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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">actabiomedica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Acta Biomedica Scientifica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Acta Biomedica Scientifica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-9420</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9596</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29413/ABS.2021-6.2.2</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">actabiomedica-2724</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>БИОЛОГИЯ И МЕДИЦИНСКАЯ БИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>BIOLOGY AND MEDICAL BIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Синдром обструктивного апноэ сна и особенности нейрофизиологического паттерна сна</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome and Features of the Neurophysiological Sleep Pattern</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6931-3879</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ухинов</surname><given-names>Э. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ukhinov</surname><given-names>E. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник лаборатории сомнологии и нейрофизиологии, </p><p>664003, г. Иркутск, ул. Тимирязева, 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Research Officer at the Laboratory of Somnology and Neurophysiology,</p><p>Timiryazeva str. 16, Irkutsk 664003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">erdic@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3423-7260</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мадаева</surname><given-names>И. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Madaeva</surname><given-names>I. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, главный научный сотрудник лаборатории сомнологии и нейрофизиологии, руководитель Сомнологического центра, </p><p>664003, г. Иркутск, ул. Тимирязева, 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sc. (Med.), Chief Research Officer at the Laboratory of Somnology and Neurophysiology, Head of Somnology Centre, </p><p>Timiryazeva str. 16, Irkutsk 664003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nightchild@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0930-6543</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бердина</surname><given-names>О. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Berdina</surname><given-names>O. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории сомнологии и нейрофизиологии, </p><p>664003, г. Иркутск, ул. Тимирязева, 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sc. (Med), Senior Research Officer at the Laboratory of Somnology and Neurophysiology, </p><p>Timiryazeva str. 16, Irkutsk 664003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">goodnight_84@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3354-2992</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колесникова</surname><given-names>Л. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolesnikova</surname><given-names>L. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, академик РАН, научный руководитель, </p><p>664003, г. Иркутск, ул. Тимирязева, 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sc. (Med.), Professor, Academician of the RAS, Scientific Advisor, </p><p>Timiryazeva str. 16, Irkutsk 664003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">iphr@sbamsr.irk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБГНУ «Научный центр проблем здоровья семьи и репродукции человека»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific Сentre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>06</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>16</fpage><lpage>21</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ухинов Э.Б., Мадаева И.М., Бердина О.Н., Колесникова Л.И., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ухинов Э.Б., Мадаева И.М., Бердина О.Н., Колесникова Л.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ukhinov E.B., Madaeva I.M., Berdina O.N., Kolesnikova L.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/2724">https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/2724</self-uri><abstract><p>Высокая распространённость синдрома обструктивного апноэ сна (СОАС) обуславливает неуклонный интерес к данной патологии. В последние годы одной из актуальных проблем в современной сомнологии является оценка основных механизмов нейрональной дисфункции в дневное и ночное время при СОАС, представления о которой в значительной степени остаются противоречивыми и до конца не выясненными. Одним из современных методов оценки нейрональной дисфункции во время сна является исследование микроструктуры сна, и для её оценки используется метод анализа циклического альтернирующего паттерна (ЦАП) – ЭЭГ-маркера нестабильного сна. Циклический альтернирующий паттерн обнаруживается во сне как взрослых, так и детей при различных нарушениях сна и, в частности, при СОАС, поэтому представляет собой чувствительный инструмент для исследования нарушений сна на протяжении всей жизни. По мере устранения ночной гипоксии на фоне СИПАП-терапии восстанавливается микроструктура сна, изменяются спектральные характеристики ЭЭГ, а уменьшение количества эраузалов после лечения приводит к восстановлению дневного функционирования. Понимание роли кратковременных ЭЭГ-активаций головного мозга в процессе сна может представить значимые данные о функциях сна в норме и при патологии. Несмотря на улучшающуюся диагностику нарушений сна с помощью машинных алгоритмов, оценки взаимосвязи структур и функций головного мозга во сне, данные нейрофизиологических исследований остаются не вполне ясными, что требует продолжения исследований. В данном обзоре мы попытались проанализировать результаты основных исследований нейрофизиологического паттерна сна при СОАС.  </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The high prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) causes a steady interest in this pathology. In recent years, one of the urgent problems in modern somnology is the assessment of the main mechanisms of neuronal dysfunction during the day and at night in OSA, the ideas about which, to a large extent, remain contradictory and not fully understood. One of the modern methods for assessing neuronal dysfunction during sleep is the study of the sleep microstructure, and for its assessment, the method of analysis of cyclic alternating pattern (CAP), an EEG marker of unstable sleep, is used. The cyclic alternating pattern is found both in the sleep of adults and children with various sleep disorders and, in particular, with OSAS, therefore, it is a sensitive tool for studying sleep disorders throughout life. With the elimination of night hypoxia against the background of CPAP therapy, the sleep microstructure is restored, the spectral characteristics of the EEG change, and a decrease in the number of EEG arousals after treatment leads to the restoration of daytime functioning. Understanding the role of short-term EEG activations of the brain during sleep can provide significant data on sleep functions in health and disease. Despite the improving diagnosis of sleep disorders using machine algorithms, assessing the relationship of structures and functions of the brain during sleep, neurophysiological data are not entirely clear, which requires further research. In this review, we tried to analyze the results of the main studies of the neurophysiological sleep pattern in OSA against the background of respiratory support during sleep. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>синдром апноэ сна</kwd><kwd>микроструктура сна</kwd><kwd>циклические альтернации</kwd><kwd>СИПАП-терапия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>sleep apnea syndrome</kwd><kwd>sleep microstructure</kwd><kwd>cyclic alternations</kwd><kwd>CPAP therapy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Peppard PE, Young T, Barnet JH, Palta M, Hagen EW, Hla KM. 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