирования сухожилий. Наряду с ростовыми факторами представлен морфогенетический белок BMP14, усиливающий пролиферацию мезенхимальных стволовых клеток, а также способствующий направленной теногенной дифференцировке данных клеток, подавляя адипогенный и хондрогенный потенциалы.</p><p>В последние годы мезенхимальные стволовые клетки применяют как отдельно, так и в сочетании с различными ростовыми факторами и разнообразными трёхмерными конструкциями, обеспечивающими взаимодействие всех типов клеток.</p><p>Обсуждаются вопросы новейшей технологии 3D-биопечати, позволяющей изготовить тканеподобные структуры для замены повреждённых тканей, органов. Технология 3D-биопечати способна осуществлять точный пространственно-временной контроль распределения клеток, факторов роста, малых молекул, лекарственных препаратов и биологически активных веществ. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Injuries and degenerative changes of tendons are common damages of the musculoskeletal system. Due to its hypovascular character the tendon has a limited natural ability to recover. For typical surgical treatment, the tendon integrity is restored, but in most cases, there occurs formation of the connective tissue scar resulting in structural and mechanical functionality disruption. The insufficient effectiveness of traditional therapy methods requires the search for alternative ways to restore damaged tendon tissues. This article discusses new effective methods for improving the treatment that base on the use of cellular technologies among which one of the main directions is mesenchymal stem cell application. Due to mesenchymal stem cells, there is a shift from pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory reactions of cells to pro-regenerative ones. Stem cells being multipotent and having among other things tenogenic potential are considered a promising material for repairing damaged tendons. The article also describes the sources of progenitor tendon cells including the tendon bundles and pericytes the main markers of which are Scx and Mkx that are proteins of the transcription factor superfamily, and Tnmd that is transmembrane glycoprotein.</p><p>The growth factors that not only enhance the proliferative activity of mesenchymal stem cells but also promote in vitro tenogenic genes expression as well as the collagen Itype production what is necessary for tendon formation are considered. Along with growth factors, the morphogenetic protein BMP14 is presented, this protein increases themesenchymal stem cell proliferation and contributes directed tenogenic differentiation of these cells, suppressing their adipogenic and chondrogenic potentials.</p><p>In recent years, mesenchymal stem cells have been used both separately and in combination with various growth factors and different three-dimensional structures providing the interaction with all of the cell types.</p><p>The issues of the latest 3D-bioprinting technology allowing to make tissue-like structures for replacement damaged tissues and organs are discussed. 3D-bioprinting technology is known to allow acting exact spatio-temporal control of the distribution of cells, growth factors, small molecules, drugs and biologically active substances. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>клеточные технологии</kwd><kwd>регенерация сухожилия</kwd><kwd>мезенхимальные стволовые клетки</kwd><kwd>репарация</kwd><kwd>травматология</kwd><kwd>3D-биопечатьростора</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>сell technologies</kwd><kwd>mesenchymal stem cells</kwd><kwd>reparation</kwd><kwd>traumatology</kwd><kwd>tendon</kwd><kwd>3D-bioprinting</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Walia B, Huang AH. 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