<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">actabiomedica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Acta Biomedica Scientifica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Acta Biomedica Scientifica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-9420</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9596</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29413/ABS.2020-5.6.6</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">actabiomedica-2495</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ВНУТРЕННИЕ БОЛЕЗНИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INTERNAL DISEASES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Современное представление о кишечной микробиоте у пациентов с сахарным диабетом</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modern Understanding of the Gut Microbiotа in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2546-6320</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чугунова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chugunova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант</p><p>664003, г. Иркутск, ул. Тимирязева, 16, Россия </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate</p><p>Timiryazeva str. 16, Irkutsk 664003, Russian Federation </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">e.v_chugunova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3255-2013</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Даренская</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Darenskaya</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории патофизиологии</p><p>664003, г. Иркутск, ул. Тимирязева, 16, Россия </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Timiryazeva str. 16, Irkutsk 664003, Russian Federation </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научный центр проблем здоровья семьи и репродукции человека»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>01</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>5</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>51</fpage><lpage>57</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Чугунова Е.В., Даренская М.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Чугунова Е.В., Даренская М.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chugunova E.V., Darenskaya M.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/2495">https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/2495</self-uri><abstract/><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"/><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сахарный диабет</kwd><kwd>микробиота кишечника</kwd><kwd>штамм</kwd><kwd>воспаление</kwd><kwd>жировая ткань</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>diabetes mellitus</kwd><kwd>gut microbiota</kwd><kwd>strain</kwd><kwd>inflammation</kwd><kwd>adipose tissue</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дедов И.И., Шестакова М.В., Майоров А.Ю. (ред.). алгоритмы специализированной медицинской помощи больным сахарным диабетом. 9-й выпуск. М.; 2019. doi: 10.14341/DM221S1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dedov II, Shestakova MV, Mayorov AYu. Algorithms of specialized medical care for patients with diabetes mellitus. 9th edition. Moscow; 2019. doi: 10.14341/DM221S1. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shemyakina NA, Namokonov EV, Darenskaya MA, Kolesnikov SI, Kolesnikova LI. Advanced glycation end products and glutathione status in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and macroangiopathy of the lower limbs. Free Radic Biol Med. 2018; 120(S1): S60-S61. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.04.200</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shemyakina NA, Namokonov EV, Darenskaya MA, Kolesnikov SI, Kolesnikova LI. Advanced glycation end products and glutathione status in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and macroangiopathy of the lower limbs. Free Radic Biol Med. 2018; 120(S1): S60-S61. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.04.200</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kolesnikova LI, Darenskaya MA, Grebenkina LA, Gnusina SV, Kolesnikov SI. Oxidative stress in type 1 diabetes mellitus: Ethnic aspects. In: Rizwan Ahmad (ed.). Free Radicals, Antioxidants and Diseases. Rijeka: Intech Open; 2018: 65-72. doi: 10.5772/intechopen.76512</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kolesnikova LI, Darenskaya MA, Grebenkina LA, Gnusina SV, Kolesnikov SI. Oxidative stress in type 1 diabetes mellitus: Ethnic aspects. In: Rizwan Ahmad (ed.). Free Radicals, Antioxidants and Diseases. Rijeka: Intech Open; 2018: 65-72. doi: 10.5772/intechopen.76512</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kolesnikova LI, Darenskaya MA, Semenova NV, Grebenkina LA, Suturina LV, Dolgikh MI, et al. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protection in girls with type 1 diabetes mellitus during reproductive system development. Medicina. 2015; 51(2): 107-111. doi: 10.1016/j.medici.2015.01.009</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kolesnikova LI, Darenskaya MA, Semenova NV, Grebenkina LA, Suturina LV, Dolgikh MI, et al. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protection in girls with type 1 diabetes mellitus during reproductive system development. Medicina. 2015; 51(2): 107-111. doi: 10.1016/j.medici.2015.01.009</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Darenskaya MA, Kolesnikov SI, Rychkova LV, Grebenkina LA, Kolesnikova LI. Oxidative stress and antioxidant defense parameters in different diseases: Ethnic aspects. Free Radic Biol Med. 2018; 120(S1): S60. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.04.199</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Darenskaya MA, Kolesnikov SI, Rychkova LV, Grebenkina LA, Kolesnikova LI. Oxidative stress and antioxidant defense parameters in different diseases: Ethnic aspects. Free Radic Biol Med. 2018; 120(S1): S60. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.04.199</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kolesnikova LI, Kolesnikov SI, Darenskaya MA, Grebenkina LA, Semenova NV, Osipova EV, et al. Lipid status and predisposing genes in patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 from various ethnic groups. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. 2015; 160: 278-280. doi: 10.1007/s10517-015-3149-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kolesnikova LI, Kolesnikov SI, Darenskaya MA, Grebenkina LA, Semenova NV, Osipova EV, et al. Lipid status and predisposing genes in patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 from various ethnic groups. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. 2015; 160: 278-280. doi: 10.1007/s10517-015-3149-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дедов И.И., Колесникова Л.И., Бардымова Т.П., Прокофьев С.А., Иванова О.Н., Гнусина С.В. Этнические особенности сахарного диабета у народов Прибайкалья. Бюллетень СО РАМН. 2008; 28(1): 16-20.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dedov II, Kolesnikova LI, Bardymova TP, Prokofiev SA, Ivanova ON, Gnusina SV. Ethnic features of diabetes mellitus in the peoples of the Baikal region. Bulletin of the Siberian branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. 2008; 28(1): 16-20. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boulangé CL, Neves AL, Chilloux J, Nicholson JK, Dumas ME. Impact of the gut microbiota on inflammation, obesity, and metabolic disease. Genome Med. 2016; 8(1): 42. doi: 10.1186/s13073-016-0303-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boulangé CL, Neves AL, Chilloux J, Nicholson JK, Dumas ME. Impact of the gut microbiota on inflammation, obesity, and metabolic disease. Genome Med. 2016; 8(1): 42. doi: 10.1186/s13073-016-0303-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Galland L. The gut microbiome and the brain. J Med Food. 2014; 17(12): 1261-1272. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2014.7000</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galland L. The gut microbiome and the brain. J Med Food. 2014; 17(12): 1261-1272. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2014.7000</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дзгоева Ф.Х., Егшатян Л.В. Кишечная микробиота и сахарный диабет типа 2. Эндокринология: новости, мнения, обучение. 2018; 7(3): 55-63. doi: 10.24411/2304-9529-2018-13005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dzgoeva FKh, Yegshatyan LV. Intestinal microbiota and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Endocrinology: news, opinions, training. 2018; 7(3): 55-63. doi: 10.24411/2304-9529-2018-13005. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Siezen RJ, Kleerebezem M. The human gut microbiome: Are we our enterotypes? Microb Biotechnol. 2011; 4(5): 550-553. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-7915.2011.00290.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Siezen RJ, Kleerebezem M. The human gut microbiome: Are we our enterotypes? Microb Biotechnol. 2011; 4(5): 550-553. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-7915.2011.00290.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Giongo A, Gano KA, Crabb DB, Mukherjee N, Novelo LL, Casella G, et al. Toward defining the autoimmune microbiome for type 1 diabetes. ISME J. 2011; 5(1): 82-91. doi: 10.1038/ismej.2010.92</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Giongo A, Gano KA, Crabb DB, Mukherjee N, Novelo LL, Casella G, et al. Toward defining the autoimmune microbiome for type 1 diabetes. ISME J. 2011; 5(1): 82-91. doi: 10.1038/ismej.2010.92</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De Goffau MC, Fuentes S, van den Bogert B, Honkanen H, de Vos WM, Welling GW, et al. Aberrant gut microbiota composition at the onset of type 1 diabetes in young children. Diabetologia. 2014; 57(8): 1569-1577. doi: 10.1007/s00125-014-3274-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">De Goffau MC, Fuentes S, van den Bogert B, Honkanen H, de Vos WM, Welling GW, et al. Aberrant gut microbiota composition at the onset of type 1 diabetes in young children. Diabetologia. 2014; 57(8): 1569-1577. doi: 10.1007/s00125-014-3274-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">de Goffau MC, Luopajarvi K, Knip M, Ilonen J, Ruohtula T, Harkonen T, et al. Fecal microbiota composition differs between children with beta-cell autoimmunity and those without. Diabetes. 2013; 62(4): 1238-1244. doi: 10.2337/db12-0526</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">de Goffau MC, Luopajarvi K, Knip M, Ilonen J, Ruohtula T, Harkonen T, et al. Fecal microbiota composition differs between children with beta-cell autoimmunity and those without. Diabetes. 2013; 62(4): 1238-1244. doi: 10.2337/db12-0526</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ye Z, Zhang N, Wu C, Zhang X, Wang Q, Huang X, et al. A metagenomic study of the gut microbiome in Behcet›s disease. Microbiome. 2018; 6(1): 135. doi: 10.1186/s40168-018-0520-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ye Z, Zhang N, Wu C, Zhang X, Wang Q, Huang X, et al. A metagenomic study of the gut microbiome in Behcet›s disease. Microbiome. 2018; 6(1): 135. doi: 10.1186/s40168-018-0520-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zimmerman MA, Singh N, Martin PM, Thangaraju M, Ganapathy V, Waller JL, et al. Butyrate suppresses colonic inflammation through HDAC1-dependent Fas upregulation and Fasmediated apoptosis of T cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2012; 302(12): G1405-G1415. doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.00543.2011</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zimmerman MA, Singh N, Martin PM, Thangaraju M, Ganapathy V, Waller JL, et al. Butyrate suppresses colonic inflammation through HDAC1-dependent Fas upregulation and Fasmediated apoptosis of T cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2012; 302(12): G1405-G1415. doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.00543.2011</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gülden E, Wong FS, Wen L. The gut microbiota and type 1 diabetes. Clin Immunol. 2015; 159(2): 143-153. doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2015.05.013</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gülden E, Wong FS, Wen L. The gut microbiota and type 1 diabetes. Clin Immunol. 2015; 159(2): 143-153. doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2015.05.013</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee AS, Gibson DL, Zhang Y, Sham HP, Vallance BA, Dutz JP. Gut barrier disruption by an enteric bacterial pathogen accelerates insulitis in NOD mice. Diabetologia. 2010; 53(4): 741-748. doi: 10.1007/s00125-009-1626-y</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee AS, Gibson DL, Zhang Y, Sham HP, Vallance BA, Dutz JP. Gut barrier disruption by an enteric bacterial pathogen accelerates insulitis in NOD mice. Diabetologia. 2010; 53(4): 741-748. doi: 10.1007/s00125-009-1626-y</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wen L, Ley RE, Volchkov PY, Stranges PB, Avanesyan L, Stonebraker AC, et al. Innate immunity and intestinal microbiota in the development of type 1 diabetes. Nature. 2008; 455(7216): 1109-1113. doi: 10.1038/nature07336</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wen L, Ley RE, Volchkov PY, Stranges PB, Avanesyan L, Stonebraker AC, et al. Innate immunity and intestinal microbiota in the development of type 1 diabetes. Nature. 2008; 455(7216): 1109-1113. doi: 10.1038/nature07336</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mc Ardle MA, Finucane OM, Connaughton RM, McMorrow AM, Roche HM. Mechanisms of obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance: insights into the emerging role of nutritional strategies. Front Endocrinol. 2013; 4: 52. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2013.00052</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mc Ardle MA, Finucane OM, Connaughton RM, McMorrow AM, Roche HM. Mechanisms of obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance: insights into the emerging role of nutritional strategies. Front Endocrinol. 2013; 4: 52. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2013.00052</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Round JL, Mazmanian SK. The gut microbiota shapes intestinal immune responses during health and disease. Nat Rev Immunol. 2009; 9(5): 313-323. doi: 10.1038/nri2515</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Round JL, Mazmanian SK. The gut microbiota shapes intestinal immune responses during health and disease. Nat Rev Immunol. 2009; 9(5): 313-323. doi: 10.1038/nri2515</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ejtahed HS, Mohtadi-Nia J, Homayouni-Rad A, Niafar M, Asghari-Jafarabadi M, Mofid V. Probiotic yogurt improves antioxidant status in type 2 diabetic patients. Nutrition. 2012; 28(5): 539-543. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2011.08.013</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ejtahed HS, Mohtadi-Nia J, Homayouni-Rad A, Niafar M, Asghari-Jafarabadi M, Mofid V. Probiotic yogurt improves antioxidant status in type 2 diabetic patients. Nutrition. 2012; 28(5): 539-543. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2011.08.013</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ooi LG, Liong MT. Cholesterol-lowering effects of probiotics and prebiotics: A review of in vivo and in vitro findings. Int J Mol Sci. 2010; 11(6): 2499-2522. doi: 10.3390/ijms11062499</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ooi LG, Liong MT. Cholesterol-lowering effects of probiotics and prebiotics: A review of in vivo and in vitro findings. Int J Mol Sci. 2010; 11(6): 2499-2522. doi: 10.3390/ijms11062499</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cho NH, Shaw JE, Karuranga S, Huang Y, da Rocha Fernandes JD, Ohlrogge AW, et al. IDF diabetes atlas: global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2017 and projections for 2045. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2018; 138: 271-281. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2018.02.023</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cho NH, Shaw JE, Karuranga S, Huang Y, da Rocha Fernandes JD, Ohlrogge AW, et al. IDF diabetes atlas: global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2017 and projections for 2045. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2018; 138: 271-281. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2018.02.023</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дедов И.И., Колесникова Л.И., Бардымова Т.П., Прокофьев С.А., Иванова О.Н. Клинические, генетические и метаболические особенности сахарного диабета у больных бурятской популяции. Сахарный диабет. 2006; (3): 2-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dedov II, Kolesnikova LI, Bardymova TP, Prokofiev SA, Ivanova ON. Clinical, genetic and metabolic features of diabetes mellitus in patients of the Buryat population. Diabetes Mellitus. 2006; (3): 2-5. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ussar S, Fujisaka S, Kahn CR. Interactions between host genetics and gut microbiome in diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Mol Metab. 2016; 5(9): 795-803. doi: 10.1016/j.molmet.2016.07.004</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ussar S, Fujisaka S, Kahn CR. Interactions between host genetics and gut microbiome in diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Mol Metab. 2016; 5(9): 795-803. doi: 10.1016/j.molmet.2016.07.004</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Belkova NL, Nemchenko UM, Pogodina AV, Romanitsa AI, Novikova EA, Rychkova LV, et al. Composition and structure of gut microbiome in adolescents with obesity and different breastfeeding duration. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. 2019; 167(6): 759-762. doi: 10.1007/s10517-019-04617-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belkova NL, Nemchenko UM, Pogodina AV, Romanitsa AI, Novikova EA, Rychkova LV, et al. Composition and structure of gut microbiome in adolescents with obesity and different breastfeeding duration. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. 2019; 167(6): 759-762. doi: 10.1007/s10517-019-04617-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cotillard A, Kennedy SP, Kong LC, Prifti E, Pons N, Le Chatelier E, et al. Dietary intervention impact on gut microbial gene richness. Nature. 2013; 500: 585-588. doi: 10.1038/nature12480</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cotillard A, Kennedy SP, Kong LC, Prifti E, Pons N, Le Chatelier E, et al. Dietary intervention impact on gut microbial gene richness. Nature. 2013; 500: 585-588. doi: 10.1038/nature12480</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Le Chatelier E, Nielsen T, Qin J, Prifti E, Hildebrand F, Falony G, et al. Richness of human gut microbiome correlates with metabolic markers. Nature. 2013; 500(7464): 541-546. doi: 10.1038/nature12506</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Le Chatelier E, Nielsen T, Qin J, Prifti E, Hildebrand F, Falony G, et al. Richness of human gut microbiome correlates with metabolic markers. Nature. 2013; 500(7464): 541-546. doi: 10.1038/nature12506</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Karlsson F, Tremaroli V, Nielsen J, Bäckhed F. Assessing the human gut microbiota in metabolic diseases. Diabetes. 2013; 62(10): 3341-3349. doi: 10.2337/db13-0844</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karlsson F, Tremaroli V, Nielsen J, Bäckhed F. Assessing the human gut microbiota in metabolic diseases. Diabetes. 2013; 62(10): 3341-3349. doi: 10.2337/db13-0844</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Allin KH, Tremaroli V, Caesar R, Jensen BAH, Damgaard MTF, Bahl MI, et al. Aberrant intestinal microbiota in individuals with prediabetes. Diabetologia. 2018; 61(4): 810-820. doi: 10.1007/s00125-018-4550-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Allin KH, Tremaroli V, Caesar R, Jensen BAH, Damgaard MTF, Bahl MI, et al. Aberrant intestinal microbiota in individuals with prediabetes. Diabetologia. 2018; 61(4): 810-820. doi: 10.1007/s00125-018-4550-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Faerch K, Torekov SS, Vistisen D, Johansen NB, Witte DR, Jonsson A, et al. GLP-1 response to oral glucose is reduced in prediabetes, screen-detected type 2 diabetes, and obesity and influenced by sex: The ADDITION-PRO study. Diabetes. 2015; 64: 2513-2525. doi: 10.2337/db14-1751</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Faerch K, Torekov SS, Vistisen D, Johansen NB, Witte DR, Jonsson A, et al. GLP-1 response to oral glucose is reduced in prediabetes, screen-detected type 2 diabetes, and obesity and influenced by sex: The ADDITION-PRO study. Diabetes. 2015; 64: 2513-2525. doi: 10.2337/db14-1751</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pichette J, Fynn-Sackey N, Gagnon J. Hydrogen sulfide</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pichette J, Fynn-Sackey N, Gagnon J. Hydrogen sulfide and sulfate prebiotic stimulates the secretion of GLP-1 and improves glycemia in male mice. Endocrinology. 2017; 158(10): 3416-3425. doi: 10.1210/en.2017-00391</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">and sulfate prebiotic stimulates the secretion of GLP-1 and improves glycemia in male mice. Endocrinology. 2017; 158(10): 3416-3425. doi: 10.1210/en.2017-00391</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang G, Li X, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W. Lactobacillus casei CCFM419 attenuates type 2 diabetes via a gut microbiota dependent mechanism. Food Funct. 2017; 8(9): 3155-3164. doi: 10.1039/C7FO00593H</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang G, Li X, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W. Lactobacillus casei CCFM419 attenuates type 2 diabetes via a gut microbiota dependent mechanism. Food Funct. 2017; 8(9): 3155-3164. doi: 10.1039/C7FO00593H</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Macfarlane GT, Macfarlane S. Bacteria, colonic fermentation, and gastrointestinal health. J AOAC Int. 2012; 95(1): 50-60. doi: 10.5740/jaoacint.sge_macfarlane</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Macfarlane GT, Macfarlane S. Bacteria, colonic fermentation, and gastrointestinal health. J AOAC Int. 2012; 95(1): 50-60. doi: 10.5740/jaoacint.sge_macfarlane</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Puddu A, Sanguineti R, Montecucco F, Viviani GL. Evidence for the gut microbiota short-chain fatty acids as key pathophysiological molecules improving diabetes. Mediators Inflamm. 2014; 2014: 162021. doi: 10.1155/2014/162021</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Puddu A, Sanguineti R, Montecucco F, Viviani GL. Evidence for the gut microbiota short-chain fatty acids as key pathophysiological molecules improving diabetes. Mediators Inflamm. 2014; 2014: 162021. doi: 10.1155/2014/162021</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang S, Li Q, Zang Y, Zhao Y, Liu N, Wang Y, et al. Apple polysaccharide inhibits microbial dysbiosis and chronic inflammation and modulates gut permeability in HFD-fed rats. Int J Biol Macromol. 2017; 99: 282-292. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.02.074</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang S, Li Q, Zang Y, Zhao Y, Liu N, Wang Y, et al. Apple polysaccharide inhibits microbial dysbiosis and chronic inflammation and modulates gut permeability in HFD-fed rats. Int J Biol Macromol. 2017; 99: 282-292. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.02.074</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhao L, Zhang F, Ding X, Wu G, Lam YY, Wang X, et al. Gut bacteria selectively promoted by dietary fibers alleviate type 2 diabetes. Science. 2018; 359(6380): 1151-1156. doi: 10.1126/science.aao5774</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhao L, Zhang F, Ding X, Wu G, Lam YY, Wang X, et al. Gut bacteria selectively promoted by dietary fibers alleviate type 2 diabetes. Science. 2018; 359(6380): 1151-1156. doi: 10.1126/science.aao5774</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">van der Beek CM, Canfora EE, Kip AM, Gorissen SHM, OldeDamink SWM, van Eijk HM, et al. The prebiotic inulin improves substrate metabolism and promotes short-chain fatty acid production in overweight to obese men. Metabolism. 2018: 87: 25-35. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.06.009</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">van der Beek CM, Canfora EE, Kip AM, Gorissen SHM, OldeDamink SWM, van Eijk HM, et al. The prebiotic inulin improves substrate metabolism and promotes short-chain fatty acid production in overweight to obese men. Metabolism. 2018: 87: 25-35. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.06.009</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Torres S, Fabersani E, Marquez A, Gauffin-Cano P. Adipose tissue inflammation and metabolic syndrome. The proactive role of probiotics. Eur J Nutr. 2019; 58(1): 27-43. doi: 10.1007/s00394-018-1790-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Torres S, Fabersani E, Marquez A, Gauffin-Cano P. Adipose tissue inflammation and metabolic syndrome. The proactive role of probiotics. Eur J Nutr. 2019; 58(1): 27-43. doi: 10.1007/s00394-018-1790-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gérard C, Brown KA. Obesity and breast cancer – Role of estrogens and the molecular underpinnings of aromatase regulation in breast adipose tissue. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2018; 466: 15-30. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.09.014</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gérard C, Brown KA. Obesity and breast cancer – Role of estrogens and the molecular underpinnings of aromatase regulation in breast adipose tissue. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2018; 466: 15-30. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.09.014</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee YS, Park MS, Choung JS, Kim SS, Oh HH, Choi CS, et al. Glucagon-like peptide-1 inhibits adipose tissue macrophage infiltration and inflammation in an obese mouse model of diabetes. Diabetologia. 2012; 55(9): 2456-2468. doi: 10.1007/s00125-012-2592-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee YS, Park MS, Choung JS, Kim SS, Oh HH, Choi CS, et al. Glucagon-like peptide-1 inhibits adipose tissue macrophage infiltration and inflammation in an obese mouse model of diabetes. Diabetologia. 2012; 55(9): 2456-2468. doi: 10.1007/s00125-012-2592-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Balakumar M, Prabhu D, Sathishkumar C, Prabu P, Rokana N, Kumar R, et al. Improvement in glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity by probiotic strains of Indian gut origin in high-fat diet-fed C57BL/6J mice. Eur J Nutr. 2018; 57(1): 279-295. doi: 10.1007/s00394-016-1317-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Balakumar M, Prabhu D, Sathishkumar C, Prabu P, Rokana N, Kumar R, et al. Improvement in glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity by probiotic strains of Indian gut origin in high-fat diet-fed C57BL/6J mice. Eur J Nutr. 2018; 57(1): 279-295. doi: 10.1007/s00394-016-1317-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen LH, Chen YH, Cheng KС, Chien TY, Chan CH, Tsao SP, et al. Antiobesity effect of Lactobacillus reuteri 263 associated with energy metabolism remodeling of white adipose tissue in highenergy-diet-fed rats. J Nutr Biochem. 2018; 54: 87-94. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.11.004</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen LH, Chen YH, Cheng KС, Chien TY, Chan CH, Tsao SP, et al. Antiobesity effect of Lactobacillus reuteri 263 associated with energy metabolism remodeling of white adipose tissue in highenergy-diet-fed rats. J Nutr Biochem. 2018; 54: 87-94. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.11.004</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu J, Li Y, Yang P, Wan J, Chang Q, Wang TTY, et al. Gypenosides reduced the risk of overweight and insulin resistance in C57BL/6J mice through modulating adipose thermogenesis and gut microbiota. J Agric Food Chem. 2017; 65(42): 9237-9246. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03382</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu J, Li Y, Yang P, Wan J, Chang Q, Wang TTY, et al. Gypenosides reduced the risk of overweight and insulin resistance in C57BL/6J mice through modulating adipose thermogenesis and gut microbiota. J Agric Food Chem. 2017; 65(42): 9237-9246. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03382</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vargas-Castillo A, Fuentes-Romero R, Rodriguez-Lopez LA, Torres N, Tovar AR. Understanding the biology of thermogenic fat: Is browning a new approach to the treatment of obesity? Arch Med Res. 2017; 48(5): 401-413. doi: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2017.10.002</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vargas-Castillo A, Fuentes-Romero R, Rodriguez-Lopez LA, Torres N, Tovar AR. Understanding the biology of thermogenic fat: Is browning a new approach to the treatment of obesity? Arch Med Res. 2017; 48(5): 401-413. doi: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2017.10.002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Trayhurn P. Recruiting brown adipose tissue in human obesity. Diabetes. 2016; 65(5): 1158-1160. doi: 10.2337/dbi16-0002</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Trayhurn P. Recruiting brown adipose tissue in human obesity. Diabetes. 2016; 65(5): 1158-1160. doi: 10.2337/dbi16-0002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Trayhurn P. Brown adipose tissue – a therapeutic target in obesity? Front Physiol. 2018; 9: 1672. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01672</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Trayhurn P. Brown adipose tissue – a therapeutic target in obesity? Front Physiol. 2018; 9: 1672. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01672</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Choksi YA, Reddy VK, Singh K, Barrett CW, Short SP, Parang B, et al. BVES is required for maintenance of colonic epithelial integrity in experimental colitis by modifying intestinal permeability. Mucosal Immunology. 2018; 11(5): 1363-1374. doi: 10.1038/s41385-018-0043-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Choksi YA, Reddy VK, Singh K, Barrett CW, Short SP, Parang B, et al. BVES is required for maintenance of colonic epithelial integrity in experimental colitis by modifying intestinal permeability. Mucosal Immunology. 2018; 11(5): 1363-1374. doi: 10.1038/s41385-018-0043-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gérard C, Vidal H. Impact of gut microbiota on host glycemic control. Front Endocrinol. 2019; 10: 29. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00029</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gérard C, Vidal H. Impact of gut microbiota on host glycemic control. Front Endocrinol. 2019; 10: 29. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00029</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brunkwall L, Orho-Melander M. The gut microbiome as a target for prevention and treatment of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes: From current human evidence to future possibilities. Diabetologia. 2017; 60(6): 943-951. doi: 10.1007/s00125-017-4278-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brunkwall L, Orho-Melander M. The gut microbiome as a target for prevention and treatment of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes: From current human evidence to future possibilities. Diabetologia. 2017; 60(6): 943-951. doi: 10.1007/s00125-017-4278-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mahboobi S, Rahimi F, Jafarnejad S. Effects of prebiotic and synbiotic supplementation on glycaemia and lipid profile in type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Adv Pharm Bull. 2018; 8(4): 565-574. doi: 10.15171/apb.2018.065</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mahboobi S, Rahimi F, Jafarnejad S. Effects of prebiotic and synbiotic supplementation on glycaemia and lipid profile in type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Adv Pharm Bull. 2018; 8(4): 565-574. doi: 10.15171/apb.2018.065</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mahboobi S, Iraj B, Maghsoudi Z, Feizi A, Ghiasvand R, Askari G, et al. The effects of probiotic supplementation on markers of blood lipids, and blood pressure in patients with prediabetes: a randomized clinical trial. Int J Prev Med. 2014; 5(10): 1239-1246.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mahboobi S, Iraj B, Maghsoudi Z, Feizi A, Ghiasvand R, Askari G, et al. The effects of probiotic supplementation on markers of blood lipids, and blood pressure in patients with prediabetes: a randomized clinical trial. Int J Prev Med. 2014; 5(10): 1239-1246.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bonder MJ, Kurilshikov A, Tigchelaar EF, Mujagic Z, Imhann F, Vila AV, et al. The effect of host genetics on the gut microbiome. Nat Gen. 2016; 48(11): 1407-1412. doi: 10.1038/ng.3663</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bonder MJ, Kurilshikov A, Tigchelaar EF, Mujagic Z, Imhann F, Vila AV, et al. The effect of host genetics on the gut microbiome. Nat Gen. 2016; 48(11): 1407-1412. doi: 10.1038/ng.3663</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Petersen LM, Bautista EJ, Nguyen H, Hanson BM, Chen L, Lek SH, et al. Community characteristics of the gut microbiomes of competitive cyclists. Microbiome. 2017; 5: 98. doi: 10.1186/s40168-017-0320-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Petersen LM, Bautista EJ, Nguyen H, Hanson BM, Chen L, Lek SH, et al. Community characteristics of the gut microbiomes of competitive cyclists. Microbiome. 2017; 5: 98. doi: 10.1186/s40168-017-0320-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Petersen LM, Bautista EJ, Nguyen H, Hanson BM, Chen L, Lek SH, et al. Community characteristics of the gut microbiomes of competitive cyclists. Microbiome. 2017; 5: 98. doi: 10.1186/s40168-017-0320-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
