<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">actabiomedica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Acta Biomedica Scientifica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Acta Biomedica Scientifica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-9420</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9596</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29413/ABS.2019-4.2.18</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">actabiomedica-2056</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCHES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Видовое и генетическое разнообразие представителей семейства Anaplasmataceae, выявленное в зоне симпатрии клещей родов Ixodes, Dermacentor, Haemaphysalis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Species and Genetic Diversity of Representatives of the Anaplasmataceae Family Found in the Sympatry Zone of the Ixodes, Dermacentor and Haemaphysalis Genera Ticks</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дорощенко</surname><given-names>Е. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Doroshchenko</surname><given-names>E. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дорощенко Елена Константиновна – кандидат биологических наук, научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной эпидемиологии и генетической диагностики</p><p>664003, г. Иркутск, ул. Тимирязева, 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena K. Doroshchenko – Cand. Sc. (Biol.), Research Officer at the Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Genetic Diagnostics</p><p>ul. Timiryazeva 16, Irkutsk 664003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">doroshchenko-virus@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3909-7551</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лисак</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lisak</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лисак Оксана Васильевна – младший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной эпидемиологии и генетической диагностики</p><p>664003, г. Иркутск, ул. Тимирязева, 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oksana V. Lisak –Junior Research Officer at the Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Genetic Diagnostics</p><p>ul. Timiryazeva 16, Irkutsk 664003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lisak.liza@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рар</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rar</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рар Вера Александровна – кандидат биологических наук, научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной микробиологии</p><p>630090, г. Новосибирск, пр. Академика Лаврентьева, 8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vera A. Rar – Cand. Sc. (Biol.), Research Officer at the Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology</p><p>pr. Academica Lavrentyeva 8, Novosibirsk 630090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rarv@niboch.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4057-2890</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сунцова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Suntsova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сунцова Ольга Владимировна – кандидат биологических наук, научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной эпидемиологии и генетической диагностики</p><p>664003, г. Иркутск, ул. Тимирязева, 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga V. Suntsova – Cand. Sc. (Biol.), Research Officer at the Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Genetic Diagnostics</p><p>ul. Timiryazeva 16, Irkutsk 664003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olga_syntsova@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8183-1233</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савинова</surname><given-names>Ю. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Savinova</surname><given-names>Yu. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Савинова Юлия Сергеевна – младший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной эпидемиологии и генетической диагностики</p><p>664003, г. Иркутск, ул. Тимирязева, 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Julia S. Savinova – Junior Research Officer of the Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Genetic Diagnostics</p><p>ul. Timiryazeva 16, Irkutsk 664003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vippersona2389@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6324-8746</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Козлова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozlova</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Козлова Ирина Валерьевна – доктор медицинских наук, руководитель лаборатории молекулярной эпидемиологии и генетической диагностики</p><p>664003, г. Иркутск, ул. Тимирязева, 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina V. Kozlova – Dr. Sc. (Med.), Head of the Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Genetic Diagnostics</p><p>ul. Timiryazeva 16, Irkutsk 664003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">diwerhoz@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научный центр проблем здоровья семьи и репродукции человека»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН «Институт химической биологии и фундаментальной медицины» СО РАН</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>05</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>4</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>127</fpage><lpage>135</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Дорощенко Е.К., Лисак О.В., Рар В.А., Сунцова О.В., Савинова Ю.С., Козлова И.В., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дорощенко Е.К., Лисак О.В., Рар В.А., Сунцова О.В., Савинова Ю.С., Козлова И.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Doroshchenko E.K., Lisak O.V., Rar V.A., Suntsova O.V., Savinova Y.S., Kozlova I.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/2056">https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/2056</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Обоснование</title><p>Обоснование. На территории Эхирит-Булагатского района Иркутской области выявлены зоны сим-патрии иксодовых клещей четырёх видов. В связи с этим научный интерес представляет исследование видового и генетического разнообразия представителей семейства Anaplasmataceae в зоне симпатрии ареалов иксодовых клещей близкородственных видов в сравнении с очагами с монодоминантным типом населения клещей.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: изучить видовое и генетическое разнообразие представителей семейства Anaplasmataceae в зонах симпатрии иксодовых клещей Ixodes persulcatus, Dermacentor silvarum, D. nuttalli и Haemaphysalis concinna, выявить основных переносчиков и потенциальных резервуарных хозяев эрлихий и анаплазм.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. В ходе исследования было проанализировано 1106 экз. имаго иксодовых клещей и 49 образцов печени мелких млекопитающих. ДНК анаплазм и эрлихий выявляли методом двухраундовой ПЦР в присутствии родо- и видоспецифичных праймеров из области гена 16S рРНК. У части образцов определены нуклеотидные последовательности гена 16S рРНК и фрагмента groESL оперона. Cеквенирование осуществляли по методу Сэнгера. Сравнительный анализ проводили с использованием программы BLASTN и метода ClustalW. Эпидемиологический анализ данных осуществляли с использованием параметрических методов статистической обработки материала.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. ДНК Ehrlichia muris и Anaplasma рhagocytophilum была обнаружена во всех исследованных видах клещей, обитающих в зоне симпатрии их ареалов. Однако процент инфицированности таёжных клещей был достоверно выше, чем клещей H. сoncinna и Dermacentor spp. К потенциальным резервуарным хозяевам представителей семейства Anaplasmataceae могут быть отнесены Microtus oeconomus, M. gregalis, Myodes rutilus и Sorex spp. При анализе нуклеотидных последовательностей гена 16S рРНК выявлено три генетических варианта анаплазм. Нуклеотидные последовательности groESL оперона А. рhagocytophilum принадлежали к двум генетическим группам.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction.On the territory of the Ekhirit-Bulagatsky district of the Irkutsk region zones of sympatry of four Ixodes ticks species are found, where the species and genetic diversity of infectious agents transmitted through tick bites may be more pronounced than in foci with a mono-dominant type of ticks’ population. In this connection, the study of the species and genetic diversity of representatives of the Anaplasmataceae family in the sympatry zone of the Ixodes ticks of closely related species was of scientific interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: To study the species and genetic diversity of members of the Anaplasmataceae family in the zones of sympatry of Ixodes ticks Ixodes persulcatus, Dermacentor silvarum, D. nuttalli and Haemaphysalis concinna, to identify the main carriers and potential reservoir hosts of ehrlichia and anaplasma.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. In the course of the study, 1106 specimens of adult ticks and 49 samples of small mammalian livers from the Ekhirit-Bulagatsky area were analyzed. Anaplasma and ehrlichia DNA were detected by two-round PCR in the presence of genus- and species-specific primers from the 16S rRNA gene region. The nucleotide sequences of the 16S rRNA gene and the fragment of the groESL operon were identified in some samples. Sequencing was carried out according to the Sanger method. Comparative analysis was performed using the BLASTN program and ClustalW method. Epidemiological data analysis was performed using parametric methods of statistical processing of the material.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The DNA of Ehrlichia muris and Anaplasma phagocytophilum were detected in all studied species of ticks in their sympatry area. However, the rate of infection of taiga ticks was significantly higher than that of H. concinna and Dermacentor spp. Potential reservoir hosts of the Anaplasmataceae family members can be classified as Microtus oeconomus, M. gregalis, Myodes rutilus and Sorex spp. When analyzing the nucleotide sequences of the 16S rRNA gene, three genetic variants of anaplasma were detected. The nucleotide sequences of the A. phagocytophilum groESL operon belonged to two genetic groups.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>анаплазмы</kwd><kwd>эрлихии</kwd><kwd>иксодовые клещи</kwd><kwd>резервуарные хозяева</kwd><kwd>полимеразная цепная реакция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>anaplasma</kwd><kwd>Ehrlichia</kwd><kwd>ixodic ticks</kwd><kwd>reservoir hosts</kwd><kwd>polymerase chain reaction</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">грант РФФИ № 16-04-01336_а.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Филиппова Н.А. Симпатрия близкородственных видов иксодовых клещей и её возможная роль в паразитарных системах природных очагов трансмиссивных болезней. Паразитология. 1999; 33(3): 223-241.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Filippova NA. Sympathy of closely related species of ixodic ticks and its possible role in the parasitic systems of natural foci of vector-borne diseases. Parazitologiya. 1999; 33(3): 223-241. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Козлова И.В., Злобин В.И., Верхозина М.М., Рар В.А., Лисак О.В., Дорощенко Е.К., и др. Результаты рекогносцировочных исследований по моноцитарному эрлихиозу и гранулоцитарному анаплазмозу человека в Прибайкалье. Acta biomedica scientifica. 2007; 3(55): 112-116.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kozlova IV, Zlobin VI, Verkhozina MM, Rar VA, Lisak OV, Doroshchenko EK, et al. The results of reconnaissance studies on monocytic ehrlichiosis and human granulocytic anaplasmosis in the Baikal region.Acta biomedica scientifica. 2007; 3(55): 112-116. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Козлова И.В., Верхозина М.М., Дёмина Т.В., Джиоев Ю.П., Дорощенко Е.К., Лисак О.В., и др. Сочетанные очаги трансмиссивных клещевых инфекций на территории Прибайкалья. Эпидемиология и вакцинопрофилактика. 2010; 4(53): 40-46.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kozlova IV, Verkhozina MM, Dyomina TV, Dzhioev YuP, Doroshchenko EK, Lisak OV, et al. Combined foci of transmissible tick-borne infections in the Baikal region. Epidemiologiya i vaktsin­ oprofilaktika. 2010; 4(53): 40-46. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ливанова Н.Н., Рар В.А., Ливанов С.Г., Иголкина Я.П. Разнообразие паразитарных систем с участием мелких млекопитающих и Ixodes persulcatus Shculze на Северном Урале. Сибирский экологический журнал. 2005; (6): 1079-1084.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Livanova NN, Rar VA, Livanov SG, Igolkina YaP. Diversity of parasitic systems involving small mammals and Ixodes persulcatus Schulze in the Northern Urals. Sibirskiy ehkologicheskiy zhurnal. 2005; (6): 1079-1084 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рар В.А., Пуховская Н.М., Высочина Н.П., Зайнулина З.У., Гуляко Л.Ф., Иванов Л.И. Распространение и генетическое разнообразие эрлихий и анаплазм в таежных клещах и мелких млекопитающих на территории Хабаровского края. Acta biomedica scientifica. 2007; 3 (Приложение): 156-159.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rar VA, Pukhovskaya NM, Vysochina NP, Zaynulina ZU, Gulyako LF, Ivanov LI. Distribution and genetic diversity of Ehrlichia and Anaplasma in taiga ticks and small mammals on the territory of the Khabarovsk Territory. Acta biomedica scientifica. 2007; 3 (Supplement): 156-159 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rar VA, Livanova NN, Panov VV, Kozlova IV, Pukhovskaya NM, Vysochina NP, et al. Prevalence of Anaplasmaand Ehrlichia species in Ixodes persulcatus ticks and small mammals from different regions of Asian part of Russia. Int J Med Microbiol. 2008; 298(1): 222-230. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2008.01.001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rar VA, Livanova NN, Panov VV, Kozlova IV, Pukhovskaya NM, Vysochina NP, et al. Prevalence of Anaplasmaand Ehrlichia species in Ixodes persulcatus ticks and small mammals from different regions of Asian part of Russia. Int J Med Microbiol. 2008; 298(1): 222-230. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2008.01.001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rar VA, Fomenko NV, Dobrotvorsky AK, Livanova NN, Rudakova SA, Fedorov EG, et al. Tick-borne pathogen detection, Western Sibiria, Russia. Emerg Infect Dis. 2005; 11: 1708-1715.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rar VA, Fomenko NV, Dobrotvorsky AK, Livanova NN, Rudakova SA, Fedorov EG, et al. Tick-borne pathogen detection, Western Sibiria, Russia. Emerg Infect Dis. 2005; 11: 1708-1715.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rar VA, Epikhina TI, Livanova NN, Panov VV, Doroshchenko EK, Pukhovskaya NM, et al. The study of heterogeneity of 16S rRNA gene and groESL operone in DNA samples of Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Ehrlichia muris, and “Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis” determined in Ixodes persulcatus ticks on the territory of Ural, Siberia and Far East of Russia. Mol Gen Microbiol Virol. 2011; 26(2): 66-73. doi: 10.3103/S0891416811020091</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rar VA, Epikhina TI, Livanova NN, Panov VV, Doroshchenko EK, Pukhovskaya NM, et al. The study of heterogeneity of 16S rRNA gene and groESL operone in DNA samples of Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Ehrlichia muris, and “Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis” determined in Ixodes persulcatus ticks on the territory of Ural, Siberia and Far East of Russia. Mol Gen Microbiol Virol. 2011; 26(2): 66-73. doi: 10.3103/S0891416811020091</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sumner JW, Nicholson WL, Massung RF. PCR amplification and comparison of nucleotide sequences from the groESLheat shock operon of Ehrlichiaspecies. J Clin Microbiol. 1997; 35(8): 2087-2092.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sumner JW, Nicholson WL, Massung RF. PCR amplification and comparison of nucleotide sequences from the groESLheat shock operon of Ehrlichiaspecies. J Clin Microbiol. 1997; 35(8): 2087-2092.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liz JS, Anderes L, Sumner JW, Massung RF, Gern L, Rutti B, et al. PCR detection of granulocytic ehrlichia in Ixodes ricinusticks and wild small mammals in western Switzerland. J Clin Microbiol. 2000; 38(3): 1002-1007.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liz JS, Anderes L, Sumner JW, Massung RF, Gern L, Rutti B, et al. PCR detection of granulocytic ehrlichia in Ixodes ricinusticks and wild small mammals in western Switzerland. J Clin Microbiol. 2000; 38(3): 1002-1007.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Савилов Е.Д., Астафьев В.А., Жданова С.Н., Заруднев Е.А. Эпидемиологический анализ: Методы статистиче ской обработки материала. Новосибирск: Наука-Центр; 2011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Savilov ED, Astafyev VA, Zhdanova SN, Zarudnev EA. Epidemiological analysis: Methods of the statistical processing of materials. Novosibirsk: Nauka-Tsentr; 2011. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rar VA, Livanova NN, Panov VV, Doroshchenko EK, Pukhovskaya NM, Vysochina NP, et al. Genetic diversity of Anaplasma and Ehrlichiain Asian part of Russia. Ticks Tick­Borne Dis.2010; 1(1): 57-65. doi: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2010.01.002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rar VA, Livanova NN, Panov VV, Doroshchenko EK, Pukhovskaya NM, Vysochina NP, et al. Genetic diversity of Anaplasma and Ehrlichiain Asian part of Russia. Ticks Tick­Borne Dis. 2010; 1(1): 57-65. doi: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2010.01.002</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rar VA, Epikhina TI, Livanova NN, Panov VV, Doroschenko EK, Pukhovskaya NM, et al. Genetic variability of Anaplasma phagocytophilumin Ixodes persulcatusticks and small mammals in the Asian part of Russia. Vector­Borne Zoonot Dis.2011; 11(8): 1013-1021. doi: 10.1089/vbz.2010.0266</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rar VA, Epikhina TI, Livanova NN, Panov VV, Doroschenko EK, Pukhovskaya NM, et al. Genetic variability of Anaplasma phagocytophilumin Ixodes persulcatusticks and small mammals in the Asian part of Russia. Vector­Borne Zoonot Dis. 2011; 11(8): 1013-1021. doi: 10.1089/vbz.2010.0266</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kawahara M, Suto C, Rikihisa Y, Yamamoto S, Tsuboi Y. Characterization of ehrlichial organisms isolated from a wild mouse. J Clin Microbiol. 1993; (31): 89-96.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kawahara M, Suto C, Rikihisa Y, Yamamoto S, Tsuboi Y. Characterization of ehrlichial organisms isolated from a wild mouse. J Clin Microbiol. 1993; (31): 89-96.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wen B, Rikihisa Y, Mott J, Fuerst PA, Kawahara M, Suto C. Ehrlichia muris sp. nov., identified on the basis of 16S rRNA base sequences and serological, morphological and biological characteristics. Int J Syst Bacteriol. 1995: (45): 250-254. doi: 10.1099/00207713-45-2-250</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wen B, Rikihisa Y, Mott J, Fuerst PA, Kawahara M, Suto C. Ehrlichia muris sp. nov., identified on the basis of 16S rRNA base sequences and serological, morphological and biological characteristics. Int J Syst Bacteriol. 1995: (45): 250-254. doi: 10.1099/00207713-45-2-250</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kawahara M, Ito T, Suto C, Shibata S, Rikihisa Y, Hata K, et al. Comparison of Ehrlichia murisstrains isolated from wild mice and ticks and serologic evidence of humans and animals with E. murisas antigen. J Clin Microbiol. 1999: 37(4): 1123-1129.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kawahara M, Ito T, Suto C, Shibata S, Rikihisa Y, Hata K, et al. Comparison of Ehrlichia murisstrains isolated from wild mice and ticks and serologic evidence of humans and animals with E. murisas antigen. J Clin Microbiol. 1999: 37(4): 1123-1129.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sumner JW, Storch GA, Buller RS, Liddell AM, Stockham SL, Rikihisa Y, et al. PCR amplification and phylogenetic analysis of groESL operon sequences from Ehrlichia ewingii and Ehrlichia muris. J Clin Microbiol. 2000; 38(7): 2746-2749.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sumner JW, Storch GA, Buller RS, Liddell AM, Stockham SL, Rikihisa Y, et al. PCR amplification and phylogenetic analysis of groESL operon sequences from Ehrlichia ewingii and Ehrlichia muris. J Clin Microbiol. 2000; 38(7): 2746-2749.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Von Loewenich FD, Stumpf G, Baumgarten BU, Rollinghoff M, Dumler JS, Bogdan C. A case of equine granulocytic ehrlichiosis provides molecular evidence for the presence of pathogenic Anaplasma phagocytophilum(HGE agent) in Germany. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2003; 22(5): 303-305. doi: 10.1007/s10096-003-0935-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Von Loewenich FD, Stumpf G, Baumgarten BU, Rollinghoff M, Dumler JS, Bogdan C. A case of equine granulocytic ehrlichiosis provides molecular evidence for the presence of pathogenic Anaplasma phagocytophilum(HGE agent) in Germany. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2003; 22(5): 303-305. doi: 10.1007/s10096-003-0935-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cao WC, Zhan L, He J, Foley J, De Vlas SJ, Wu XM, Yang H, Richardus JH, Habbema JD. Natural Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection of ticks and rodents from a forest area of Jilin Province, China. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2006; 75(4): 664-668.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cao WC, Zhan L, He J, Foley J, De Vlas SJ, Wu XM, Yang H, Richardus JH, Habbema JD. Natural Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection of ticks and rodents from a forest area of Jilin Province, China. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2006; 75(4): 664-668.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cao WC, Zhao QM, Zhang PH, Dumler JS, Zhang XT, Fang LQ, et al. Granulocytic ehrlichia in Ixodes persulcatusticks from an area in China where Lyme disease is endemic. J Clin Microbiol. 2000; 38(11): 4208-4210.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cao WC, Zhao QM, Zhang PH, Dumler JS, Zhang XT, Fang LQ, et al. Granulocytic ehrlichia in Ixodes persulcatusticks from an area in China where Lyme disease is endemic. J Clin Microbiol. 2000; 38(11): 4208-4210.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rar VA, Golovljova I. Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, and “Candidatus Neoehrlichia” bacteria: pathogenicity, biodiversity, and molecular genetic characteristics, a review. Infect Genet Evol. 2011; 11(8): 1842-1861. doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2011.09.019</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rar VA, Golovljova I. Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, and “Candidatus Neoehrlichia” bacteria: pathogenicity, biodiversity, and molecular genetic characteristics, a review. Infect Genet Evol. 2011; 11(8): 1842-1861. doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2011.09.019</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rar VA, Epikhina TI, Tikunova NV, Yakimenko VV, Malkova MG, Tancev AK, et al. Genetic variability of Anaplasma phagocy­ tophilum in ticks and voles from Ixodes persulcatus/ Ixodes triangu­ liceps sympatric areas from Western Siberia, Russia. Ticks Tick­Borne Dis. 2014; 5(6): 854-863. doi: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2014.07.008</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rar VA, Epikhina TI, Tikunova NV, Yakimenko VV, Malkova MG, Tancev AK, et al. Genetic variability of Anaplasma phagocy­ tophilum in ticks and voles from Ixodes persulcatus/ Ixodes triangu­liceps sympatric areas from Western Siberia, Russia. Ticks Tick­Borne Dis. 2014; 5(6): 854-863. doi: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2014.07.008</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Blaňarová L, Stanko M, Carpi G, Miklisová D, Víchová B, Mošanský L, et al. Distinct Anaplasma phagocytophilumgenotypes associated with Ixodes triangulicepsticks and rodents in Central Europe. Ticks Tick­Borne Dis.2014; 5(6): 928-38. doi: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2014.07.012.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Blaňarová L, Stanko M, Carpi G, Miklisová D, Víchová B, Mošanský L, et al. Distinct Anaplasma phagocytophilumgenotypes associated with Ixodes triangulicepsticks and rodents in Central Europe. Ticks Tick­Borne Dis. 2014; 5(6): 928-38. doi: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2014.07.012.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
