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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">actabiomedica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Acta Biomedica Scientifica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Acta Biomedica Scientifica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-9420</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9596</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29413/ABS.2019-4.6.7</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">actabiomedica-2196</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НЕВРОЛОГИЯ И НЕЙРОХИРУРГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>NEUROLOGY AND NEUROSURGERY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Некоторые аспекты патогенеза и диагностики остеохондроза шейного отдела позвоночника (обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Some Aspects of the Pathogenesis and Diagnosis of Osteochondrosis of the Cervical Spine (Literature Review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1077-7369</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скляренко</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sklyarenko</surname><given-names>C. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Скляренко Оксана Васильевна - кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник научно-клинического отдела нейрохирургии.</p><p>664003, Иркутск, ул. Борцов Революции, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oksana V. Sklyarenko - Cand. Sc. (Med.), Senior Research Officer at the Research Clinical Department of Neurosurgery.</p><p>Bortsov Revolyutsii str. 1, Irkutsk 664003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">oxanasklyarenko@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9008-6383</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сороковиков</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sorokovikov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сороковиков Владимир Алексеевич - доктор медицинских наук, профессор, директор  ИНЦХТ; заведующий кафедрой травматологии, ортопедии и нейрохирургии, ИГМАПО.</p><p>664003, Иркутск, ул. Борцов Революции, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir A. Sorokovikov - Dr. Sc. (Med.), Professor, Director ISC ST, Head ofthe Department ofTraumatology, Orthopedy and Neurosurgery ISMA PE.</p><p>BortsovRevolyutsiistr. 1, Irkutsk 664003; Yubileyniy 100, Irkutsk664049</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4387-5048</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кошкарёва</surname><given-names>З. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Koshkareva</surname><given-names>Z. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кошкарёва Зинаида Васильевна - кандидат медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник научно-клинического отдела нейрохирургии.</p><p>664003, Иркутск, ул. Борцов Революции, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zinaida V. Koshkareva - Cand. Sc. (Med.), Leading Research Officer at the Research Clinical Department of Neurosurgery.</p><p>Bortsov Revolyutsii str. 1, Irkutsk 664003</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Животенко</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhivotenko</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Животенко Александр Петрович - младший научный сотрудник научно-клинического отдела нейрохирургии.</p><p>664003, Иркутск, ул. Борцов Революции, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr P Zhivotenko - Research Officer at the Research Clinical Department of Neurosurgery.</p><p>Bortsov Revolyutsii str. 1, Irkutsk 664003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sivotenko1976@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9189-3323</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дамдинов</surname><given-names>Б. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Damdinov</surname><given-names>B. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дамдинов Баир Батыевич - врач-нейрохирург нейрохирургического отделения.</p><p>664003, Иркутск, ул. Борцов Революции, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bair B. Damdinov - Neurosurgeon of Neurosurgical Unit.</p><p>Bortsov Revolyutsii str. 1, Irkutsk 664003</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ Иркутский научный центр хирургии и травматологии</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Irkutsk Scientific Center for Surgery and Traumatology</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ Иркутский научный центр хирургии и травматологии; Иркутская государственная медицинская академия последипломного образования - филиал ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Irkutsk Scientific Center for Surgery and Traumatology; Irkutsk State Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education - Branch Campus of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>12</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>4</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>47</fpage><lpage>53</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Скляренко О.В., Сороковиков В.А., Кошкарёва З.В., Животенко А.П., Дамдинов Б.Б., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Скляренко О.В., Сороковиков В.А., Кошкарёва З.В., Животенко А.П., Дамдинов Б.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sklyarenko C.V., Sorokovikov V.A., Koshkareva Z.V., Zhivotenko A.P., Damdinov B.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/2196">https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/2196</self-uri><abstract><p>Целью настоящего исследования явилось изучение наиболее важных проблем диагностики социально значимой проблемы - остеохондроза шейного отдела позвоночника. По данным ряда авторов, в структуре нетрудоспособности и инвалидизации, связанной с патологией позвоночника, заболевания шейного отдела позвоночника занимают одну из лидирующих позиций.</p><p>В работе проанализированы данные 41 литературного источника по проблеме патогенеза и диагностики остеохондроза шейного отдела позвоночника. В связи со сложностью и неоднозначностью подходов к вопросу диагностики остеохондроза шейного отдела позвоночника, в настоящей работе приведён анализ наиболее значимых в диагностике данной патологии методов исследования. Акцентируется внимание на основных патогенетических предпосылках возникновения болевого синдрома.</p><p>Основное внимание при диагностике остеохондроза шейного отдела позвоночника, по данным литературы, уделяется базовым методам исследования указанной патологии: клинико-неврологическому осмотру, где степень тяжести нарушений определяется с помощью шкал, включающих не только оценку интенсивности болевого синдрома, но и определение ряда неврологических нарушений. Авторами предлагается использование опросника DN4, шкалы LANSS, шкалы неврологических нарушений NIS; лучевых методов исследования, таких как обзорная спондилография шейного отдела позвоночника в прямой и боковой проекциях, функциональной спондилографии шейного отдела позвоночника в положении максимального сгибания и разгибания, мультиспиральной компьютерной томографии, данным магнитно-резонансной томографии, показателям нейрофизиологических исследований. Лучевые методы исследования позволяют определить патологические изменения в самой костной ткани. Показатели магнитно-резонансной томографии дают возможность оценить степень патологических изменений в мягкотканых анатомических структурах позвоночного канала и межпозвонковых дисков. По данным литературы, большое внимание уделяется функциональным методам исследования, в частности, электронейромиографии, позволяющей оценить уровень и степень повреждения нервного волокна, динамику патологического процесса. Уделяется внимание выделению маркерных показателей. Все методы являются значимыми, доказательными, объективными и современными и не исключают возможности использования данных других методов исследования.</p><p>Анализ представленной литературы ещё раз убеждает клиницистов в неоднозначности и неоднородности подходов к вопросам патогенеза и диагностики шейного отдела позвоночника, что требует дальнейшего совершенствования предлагаемых методов для уточнения и объективизации патологического процесса. Важным и обоснованным является патогенетически обоснованный подход к их изучению.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of this research was to study the most important problems in diagnosing a socially significant problem - osteochondrosis of the cervical spine. According to some authors, in the structure of disability and disability associated with pathology of the spine, diseases of the cervical spine occupy one of the leading positions.</p><p>The paper analyzes data from 41 sources of literature on the pathogenesis and diagnosis of osteochondrosis of the cervical spine. Due to the complexity and ambiguity of the approaches to the diagnosis of osteochondrosis of the cervical spine, this paper analyzes the most important research methods in the diagnosis of this pathology. Attention is focused on the main pathogenetic prerequisites for the occurrence of pain.</p><p>According to literature data, the main attention in the diagnosis of osteochondrosis of the cervical spine is given to the basic methods: clinical and neurological examination, where the severity of the disorders is determined using scales that include not only an assessment of the intensity of the pain syndrome, but also the determination of a number of neurological disorders. The authors propose the use of a DN4 questionnaire, LANSS scales, neurological impairment scales (N1S); radiation research methods, such as survey spondylography of the cervical spine in direct and lateral projections, functional spondylography of the cervical spine in the position of maximum flexion and extension, multispiral computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging data, and neurophysiological studies. Radiation research methods can determine pathological changes in the bone tissue itself. Magnetic resonance imaging indices make it possible to assess the degree of pathological changes in the soft tissue anatomical structures of the spinal canal and intervertebral discs. According to the literature, much attention is paid to functional research methods, in particular, electroneuromyography, which allows to assess the level and degree of damage to nerve fiber, the dynamics of the pathological process. Attention is paid to the allocation of marker indicators. All methods are significant, evidence-based, objective and modern and do not exclude the possibility of using data from other research methods.</p><p>The analysis of the presented literature once again convinces clinicians of the ambiguity and heterogeneity of approaches to the issues of pathogenesis and diagnosis of the cervical spine, which requires further improvement of the proposed methods for clarifying and objectifying the pathological process. An important andjustified is a pathogeneti-cally grounded approach to their study.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>остеохондроз</kwd><kwd>шейный отдел позвоночника</kwd><kwd>клиническая картина</kwd><kwd>ноцицептивная боль</kwd><kwd>нейропатическая боль</kwd><kwd>радикулопатия</kwd><kwd>диагностика</kwd><kwd>лучевые методы исследования</kwd><kwd>электронейромиография</kwd><kwd>магнитно-резонансная томография</kwd><kwd>компьютерная томография</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>osteochondrosis</kwd><kwd>cervical spine</kwd><kwd>clinical picture</kwd><kwd>nociceptive pain</kwd><kwd>neuropathic pain</kwd><kwd>radiculopathy</kwd><kwd>diagnosis</kwd><kwd>radiation methods of research</kwd><kwd>electroneuromyography</kwd><kwd>magnetic resonance imaging</kwd><kwd>computed tomography</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Луцик А.А., Фомичев Н.Г., Зайдман А.М., Бондаренко Г.Ю., Крутько А.В., Окладников Г.И. 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