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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">actabiomedica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Acta Biomedica Scientifica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Acta Biomedica Scientifica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-9420</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9596</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29413/ABS.2021-6.2.8</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">actabiomedica-2731</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КАРДИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CARDIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние нарушений метаболизма жирных кислот, гипоксии артериальной стенки и внутрибляшечных кровоизлияний на аккумуляцию липидов в сосудах с атеросклерозом</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Influence of Disorders of Fatty Acid Metabolism, Arterial Wall Hypoxia, and Intraplaque Hemorrhages on Lipid Accumulation in Atherosclerotic Vessels</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8836-8990</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Осипенко</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Osipenko</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>заведующий Центральной учебно-исследовательской лабораторией,</p><p>212022, г. Могилёв, ул. Космонавтов, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of the Central Educational and Research Laboratory, </p><p>Kosmonavtov str. 1, Mogilev 212022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alosipenko@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>УО «Могилёвский государственный университет им. А.А. Кулешова»</institution><country>Беларусь</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Mogilev State A. Kuleshov University</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>06</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>70</fpage><lpage>80</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Осипенко А.Н., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Осипенко А.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Osipenko A.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/2731">https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/2731</self-uri><abstract><p>В обзоре описан ряд конкурирующих взглядов на основные причины аккумуляции холестерина в атеросклеротических сосудах. С одной стороны, нерегулируемое поступлении холестерина в артериальную интиму, прежде всего, связывается с возрастанием доли атерогенных липопротеинов в липопротеиновом спектре крови. С другой – ведущая роль в этом процессе отводится повышенной проницаемости активированного эндотелия для атерогенных липопротеинов. Возросшая способность у соединительной ткани артериальной интимы связывать атерогенные липопротеины крови также рассматривается в качестве ведущей причины отложения холестерина в сосудистой стенке. Помимо этого, ключевое значение в аккумуляции холестерина отводится нерегулируемому (по механизму отрицательной обратной связи) поглощению атерогенных липопротеинов пенистыми клетками. Выдвинуто мнение, что основной причиной обильного накопления холестерина в атеросклеротических сосудах является значительное поступление этого липида в сосудистую стенку при кровоизлияниях vasa vasorum.</p><p>В статье также представлены аргументы, согласно которым расстройство метаболизма жирных кислот в клетках артериальной стенки может инициировать начальное накопление в них нейтральных липидов, способствовать течению воспалительного процесса и негативно отразиться на механических условиях вокруг залегающих в стенках артерий vasa vasorum. Вследствие этого воздействие пульсовых волн на люминальную поверхность артерий приведёт к учащённым кровоизлияниям этих микрососудов. Одновременно адаптивно-мышечная гиперплазия интимы, развивающаяся в зонах артериального русла, подвергающихся высоким гемодинамическим нагрузкам, вызывает локальную гипоксию в сосудистой стенке. В результате клетки артериальной стенки претерпевают ещё более выраженную липидную трансформацию. Гипоксия также стимулирует васкуляризацию артериальной стенки, что способствует возникновению в ней геморрагий. С кровоизлияниями происходит проникновение в формирующуюся атеросклеротическую бляшку свободного эритроцитарного холестерина, из части которого внутри клеток артерии происходит образование эфиров холестерина. Насыщение этим липидом мембран эритроцитов в условиях гиперхолестеринемии и атерогенной дислипопротеинемии способствует процессу накопления холестерина в артериях. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The review describes a number of competing views on the main causes of cholesterol accumulation in atherosclerotic vessels. On the one hand, unregulated cholesterol influx into arterial intima is primarily related to the increasing proportion of atherogenic lipoproteins in the lipoprotein spectrum of blood. On the other hand, the leading role in this process is assigned to the increased permeability of endothelium for atherogenic lipoproteins. The increased ability of arterial intima connective tissue to bind atherogenic blood lipoproteins is also considered to be the leading cause of cholesterol accumulation in the vascular wall. The key role in cholesterol accumulation is also assigned to unregulated (by a negative feedback mechanism) absorption of atherogenic lipoproteins by foam cells. It is suggested that the main cause of abundant cholesterol accumulation in atherosclerotic vessels is significant inflow of this lipid into the vascular wall during vasa vasorum hemorrhages.</p><p>The article also provides arguments, according to which disorder of fatty acid metabolism in arterial wall cells can initiate accumulation of neutral lipids in them, contribute to the inflammation and negatively affect the mechanical conditions around the vasa vasorum in the arterial walls. As a result, the impact of pulse waves on the luminal surface of the arteries will lead to frequent hemorrhages of these microvessels. At the same time, adaptive-muscular intima hyperplasia, which develops in arterial channel areas subjected to high hemodynamic loads, causes local hypoxia in a vascular wall. As a result, arterial wall cells undergo even more severe lipid transformation. Hypoxia also stimulates vascularization of the arterial wall, which contributes to hemorrhages in it. With hemorrhages, free erythrocyte cholesterol penetrates into the forming atherosclerotic plaque, a part of this cholesterol forms cholesterol esters inside the arterial cells. The saturation of erythrocyte membranes with this lipid in conditions of hypercholesterolemia and atherogenic dyslipoproteinemia contributes to the process of cholesterol accumulation in arteries. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>атеросклероз</kwd><kwd>гипоксия</kwd><kwd>жирные кислоты</kwd><kwd>холестерин</kwd><kwd>эритроциты</kwd><kwd>кровоизлияния</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>atherosclerosis</kwd><kwd>hypoxia</kwd><kwd>fatty acids</kwd><kwd>cholesterol</kwd><kwd>erythrocytes</kwd><kwd>hemorrhage</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зайчик А.Ш., Чурилов Л.П. Основы общей патологии. Часть 2. Основы патохимии. СПб.: ЭЛБИ, 2000.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zaychik ASh, Churilov LP. Fundamentals of general pathology. Part 2. Fundamentals of pathochemistry. St. Petersburg: ELBI; 2000. 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