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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">actabiomedica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Acta Biomedica Scientifica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Acta Biomedica Scientifica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-9420</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9596</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29413/ABS.2021-6.2.3</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">actabiomedica-2725</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>БИОХИМИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>BIOCHEMISTRY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Метаболический синдром: влияние адипокинов на L-аргинин-NO-синтаза-NO сигнальный путь</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Metabolic Syndrome: the Influence of Adipokines on the L-Arginine-NO Synthase-Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецова</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsova</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной эндокринологии и нейрохимии,  </p><p>194223, г. Санкт-Петербург, пр. Тореза, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sc. (Biol), Leading Research Officer at the Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Neurochemistry,</p><p>Toreza av. 44, Saint Petersburg 194223</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">praskovia1231@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН Институт эволюционной физиологии и биохимии им. И.М. Сеченова Российской академии наук</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>06</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>22</fpage><lpage>40</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кузнецова Л.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кузнецова Л.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kuznetsova L.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/2725">https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/2725</self-uri><abstract><p>Метаболический синдром включает следующие симптомы: ожирение, гиперлипидемия, гипертензия, инсулиновая резистентность и сердечно-сосудистые заболевания. В настоящее время считается, что важным регуляторным механизмом, приводящим к заболеванию, является нарушенная секреция жировой тканью адипокинов. Адипокины – пептидные гормоны, синтезирующиеся жировой тканью и передающие сигнал к мишеням (сосуды, мозг, печень, мышцы). Среди адипокинов, сопряжённых с L-аргинин-NO-синтаза-NO сигнальным каскадом, имеются инсулинчувствительные, антивоспалительные (адипонектин, оментин, адиполин, кемерин, програнулин), а также воспалительные белки (висфатин, васпин, апелин), влияющие на патогенез метаболического синдрома. Однако ещё устанавливается, какие адипокины могут служить вкачестве полезных маркеров этого заболевания. В обзоре проанализированы и систематизированы данные о роли адипокинов в регуляции NO-синтазного сигнального пути при развитии метаболического синдрома. Основные вопросы, поднимаемые в обзоре: как изменяется секреция адипокинов; как регулируется уровень их рецепторов; какие сигнальные пути участвуют в передаче адипокиновых сигналов при сопряжении с L-аргинин-NO-синтаза-NO сигнальным каскадом. С нашей точки зрения, важно подчеркнуть, что адипокины, сопряжённые с L-аргинин-NO-синтаза-NO сигнальным каскадом, являются инсулинчувствительными и участвуют в регуляции действия инсулина. Следует отметить, что вышеприведённые адипокины преимущественно регулируют экспрессию и активность эндотелиальной NO-синтазы. Так, адипонектин, адиполин, оментин, активируя 5-АМФ протеинкиназу или протеинкиназуВ, увеличивают активность эндотелиальной NO-синтазы и синтез оксида азота испособствуют улучшению действия инсулина, а воспалительные, такие как васпин, висфатин, апелин, ингибируют активность эNO-синтазы, что вызывает снижение синтеза NO и подавление его биодоступности при метаболическом синдроме, что, как правило, приводит к рассопряжению, эндотелиальной дисфункции и увеличению инсулиновой резистентности. Следует отметить, что на эндотелиальную NO-синтазу оказывается влияние на многих уровнях, включая экспрессию мРНК NO-синтазы и её белка и посттрансляционные модификации, в частности фосфорилирование эNO-синтазы по серину 1177 с участием 5-АМФ протеинкиназы, а также необходимо поддерживать концентрацию L-аргинина, уровень кофакторов реакции и степень димеризации фермента. В результате анализа в качестве маркеров метаболического синдрома можно предложить адипонектин, кемерин и оментин. Следует отметить, чтоучастие адипонектина, оментина и кемерина в регуляции L-аргинин-NO-синтаза-NO-каскада при заболевании метаболическим синдромом открывает определённые возможности при разработке новых подходов для коррекции нарушений, наблюдаемых при этом заболевании. В обзоре проанализированы результаты исследований при поиске в базах данных PubMed за период 2001–2020 гг. с использованием ключевых слов и названий адипокинов; более половины ссылок – работы последних 5 лет. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Metabolic syndrome includes the following symptoms: obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this review is to elucidate the role of adipokines in the regulation of the L-arginine-NO-synthas-NO signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome. The main questions raised in the review are: how adipokine secretion changes, how the level of their receptors is regulated, and which signaling pathways are involved in the transmission of adipokine signals when coupled to the L-arginine-NO-synthase-NO signaling cascade. Adipokines are peptide hormones that transmit a signal from adipose tissue to targets in the brain, blood vessels, liver, pancreas, muscles, and other tissues. Some adipokines have anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitive effects: adiponectin, omentin, adipolin, chemerin, progranulin. Others have the negative inflammatory effect in the development ofmetabolic syndrome: visfatin, vaspin, apelin. Adipokines primarily regulate the expression and activity of endothelial NO-synthase. They either activate an enzyme involving 5-AMP protein kinase or Akt kinase, increasing its activity and synthesis of NO in the tissues of healthy patients: adiponectin, adipolin, omentin, or inhibit the activity of eNOS, which leads to a decrease in NO-synthase and suppression of mRNA bioavailability: vaspin, visfatin, apelin in metabolic syndrome, and a decrease in its activity leads to dissociation and endothelial dysfunction. It should be noted that the bioavailability of NO formed by NO-synthase is affected at many levels, including: the expression ofNO-synthase mRNA and its protein; the concentration of L-arginine; the level of cofactors of the reaction; and to detect the maximum activity of endothelial NO-synthase, dimerization of the enzyme is required, posttranslational modifications are important, in particular, phosphorylation of endothelial NO-synthase by serine 1177 with the participation of 5-AMP protein kinase, Akt kinase and other kinases. It should be noted that the participation of adiponectin, omentin, and kemerin in the regulation of the L-arginine-NO-synthase-NO cascade in metabolic syndrom opens up certain opportunities for the development of new approaches for the correction of disorders observed in this disease. The review analyzes the results of research searching in PubMed databases, starting from 2001 and up to 2020 using keywords and adipokine names, more than half of the references of the last 5 years. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>метаболический синдром</kwd><kwd>адипокины</kwd><kwd>адипонектин</kwd><kwd>оментин</kwd><kwd>кемерин</kwd><kwd>эндотелиальная NO-синтаза</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>metabolic syndrome</kwd><kwd>adipokines</kwd><kwd>adiponectin</kwd><kwd>omentin</kwd><kwd>chemerin</kwd><kwd>NO-synthases</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках Госзадания № ААА-А18-118012290427-7.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reaven GM. The metabolic syndrome: Time to get off the merry-go-round? 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