<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">actabiomedica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Acta Biomedica Scientifica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Acta Biomedica Scientifica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-9420</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9596</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29413/ABS.2020-5.1.3</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">actabiomedica-2235</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ВНУТРЕННИЕ БОЛЕЗНИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INTERNAL DISEASES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ожирение и нарушения циркадных ритмов сна и бодрствования: точки соприкосновения и перспективы терапии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Obesity and Circadian Cycle of Sleep and Wakefulness: Common Points and Prospects of Therapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0930-6543</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бердина</surname><given-names>О. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Berdina</surname><given-names>O. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бердина Ольга Николаевна – кандидат медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории педиатрии и нейрофизиологии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga N. Berdina – Cand. Sc. (Med.), Leading Research Officer at the Laboratory of Pediatrics and Neurophysiology</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">goodnight_84@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3423-7260</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мадаева</surname><given-names>И. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Madaeva</surname><given-names>I. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мадаева Ирина Михайловна – доктор медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории патофизиологии, руководитель Сомнологического центра</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina M. Madaeva – Dr. Sc. (Med.), Leading Research Officer at the Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Head of the Somnological Centre</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nightchild@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5292-0907</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рычкова</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rychkova</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рычкова Любовь Владимировна – член-корреспондент РАН, директор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lyubov V. Rychkova – Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Director</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">iphr@sbamsr.irk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научный центр проблем здоровья семьи и репродукции человека»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>03</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>5</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>21</fpage><lpage>30</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бердина О.Н., Мадаева И.М., Рычкова Л.В., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бердина О.Н., Мадаева И.М., Рычкова Л.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Berdina O.N., Madaeva I.M., Rychkova L.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/2235">https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/2235</self-uri><abstract><p>Несмотря на то, что ожирение считается результатом дисбаланса между потреблением и расходом энергии, попытки изменения паттерна питания и повышение двигательной активности не дали значимых результатов в борьбе с этим заболеванием. Ожирение остаётся ведущей причиной формирования ряда серьёзных заболеваний, таких как сердечно-сосудистые, сахарный диабет, рак и другие, и смерти от них. Следует отметить рост количества научных изысканий, направленных на выявление новых ассоциаций и раскрытие патофизиологических механизмов, лежащих в основе чрезмерного увеличения веса. В последние годы повысилась осведомлённость о роли сна, эндогенной системы циркадных ритмов и её основного регулятора – мелатонина в развитии и прогрессировании ожирения. Целью настоящей статьи явилось изучение важных аспектов и обоснование значимости проблемы нарушений циркадных ритмов, а именно цикла «сон – бодрствование», в современном обществе и их взаимосвязи с ожирением у взрослых и педиатрических пациентов, а также детализация патогенетически обоснованных терапевтических принципов в качестве перспективных способов коррекции ожирения и профилактики сопутствующих заболеваний. В работе были использованы литературные данные зарубежных и отечественных авторов за период с 2002 по 2019 годы, проведён их систематический анализ. Несмотря на значительное количество исследований, посвящённых проблеме ожирения, анализу его причин и последствий, а также поиску альтернативных методов терапии, остаётся открытым и дискутабельным вопрос о роли нарушений сна и хронодеструкции в развитии данной патологии, как во взрослой, так и в педиатрической практике. В связи с этим дальнейшие углублённые исследования, сосредоточенные на понимании сложных ассоциаций между ожирением, системой циркадных ритмов и развитием кардиометаболических осложнений, являются перспективными и крайне необходимыми для разработки научно-обоснованных принципов ранней профилактики и своевременной коррекции подобных нарушений.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The prevalence of obesity in recent years has assumed the character of a non-communicable epidemic. Wherein, the standard approaches for its treatment are not always successful. Meanwhile, obesity remains one of the main causes of the formation of a number of some serious diseases, such as cardiovascular, diabetes, cancer, etc. and death from them. In search of alternative and more adequate methods of obesity treatment and preventing its complications, recent studies are aimed at further identifying new associations and revealing the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying excessive weight gain. It should be noted an increasing amount of chronobiological studies that raised awareness of the key role of the body’s circadian rhythms and its main regulator, melatonin, responsible for the temporary organization of the main physiological (including metabolism) processes throughout the 24-h day, in the development and progression of obesity. This review is devoted to the consideration of mutually directed interactions between the circadian system and metabolism; attempts have been made to explain the role of sleep-wake cycle disruptions in the excess accumulation of adipose tissue and the formation of obesity and its comorbidities, as well as detailed therapeutic principles based on normalizing disruption of body clocks using time-coordinated approaches to food intake, physical activity, the effects of non-drug methods and pharmacological substances (chronobiotics), which represents a novel and promising ways to prevent or treat obesity and associated diseases.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ожирение</kwd><kwd>циркадные ритмы</kwd><kwd>мелатонин</kwd><kwd>нарушения цикла «сон – бодрствование»</kwd><kwd>хрономедицина</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>obesity</kwd><kwd>circadian rhythms</kwd><kwd>melatonin</kwd><kwd>sleep-wake cycle disruptions</kwd><kwd>chronomedicine</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">WHO. Obesity and Overweight. Режим доступа: https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-andoverweight.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">WHO. Obesity and Overweight. URL: https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang Y, Beydoun MA, Liang L, Benjamin C, Kumanyika SK. Americans become overweight or obese? Estimating the progression and cost of the US obesity epidemic. Obesity. 2008; 16(10): 2323-2330. doi: 10.1038/oby.2008.351</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang Y, Beydoun MA, Liang L, Benjamin C, Kumanyika SK. Americans become overweight or obese? Estimating the progression and cost of the US obesity epidemic. Obesity. 2008; 16(10): 2323-2330. doi: 10.1038/oby.2008.351</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Колесникова Л.И., Долгих В.В., Дзятковская Е.Н., Поляков В.М. Особенности психосоматического статуса у детей дошкольного и школьного возраста. Бюллетень Сибирского отделения Российской академии медицинских наук. 2003; 23(2): 17-23.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kolesnikova  LI, Dolgikh VV, Dzyatkovskaya  EN, Polyakov VM. Features of psychosomatic status in children of preschool and school age. The Siberian Scientific Medical Journal. 2003; 23(2): 17-23. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Джумагазиев А.А., Безрукова Д.А., Богданьянц М.В., Орлов Ф.В., Райский Д.В., Акмаева Л.М., и др. Проблема ожирения у детей в современном мире: реалии и возможные пути решения. Вопросы современной педиатрии. 2016; 15(3): 250-256. doi: 10.15690/vsp.v15i3.1561</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dzhumagaziev  AA, Bezrukova  DA, Bogdanyants  MV, Orlov FV, Paradise DV, Akmaeva LM, et al. The problem of obesity in children in the modern world: realities and possible solutions. Voprosy sovremennoj pediatrii. 2016; 15(3): 250-256. doi: 10.15690/vsp.v15i3.1561 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дедов И.И., Мельниченко Г.А., Бутрова С.А. Жировая ткань как эндокринный орган. Ожирение и метаболизм. 2006; 3(1): 6-13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dedov  II, Melnichenko  GA, Butrova  SA. Adipose tissue as an endocrine organ. Ozhirenie i metabolizm. 2006; 3(1): 6-13. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Степанова Е.В., Лоранская И.Д., Ракитская Л.Г., Мамедова Л.Д. Ожирение как универсальный фактор риска серьезных заболеваний. Эффективная фармакотерапия. 2019; 15(18): 68-77. doi: 10.33978/2307-3586-2019-15-18-68-77</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stepanova  EV, Loranskaya  ID, Rakitskaya  LG, Mamedova LD. Obesity as the omni-factor for serious diseases. Effektivnaya farmakoterapiya. 2019; 15(18): 68-77. doi: 10.33978/2307-3586- 2019-15-18-68-77 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reiter RJ, Tan D-X, Korkmaz A, Ma S. Obesity and metabolic syndrome: Association with chronodisruption, sleep deprivation, and melatonin suppression. Ann Med, 2012; 44(6): 564-577. doi: 10.3109/07853890.2011.586365</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reiter RJ, Tan D-X, Korkmaz A, Ma S. Obesity and metabolic syndrome: Association with chronodisruption, sleep deprivation, and melatonin suppression. Ann Med. 2012; 44(6): 564-577. doi: 10.3109/07853890.2011.586365</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Полуэктов М.Г. Нарушения сна в молодом возрасте: инсомнии и расстройства дыхания во сне. Лечащий Врач. 2011; (5): 10-15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Poluektov MG. Sleep disorders at a young age: insomnia and respiratory distress in a dream. Lechashhij Vrach. 2011; (5): 10-15. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Silva Torres GE, Goodwin JL, Parthasarathy S, Sherrill DL, Vana KD, Drescher AA, et al. Longitudinal association between short sleep, body weight, and emotional and learning problems in hispanic and caucasian children. Sleep. 2011: 34(9), 1197-1205. doi: 10.5665/SLEEP.1238</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Silva Torres GE, Goodwin JL, Parthasarathy S, Sherrill DL, Vana  KD, Drescher  AA, et  al. Longitudinal association between short sleep, body weight, and emotional and learning problems in Hispanic and Caucasian children. Sleep. 2011: 34(9): 1197-1205. doi: 10.5665/SLEEP.1238</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arendt J. Melatonin and Human Rhythms. Chronobiol Int. 2006; 23(1-2): 21-37. doi: 10.1080/07420520500464361</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arendt J. Melatonin and human rhythms. Chronobiol Int. 2006; 23(1-2): 21-37. doi: 10.1080/07420520500464361</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сaverzasio S, Amato N, Manconi M, Caverzasio S, Amato N, Manconi M, et al. Brain plasticity and sleep: Implication for movement disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2017; 86: 21-35. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.12.009</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Сaverzasio S, Amato N, Manconi M, Caverzasio S, Amato N, Manconi M, et al. Brain plasticity and sleep: Implication for movement disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2017; 86: 21-35. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.12.009</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Harder L, Oster H. Circadian rhythms - how do they influence our lives? Dtsch med Wochenschr. 2019; 144(15): 1014-1017. doi: 10.1055/a-0662-1950</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Harder L, Oster H. Circadian rhythms – how do they influence our lives? Dtsch med Wochenschr. 2019; 144(15): 1014-1017. doi: 10.1055/a-0662-1950</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Комаров Ф.И., Рапопорт С.И., Бреус Т.К., Чибисов С.М. Десинхронизация биологических ритмов как отклик на воздействие факторов внешней среды. Клиническая медицина. 2017; 95(6): 502-512. doi: 10.18821/0023-2149-2017-95-6-502-512</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Komarov FI, Rapoport SI, Breus TK, Chibisov SM. Desynchronization of biological rhythms as a response to the influence of environmental factors. Clinical Medicine. Russian Journal. 2017; 95 (6): 502-512. doi: 10.18821/0023-2149-2017-95-6-502-512 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Touitou Y, Reinberg A, Touitou D. Association between light at night, melatonin secretion, sleep deprivation, and the internal clock: Health impacts and mechanisms of circadian disruption. Life Sci. 2017; 173; 94-106. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.02.008</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Touitou Y, Reinberg A, Touitou D. Association between light at night, melatonin secretion, sleep deprivation, and the internal clock: Health impacts and mechanisms of circadian disruption. Life Sci. 2017; 173; 94-106. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.02.008</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Claustrat B, Leston J. Melatonin: Physiological effects in humans. Neurochirurgie. 2015; 61(2-3): 77-84. doi: 10.1016/j.neuchi.2015.03.002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Claustrat  B, Leston  J. Melatonin: Physiological effects in humans. Neurochirurgie. 2015; 61(2-3): 77-84. doi: 10.1016/j.neuchi.2015.03.002</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nelson RJ, Chbeir S. Dark matters: effects of light at night on metabolism. Proc Nutr Soc. 2018; 77(3): 223-229. doi: 10.1017/S0029665118000198</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nelson RJ, Chbeir S. Dark matters: effects of light at night on metabolism. Proc Nutr Soc. 2018; 77(3): 223-229. doi: 10.1017/ S0029665118000198</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang F, Yeung KL, Chan WC, Kwok CCH, Leung SL, Wu C, et al. A meta-analysis on dose-response relationship between night shift work and the risk of breast cancer. Ann Oncol. 2013; 24(11): 2724-2732. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdt283</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang F, Yeung KL, Chan WC, Kwok CCH, Leung SL, Wu C, et al. A meta-analysis on dose-response relationship between night shift work and the risk of breast cancer. Ann Oncol. 2013; 24(11): 2724-2732. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdt283</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пудиков И.В. Нарушения ритма «сон – бодрствование» при трансмеридианных перелетах (синдром смены часовых поясов) и их коррекция. Эффективная фармакотерапия. Неврология. Спецвыпуск «Сон и его расстройства – 6». 2018; 35: 46-54.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pudikov IV. Sleep-wake rhythm disturbances during transmeridian flights (time zone change syndrome) and their correction. Effektivnaya farmakoterapiya. Nevrologiya. Specvypusk «Son i ego rasstrojstva – 6». 2018; 35: 46-54. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Колесникова Л.И., Мадаева И.М., Семёнова Н.В., Сутурина Л.В., Бердина О.Н., Шолохов Л.Ф., и др. Патогенетическая роль мелатонина при нарушениях сна у женщин климактерического периода. Бюллетень экспериментальной биологии и медицины. 2013; 156(7): 117-119.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kolesnikova LI, Madaeva IM, Semenova NV. Suturina LV, Berdina ON, Sholohov LF, et al. Pathogenetic role of melatonin in sleep disorders in climacteric women. Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine. 2013; 156(7): 117-119. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hagenauer MH, Lee TM. The neuroendocrine control of the circadian system: Adolescent chronotype. Front Neuroendocrinol. 2012; 33: 211-229. doi: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2012.04.003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hagenauer MH, Lee TM. The neuroendocrine control of the circadian system: Adolescent chronotype. Front Neuroendocrinol. 2012; 33: 211-229. doi: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2012.04.003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Keyes KM, Maslowsky J, Hamilton A, Schulenberg J. The great sleep recession: changes in sleep duration among US adolescents 1991-2012. Pediatrics. 2015; 135(3): 460-468. doi: 10.1542/ peds.2014-2707</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Keyes KM, Maslowsky J, Hamilton A, Schulenberg J. The great sleep recession: changes in sleep duration among US adolescents 1991-2012. Pediatrics. 2015; 135(3): 460-468. doi: 10.1542/ peds.2014-2707</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shan Z, Ma H, Xie M, Yan P, Guo Ya, Bao W, et al. Sleep duration and risk of type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Diabetes Care. 2015; 38(3): 529-537. doi: 10.2337/dc14-2073</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shan Z, Ma H, Xie M, Yan P, Guo Ya, Bao W, et al. Sleep duration and risk of type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Diabetes Care. 2015; 38(3): 529-537. doi: 10.2337/dc14-2073</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ford ES, Li C, Wheaton AG. Sleep duration and body mass index and waist circumference among U.S. adults. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2014: 22(2): 598-607. doi: 10.1002/oby.20558</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ford ES, Li C, Wheaton AG. Sleep duration and body mass index and waist circumference among U.S. adults. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2014: 22(2): 598-607. doi: 10.1002/oby.20558</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hayes JF, Balantekin KN, Altman M, Wilfley DE, Taylor CB, Williams J. Sleep Patterns and Quality Are Associated with Severity of Obesity and Weight-Related Behaviors in Adolescents with Overweight and Obesity. Child Obes. 2018; 14(1): 11-17. doi: 10.1089/chi.2017.0148</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hayes JF, Balantekin KN, Altman M, Wilfley DE, Taylor CB, Williams J. Sleep patterns and quality are associated with severity of obesity and weight-related behaviors in adolescents with overweight and obesity. Child Obes. 2018; 14(1): 11-17. doi: 10.1089/chi.2017.0148</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tasali E, Leproult R, Ehrmann DA, Van Cauter E. Slow wave sleep and the risk of type 2 diabetes in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2008; 105(3): 1044-1049. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0706446105</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tasali E, Leproult R, Ehrmann DA, Van Cauter E. Slow wave sleep and the risk of type 2 diabetes in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2008; 105(3): 1044-1049. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0706446105</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shaw ND, McHill AW, Schiavon M, Kangarloo T, Mankowski PV, Cobelli C, et al. Effect of Slow-Wave Sleep Disruption on Metabolic Parameters in Adolescents. Sleep. 2016; 39(8): 1591- 1599. doi: 10.5665/sleep.6028</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shaw ND, McHill AW, Schiavon M, Kangarloo T, Mankowski  PV, Cobelli  C, et  al. Effect of Slow-Wave Sleep Disruption on Metabolic Parameters in Adolescents. Sleep. 2016; 39(8): 1591- 1599. doi: 10.5665/sleep.6028</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eckel RH, Depner CM, Perreault L, Markwald RR, Smith MR, McHill AW, et al. Morning Circadian Misalignment during Short Sleep Duration Impacts Insulin Sensitivity. Curr Biol 2015; 25(22): 3004-3010. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2015.10.011</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eckel RH, Depner CM, Perreault L, Markwald RR, Smith MR, McHill  AW, et  al. Morning circadian misalignment during short sleep duration impacts insulin sensitivity. Curr Biol. 2015; 25(22): 3004-3010. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2015.10.011</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Colles SL, Dixon JB, O’Brien PE. Night eating syndrome and nocturnal snacking: association with obesity, binge eating and psychological distress. Int J Obes (Lond). 2007; 31: 1722-1730. doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803664</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Colles SL, Dixon JB, O’Brien PE. Night eating syndrome and nocturnal snacking: association with obesity, binge eating and psychological distress. Int J Obes (Lond). 2007; 31: 1722-1730. doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803664</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Salgado-Delgado RC, Angeles-Castellanos M, Saderi N, Buijs RM, Escobaret C. Food intake during the normal activity phase prevents obesity and circadian desynchrony in a rat model of night work. Endocrinology. 2010; 151: 1019-1029. doi: 10.1210/en.2009-0864</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Salgado-Delgado RC, Angeles-Castellanos M, Saderi N, Buijs  RM, Escobaret  C. Food intake during the normal activity phase prevents obesity and circadian desynchrony in a rat model of night work. Endocrinology. 2010; 151: 1019-1029. doi: 10.1210/en.2009-0864</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nikitenko LL, Smith DM, Hague S, Wilson CR, Bicknell R, Rees MCP. Adrenomedullin and the microvasculature. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences. 2002; 23(3): 101-103. doi: 10.1016/S0165-6147(00)01983-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nikitenko LL, Smith DM, Hague S, Wilson CR, Bicknell R, Rees  MCP. Adrenomedullin and the microvasculature. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences. 2002; 23(3): 101-103. doi: 10.1016/ S0165-6147(00)01983-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wozniak SE, Gee LL, Wachtel MS, Frezza EE. Adipose tissue: the new endocrine organ? A review article. Dig Dis Sci. 2009; 94: 1847-1856. doi: 10.1007/s10620-008-0585-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wozniak SE, Gee LL, Wachtel MS, Frezza EE. Adipose tissue: the new endocrine organ? A review article. Dig Dis Sci. 2009; 94: 1847-1856. doi: 10.1007/s10620-008-0585-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zac-Varghese S, Tan T, Bloom SR. Hormonal interactions between gut and brain. Discov Med. 2010; 10: 543-552.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zac-Varghese S, Tan T, Bloom SR. Hormonal interactions between gut and brain. Discov Med. 2010; 10: 543-552.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Колесникова Л.И., Петрова В.А., Корнакова Н.В., Лабыгина А.В., Сутурина Л.В. Пероксидация липидов и система антиоксидантной защиты у женщин с эндокринными факторами бесплодия. Журнал акушерства и женских болезней. 2008; 57(1): 52-56.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kolesnikova LI, Petrova VA, Kornakova NV, Labygina AV, Suturina LV. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense system in women with endocrine infertility factors. Journal of obstetrics and women’s diseases. 2008; 57(1): 52-56. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kolesnikova LI, Madaeva IM, Semenova NV, Vlasov BYa, Grebenkina LA, Darenskaya MA, et al. Antioxidant potential of the blood in men with obstructive sleep breathing disorders. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2013; 154(6): 731-733. doi: 10.1007/s10517-013-2041-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kolesnikova LI, Madaeva IM, Semenova NV, Vlasov BYa, Grebenkina LA, Darenskaya MA, et al. Antioxidant potential of the blood in men with obstructive sleep breathing disorders. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2013; 154(6): 731-733. doi: 10.1007/s10517-013-2041-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dаrепskауа МА, Rychkova LV, Kolesnikov SI, Gavrilova OA, Kravtsova OV, Grebenkina LA, et al. Oxidative stress parameters in adolescent boys with exogenous-constitutional obesity. Free Radic Biol Med. 2017; 112 (Suppl 1): 129-130. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.10.195</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dаrеnskауа МА, Rychkova LV, Kolesnikov SI, Gavrilova OA, Kravtsova OV, Grebenkina LA, et al. Oxidative stress parameters in adolescent boys with exogenous-constitutional obesity. Free Radic Biol Med. 2017; 112 (Suppl 1): 129-130. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.10.195</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Esser N, Paquot N, Scheen AJ. Inflammatory markers and cardiometabolic diseases. Acta Clin Belg. 2015; 70: 193-199. doi: 10.1179/2295333715Y.0000000004</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Esser N, Paquot N, Scheen AJ. Inflammatory markers and cardiometabolic diseases. Acta Clin Belg. 2015; 70: 193-199. doi: 10.1179/2295333715Y.0000000004</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alonso-Vale MI, Andreotti S, Mukai PY, Borges-Silva CN, Peres SB, Cipolla-Neto J, et al. Melatonin and the circadian entrainment of metabolic and hormonal activities in primary isolated adipocytes. J Pineal Res. 2008; 45(4): 422-429. doi: 10.1111/j.1600- 079X.2008.00610.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alonso-Vale MI, Andreotti S, Mukai PY, Borges-Silva CN, Peres SB, Cipolla-Neto J, et al. Melatonin and the circadian entrainment of metabolic and hormonal activities in primary isolated adipocytes. J Pineal Res. 2008; 45(4): 422-429. doi: 10.1111/j.1600- 079X.2008.00610.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alonso-Vale MI, Peres SB, Vernochet C, Farmer SR, Limaet FB. Adipocyte differentiation is inhibited by melatonin through the regulation of C/EBPbeta transcriptional activity. J Pineal Res. 2009; 47(3): 221-227. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-079X.2009.00705.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alonso-Vale  MI, Peres  SB, Vernochet  C, Farmer  SR, Limaet  FB. Adipocyte differentiation is inhibited by melatonin through the regulation of C/EBPbeta transcriptional activity. J Pineal Res. 2009; 47(3): 221-227. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-079X.2009.00705.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Berdina O, Madaeva I, Sholokhov L, Bolshakova S, Rashidova M, Rychkova L. Evaluation of circadian melatonin secretion in obese adolescents. Arch Dis Child. 2019; 104(3): A7-A8. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2019-epa.17</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berdina O, Madaeva I, Sholokhov L, Bolshakova S, Rashidova M, Rychkova L. Evaluation of circadian melatonin secretion in obese adolescents. Arch Dis Child. 2019; 104(3): A7-A8. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2019-epa.17</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Simon SL, McWhirter L, Behn CD, Bubar KM, Kaar JL, Pyle L, et al. Morning circadian misalignment is associated with insulin resistance in girls with obesity and polycystic ovarian syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019; 104(8): 3525-3534. doi: 10.1210/jc.2018-02385</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Simon SL, McWhirter L, Behn CD, Bubar KM, Kaar JL, Pyle L, et al. Morning circadian misalignment is associated with insulin resistance in girls with obesity and polycystic ovarian syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019; 104(8): 3525-3534. doi: 10.1210/jc.2018-02385</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barnaś M, Maskey-Warzęchowska M, Bielicki P, Kumor M, Chazan R. Diurnal and nocturnal serum melatonin concentrations after treatment with continuous positive airway pressure in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Pol Arch Intern Med. 2017; 127(9): 589-596. doi: 10.20452/pamw.4062</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barnaś M, Maskey-Warzęchowska M, Bielicki P, Kumor M, Chazan  R. Diurnal and nocturnal serum melatonin concentrations after treatment with continuous positive airway pressure in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Pol Arch Intern Med. 2017; 127(9): 589-596. doi: 10.20452/pamw.4062</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Garaulet M, Gomez-Abellan P, Alburquerque-Bejar JJ, Lee YC, Ordovas JM, Scheer FA. Timing of food intake predicts weight loss effectiveness. Int J Obes (Lond). 2013; 37: 604-611. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2012.229</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Garaulet  M, Gomez-Abellan  P, Alburquerque-Bejar  JJ, Lee YC, Ordovas  JM, Scheer  FA. Timing of food intake predicts weight loss effectiveness. Int J Obes (Lond). 2013; 37: 604-611. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2012.229</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sofer S, Stark AH, Madar Z. Nutrition targeting by food timing: time-related dietary approaches to combat obesity and metabolic syndrome. Adv Nutr. 2015; 6: 214-223. doi: 10.3945/an.114.007518</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sofer S, Stark AH, Madar Z. Nutrition targeting by food timing: time-related dietary approaches to combat obesity and metabolic syndrome. Adv Nutr. 2015; 6: 214-223. doi: 10.3945/an.114.007518</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Melkani GC, Panda S. Time-restricted feeding for prevention and treatment of cardiometabolic disorders. J Physiol. 2017; 595(12): 3691-3700. doi: 10.1113/JP273094</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Melkani GC, Panda S. Time-restricted feeding for prevention and treatment of cardiometabolic disorders. J Physiol. 2017; 595(12): 3691-3700. doi: 10.1113/JP273094</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Villanueva JE, Livelo C, Trujillo AS, Chandran S, Woodworth B, Andrade L, et al. Time-restricted feeding restores muscle function in Drosophila models of obesity and circadian-rhythm disruption. Nat Commun. 2019; 10(1): 2700. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-10563-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Villanueva  JE, Livelo  C, Trujillo  AS, Chandran  S, Woodworth B, Andrade L, et al. Time-restricted feeding restores muscle function in Drosophila models of obesity and circadian-rhythm disruption. Nat Commun. 2019; 10(1): 2700. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-10563-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mashanskaya А, Rychkova L, Bugun O, Pogodina A, Vlasenko A. Physical training and normobaric hypoxytherapy in the rehabilitation of obese children and adolescents. Arch Dis Child. 2019; 104(3): A119. doi: 10.1136/archdischild2019-epa.278</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mashanskaya  А, Rychkova  L, Bugun  O, Pogodina  A, Vlasenko  A. Physical training and normobaric hypoxytherapy in the rehabilitation of obese children and adolescents. Arch Dis Child. 2019; 104(3): A119. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2019-epa.278</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Van Someren EJ, Riemersma-Van Der Lek RF. Live to the rhythm, slave to the rhythm. Sleep Med Rev. 2007; 11(6): 465-484. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2007.07.003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Van Someren EJ, Riemersma-Van Der Lek RF. Live to the rhythm, slave to the rhythm. Sleep Med Rev. 2007; 11(6): 465-484. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2007.07.003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yamanaka Y, Honma S, Honma K. Daily exposure to a running wheel entrains circadian rhythms in mice in parallel with development of an increase in spontaneous movement prior to running-wheel access. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2013; 305(11): R1367-1375. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00389.2013</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yamanaka Y, Honma  S, Honma  K. Daily exposure to a running wheel entrains circadian rhythms in mice in parallel with development of an increase in spontaneous movement prior to running-wheel access. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2013; 305(11): R1367-1375. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00389.2013</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yamanaka Y, Hashimoto S, Masubuchi S, Natsubori A, Nishide S-Ya, Honma S, et al. Differential regulation of circadian melatonin rhythm and sleep-wake cycle by bright lights and nonphotic time cues in humans. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2014; 307(5): R546-557. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00087.2014</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yamanaka Y, Hashimoto  S, Masubuchi  S, Natsubori  A, Nishide S-Ya, Honma S, et al. Differential regulation of circadian melatonin rhythm and sleep-wake cycle by bright lights and nonphotic time cues in humans. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2014; 307(5): R546-557. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00087.2014</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Van Maanen A, Meijer AM, Smits MG, Heijden KB, Oort FJ. Effects of melatonin and bright light treatment in childhood chronic sleep onset insomnia with late melatonin onset: a randomized controlled study. Sleep. 2017; 40(2). doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsw038</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Van Maanen A, Meijer AM, Smits MG, Heijden KB, Oort FJ. Effects of melatonin and bright light treatment in childhood chronic sleep onset insomnia with late melatonin onset: a randomized controlled study. Sleep. 2017; 40(2). doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsw038</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mitolo M, Tonon C, La Morgia C, Testa C, Carelli V, Lodi R. Effects of light treatment on sleep, cognition, mood, and behavior in Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2018; 46(5-6): 371-384. doi: 10.1159/000494921</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mitolo M, Tonon C, La Morgia C, Testa C, Carelli V, Lodi R. Effects of light treatment on sleep, cognition, mood, and behavior in Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2018; 46(5-6): 371-384. doi: 10.1159/000494921</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mayer JS, Hees K, Medda J, Grimm O, Asherson P, Bellina M, et al. Bright light therapy versus physical exercise to prevent co-morbid depression and obesity in adolescents and young adults with attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2018; 19(1): 140. doi: 10.1186/s13063-017-2426-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mayer JS, Hees K, Medda J, Grimm O, Asherson P, Bellina M, et al. Bright light therapy versus physical exercise to prevent co-morbid depression and obesity in adolescents and young adults with attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2018; 19(1): 140. doi: 10.1186/s13063-017-2426-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dubocovich ML. Melatonin receptors: role on sleep and circadian rhythm regulation. Sleep Med. 2007; 8 (Suppl 3): 34-42. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2007.10.007</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dubocovich ML. Melatonin receptors: role on sleep and circadian rhythm regulation. Sleep Med. 2007; 8 (Suppl 3): 34-42. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2007.10.007</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guardiola-Lemaitre B, De Bodinat C, Delagrange P, Millan MJ, Munoz C, Mocaër E. Agomelatine: mechanism of action and pharmacological profile in relation to antidepressant properties. Br J Pharmacol. 2014; 171(15): 3604-3619. doi: 10.1111/bph.12720</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guardiola-Lemaitre B, De Bodinat C, Delagrange P, Millan MJ, Munoz C, Mocaër E. Agomelatine: mechanism of action and pharmacological profile in relation to antidepressant properties. Br J Pharmacol. 2014; 171(15): 3604-3619. doi: 10.1111/bph.12720</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Johnsa JD, Neville MW. Tasimelteon: a melatonin receptor agonist for non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder. Ann Pharmacother. 2014; 48(12): 1636-1641. doi: 10.1177/1060028014550476</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Johnsa JD, Neville MW. Tasimelteon: a melatonin receptor agonist for non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder. Ann Pharmacother. 2014; 48(12): 1636-1641. doi: 10.1177/1060028014550476</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dubey AK, Handu SS, Mediratta PK. Suvorexant: The first orexin receptor antagonist to treat insomnia. J Pharmacol Pharmacother. 2015; 6(2): 118-121. doi: 10.4103/0976-500X.155496</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dubey  AK, Handu  SS, Mediratta  PK. Suvorexant: The first orexin receptor antagonist to treat insomnia. J Pharmacol Pharmacother. 2015; 6(2): 118-121. doi: 10.4103/0976-500X.155496</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Harmar AJ, Marston HM, Shen S, Spratt C, West KM, Sheward WJ, et al. The VPAC(2) receptor is essential for circadian function in the mouse suprachiasmatic nuclei. Cell. 2002; 109(4): 497-508. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(02)00736-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Harmar  AJ, Marston  HM, Shen  S, Spratt  C, West  KM, Sheward WJ, et al. The VPAC(2) receptor is essential for circadian function in the mouse suprachiasmatic nuclei. Cell. 2002; 109(4): 497-508. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(02)00736-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Favero G, Stacchiotti A, Castrezzati S, Bonomini F, Albanese M, Rezzani R, et al. Melatonin reduces obesity and restores adipokine patterns and metabolism in obese (ob/ob) mice. Nutr Res. 2015; 35(10): 891-900. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2015.07.001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Favero G, Stacchiotti A, Castrezzati S, Bonomini F, Albanese M, Rezzani R, et al. Melatonin reduces obesity and restores adipokine patterns and metabolism in obese (ob/ob) mice. Nutr Res. 2015; 35(10): 891-900. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2015.07.001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tamura H, Nakamura Y, Narimatsu A, Yamagata Y, Takasaki A, Reiter RJ, et al. Melatonin treatment in peri- and postmenopausal women elevates serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels without influencing total cholesterol levels. J Pineal Res. 2008; 45(1): 101-105. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-079X.2008.00561.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tamura H, Nakamura Y, Narimatsu A, Yamagata Y, Takasaki A, Reiter RJ, et al. Melatonin treatment in peri- and postmenopausal women elevates serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels without influencing total cholesterol levels. J Pineal Res. 2008; 45(1): 101-105. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-079X.2008.00561.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Szewczyk-Golec K, Rajewski P, Gackowski M. MilaKierzenkowska C, Wesołowski R, Sutkowy P, et al. Melatonin supplementation lowers oxidative stress and regulates adipokines in obese patients on a calorie-restricted diet. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2017; 2017: 8494107. doi: 10.1155/2017/8494107</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Szewczyk-Golec  K, Rajewski  P, Gackowski  M. MilaKierzenkowska C, Wesołowski R, Sutkowy P, et al. Melatonin supplementation lowers oxidative stress and regulates adipokines in obese patients on a calorie-restricted diet. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2017; 2017: 8494107. doi: 10.1155/2017/8494107</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
