<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">actabiomedica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Acta Biomedica Scientifica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Acta Biomedica Scientifica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-9420</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9596</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29413/ABS.2019-4.3.18</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">actabiomedica-2096</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЛЕКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LECTURES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Параметрические особенности регионарного мозгового кровотока  при венозном ишемическом инсульте  (лекция)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Parametric Features of Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Venous Ischemic Stroke</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1827-606X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семенов</surname><given-names>С. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Semenov</surname><given-names>S. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Семенов Станислав Евгеньевич – доктор медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории рентгеновской и томографической диагностики</p><p>650002, г. Кемерово, Сосновый б-р, 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Stanislav E. Semenov – Dr. Sc. (Med.), Leading Research Officer of Roentgen and Tomographic Laboratory</p><p>Sosnovy blvd, 6, Kemerovo 6650002</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr_semenov_s@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>07</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>4</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>138</fpage><lpage>147</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Семенов С.Е., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Семенов С.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Semenov S.E.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/2096">https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/2096</self-uri><abstract><p>Лекция посвящена особенностям изменений тканевой и клеточной перфузии мозга при редкой патологии – венозном ишемическом инсульте. Венозный инсульт, являясь «относительно неизвестным цереброва-скулярным  заболеванием»,  встречается  до  5 %  от  всех  случаев  инсульта.  Термины  «венозная  ишемия» и «венозный инсульт» довольно давно используются в литературе и определение венозного характера инсульта должно вести к изменению лечебной тактики. Нейровизуализация должна обеспечить верифика-цию инсульта и тромбоза дуральных венозных синусов и вен мозга, являющихся основной причиной такого инсульта. Определённая «настороженность» в отношении венозного характера инсульта с расширением объёма  лучевых  методов  исследования  и  выполнением  помимо  диффузионной  магнитно-резонансной томографии  (МРТ)  также  ангиографических  и  перфузионных  компьютерно-томографических  (КТ)  и магнитно-резонансных (МР) методик, позволили поднять количество диагностированного и верифици-рованного венозного инсульта с 0,4 % от общего количества пролеченных с инсультом пациентов до 2,4 %. Отличительной особенностью венозного ишемического инсульта от артериального является умеренная гиперемия в центральной части в случаях, когда некроз не развивается, и перифокальная гиперперфузия при развитии некроза. Умеренное полнокровие, определяемое по данным перфузионных параметров (увеличение до 30 % церебрального кровотока (CBF), церебрального объёма крови (CBV), среднего времени транзита контраста (MTT), методик КТ, МРТ и однофотонной эмиссионной компьютерной томографии (ОФЭКТ), а не олигемия является первичным повреждающим фактором патогенеза венозного инсульта в отличие от артериального, и паттерны гиперемии должны быть опорными пунктами в неотложной диагностике венозного инсульта наряду с томоангиографическими симптомами церебрального венозного синустромбоза.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The lecture is devoted to the peculiarities of changes in tissue and cell perfusion of the brain with a rare pathology – venous ischemic stroke. Venous stroke, being a “relatively unknown cerebrovascular disease”, occurs up to 5 % of all cases of stroke. The terms “venous ischemia” and “venous stroke” have long been used in the literature and the definition of the venous nature of stroke should lead to a change in therapeutic tactics. Neuroimaging should ensure the verification of stroke and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, which are the main cause of such a stroke. A certain “alertness” to the venous nature of the stroke with the expansion of the volume of radiologic methods of investigation and the performance of angiographic and perfusion CT and MR techniques, diffusion MRI allowed to increase the number of diagnosed and verified venous strokes from 0.4 % of the total number of stroke patients to 2.4 %. A distinctive feature of venous ischemic stroke from the arterial is moderate hyperemia in the central part in cases where necrosis does not develop and perifocal hyperperfusion in the development of necrosis. Moderate plethora, defined by perfusion parameters (up to 30 % CBF, CBV, MTT) of CT, MRI and SPECT techniques, and not oligemia is the primary damaging factor of the pathogenesis of venous stroke in contrast to the arterial and hyperemia patterns should be the reference points in emergency diagnosis venous stroke along with tomoangiographic symptoms of cerebral venous sinustrombosis.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>венозный инсульт</kwd><kwd>венозная ишемия</kwd><kwd>перфузия</kwd><kwd>компьютерная томография</kwd><kwd>магнит-но-резонансная  томография</kwd><kwd>однофотонная  эмиссионная  компьютерная  томография</kwd><kwd>церебральный  кровоток</kwd><kwd>церебральный объём крови</kwd><kwd>время прохождения контраста</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>venous stroke</kwd><kwd>venous ischemia</kwd><kwd>perfusion</kwd><kwd>CT</kwd><kwd>MRI</kwd><kwd>SPECT</kwd><kwd>CBF</kwd><kwd>CBV</kwd><kwd>MTT</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alvis-Miranda HR, Milena Castellar-Leones S, Alcala-Cerra G, Rafael Moscote-Salazar L. Cerebral sinus venous thrombosis. J Neurosci Rural Pract.2013; 4(4): 427-438. doi: 10.4103/0976-3147.120236</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alvis-Miranda HR, Milena Castellar-Leones S, Alcala-Cerra G, Rafael Moscote-Salazar L. Cerebral sinus venous thrombosis. J Neurosci Rural Pract.2013; 4(4): 427-438. doi: 10.4103/0976-3147.120236</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tarulli A. Neurology. A Clinician’s Approach. Cambridge University Press; 2010.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tarulli A. Neurology. A Clinician’s Approach. Cambridge University Press; 2010.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Makkat S, Stadnik T, Peeters E, Osteaux M. Pathogenesis of venous stroke: evaluation with diffusion- and perfusion-weighted MRI. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis.2003; 12(3): 132-136. doi: 10.1016/S1052-3057(03)00039-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Makkat  S, Stadnik T, Peeters  E, Osteaux  M. Pathogenesis of venous stroke: evaluation with diffusion- and perfusion-weighted MRI. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis.2003; 12(3): 132-136. doi: 10.1016/S1052-3057(03)00039-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saposnik G, Barinagarrementeria F, Brown RD Jr, Bushnell CD, Cucchiara B, Cushman M, et al. Diagnosis and management of cerebral venous thrombosis: A statement for healthcare professionals from the Аmerican heart association/american stroke association. Stroke. 2011; 42: 1158-1192. doi: 10.1161/STR.0b013e31820a8364</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saposnik G, Barinagarrementeria F, Brown RD Jr, Bushnell CD, Cucchiara B, Cushman M, et al. Diagnosis and management of cerebral venous thrombosis: A statement for healthcare professionals from the Аmerican heart association/american stroke association. Stroke. 2011; 42: 1158-1192. doi: 10.1161/STR.0b013e31820a8364</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Semenov S, Moldavskaya I, Shatokhina M, Semenov A, Barbarash L. How to distinguish between venous and arterial strokes and why? Neuroradiol J. 2011; 24(2): 289-299. doi: 10.1177/197140091102400219</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Semenov S, Moldavskaya I, Shatokhina M, Semenov A, Barbarash L. How to distinguish between venous and arterial strokes and why? Neuroradiol J. 2011; 24(2): 289-299. doi: 10.1177/197140091102400219</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wintermark M, Albers GW, Alexandrov AV, Alger JR, Bammer R, Baron JC, et al. Acute stroke imaging research roadmap. Am J Neuroradiol. 2008 29(5): 23-30. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.512319</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wintermark M, Albers GW, Alexandrov AV, Alger JR, Bammer R, Baron JC, et al. Acute stroke imaging research roadmap. Am J Neuroradiol. 2008 29(5): 23-30. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.512319</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Koenig M, Kraus M, Theek C, Klotz E, Gehlen W, Heuser L. Quantitative assessment of the ischemic brain by means of perfusion-related parameters derived from perfusion CT. Stroke. 2001; 32(2): 431-437. doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.32.2.431</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koenig M, Kraus M, Theek C, Klotz E, Gehlen W, Heuser L. Quantitative assessment of the ischemic brain by means of perfusion-related parameters derived from perfusion CT. Stroke. 2001; 32(2): 431-437. doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.32.2.43</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hossmann KA. Viability thresholds and the penumbra of focal ischemia. Ann. Neurol. 1994; 36(4): 557-565. doi.org/10.1002/ana.410360404</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hossmann KA. Viability thresholds and the penumbra of focal ischemia. Ann. Neurol. 1994; 36(4): 557-565. doi.org/10.1002/ana.410360404</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Campbell BC, Christensen S, Levi CR, Desmond PM, Donnan GA, Davis SM, et al. Cerebral blood flow is the optimal CT perfusion parameter for assessing infarct core. Stroke. 2011; 42(12): 3435-3440. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.618355</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Campbell BC, Christensen S, Levi CR, Desmond PM, Donnan  GA, Davis  SM, et  al. Cerebral blood flow is the optimal CT perfusion parameter for assessing infarct core. Stroke. 2011; 42(12): 3435-3440. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.618355</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sorensen AG, Copen WA, Ostergaard L, Buonanno FS, Gonzalez RG, Rordorf G, et al. Hyperacute stroke: simultaneous measurement of relative cerebral blood volume, relative cerebral blood flow, and mean tissue transit time. Radiology. 1999; 210(2): 519-527. doi: 10.1148/radiology.210.2.r99fe06519</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sorensen  AG, Copen WA, Ostergaard L, Buonanno FS, Gonzalez RG, Rordorf G, et al. Hyperacute stroke: simultaneous measurement of relative cerebral blood volume, relative cerebral blood flow, and mean tissue transit time. Radiology. 1999; 210(2): 519-527. doi: 10.1148/radiology.210.2.r99fe06519</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Semenov S, Portnov Yu, Semenov A, Korotkevich A, Kokov A. Neuroimaging patterns of cerebral hyperperfusion. Journal of Physics: IOP Conf. Series.2017; 886: 012014. doi:10.1088/1742-6596/886/1/012014</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Semenov S, Portnov Yu, Semenov A, Korotkevich A, Kokov A. Neuroimaging patterns of cerebral hyperperfusion. Journal of Physics: IOP Conf. Series.2017; 886: 012014. doi:10.1088/1742-6596/886/1/012014</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Doucet C, Roncarolo F, Tampieri D, Del Pilar Cortes M. Paradoxically decreased mean transit time in patients presenting with acute stroke. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2016; 40(3): 409-412. doi: 10.1097/RCT.0000000000000366</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Doucet C, Roncarolo F, Tampieri D, Del Pilar Cortes M. Paradoxically decreased mean transit time in patients presenting with acute stroke. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2016; 40(3): 409-412. doi: 10.1097/RCT.0000000000000366</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fukuda T, Ogasawara K, Kobayashi M, Komoribayashi N, Endo H, Inoue T, et al. Prediction of cerebral hyperperfusion after carotid endarterectomy using cerebral blood volume measured by perfusion-weighted MR imaging compared with single-photon emission CT. Am J Neuroradiol.2007; 28(4): 737-742.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fukuda T, Ogasawara K, Kobayashi M, Komoribayashi N, Endo H, Inoue T, et al. Prediction of cerebral hyperperfusion after carotid endarterectomy using cerebral blood volume measured by perfusion-weighted MR imaging compared with single-photon emission CT. Am J Neuroradiol.2007; 28(4): 737-742.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Семенов С.Е., Коваленко А.В., Хромов А.А., Молдавская И.В., Хромова А.Н., Жучкова Е.А., и др. Критерии диагностики негеморрагического венозного инсульта ме-тодами рентгеновской мультиспиральной компьютерной (МСКТ) и магнитно-резонансной томографии (МРТ). Комплексные проблемы сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. 2012; (1): 43-53. doi.org/10.17802/2306-1278-2012-1-43-53</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Semenov SE, Kovalenko AV, Khromov AA, Moldavskaya IV, Khromova AN, Zhuchkova EA, et al. Non-haemorrhagic venous stroke diagnosis criteria by multisliced computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Kompleksnye problemy serdechno-sosudistykh zabolevaniy. 2012; (1): 43-53. (In Russ.) doi: 10.17802/2306-1278-2012-1-43-53</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chang CH, Chang TY, Chang YJ, Huang KL, Chin SC, Ryu SJ, et al. The role of perfusion computed tomography in the prediction of cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome. PLoS ONE. 2011; 6(5): 19886. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0019886</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chang CH, Chang TY, Chang YJ, Huang KL, Chin SC, Ryu SJ, et al. The role of perfusion computed tomography in the prediction of cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome. PLoS ONE. 2011; 6(5): 19886. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0019886</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Essig M, Shiroishi MS, Nguyen TB, Saake M, Provenzale JM, Enterline D, et al. Perfusion MRI: the five most frequently asked technical questions. AJR Am J Roentgenol.2013; 200(1), 24-34. doi: 10.2214/AJR.12.9543</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Essig M, Shiroishi MS, Nguyen TB, Saake M, Provenzale  JM, Enterline  D, et  al. Perfusion MRI: the five most frequently asked technical questions. AJR Am J Roentgenol.2013; 200(1), 24-34. doi: 10.2214/AJR.12.9543</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">St Lawrence KS, Wang J. Effects of the apparent transverse relaxation time on cerebral blood flow measurements obtained by arterial spin labeling. Magn Reson Med. 2005; 53(2), 425-433. doi: 10.1002/mrm.20364</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">St  Lawrence  KS, Wang  J. Effects of the apparent transverse relaxation time on cerebral blood flow measurements obtained by arterial spin labeling. Magn Reson Med. 2005; 53(2), 425-433. doi: 10.1002/mrm.20364</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sperling B, Lassen NA. Cerebral blood flow by SPECT in ischemic stroke. In: De Deyn PP, Dierckx RA, Alavi A, Pickut BA (eds.). SPECT in neurology and psychiatry. London: John Libbey; 1997; 299-305.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sperling B, Lassen NA. Cerebral blood flow by SPECT in ischemic stroke. In: De Deyn PP, Dierckx RA, Alavi A, Pickut BA (eds.). SPECT in neurology and psychiatry. London: John Libbey; 1997; 299-305.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лишманов Ю.Б., Чернов В.И. (ред.) Национальное руководство по радионуклидной диагностике. Т. 1. Томск: STT; 2010.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lishmanov YuB, Chernov VI. (eds.) National guidelines on radionuclide diagnostics. Vol. 1. Tomsk: STT; 2010. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Трофимова Т.Н., Терновой С.К. (ред.). Лучевая диагностика и терапия заболеваний головы и шеи: национальное руководство.М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа; 2013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Trofimova TN, Ternovoy TN (eds.) Radiation diagnostics and therapy of head and neck diseases: the national guidelines.M.: GEOTAR; 2013. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
