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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">actabiomedica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Acta Biomedica Scientifica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Acta Biomedica Scientifica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-9420</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9596</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29413/ABS.2019-4.2.13</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">actabiomedica-2051</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПСИХОЛОГИЯ И ПСИХИАТРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Препараты лития в психиатрии, наркологии и неврологии. Часть II. Биохимическая</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lithium Preparations in Psychiatry, Addiction Medicine and Neurology. Part II. Biochemical Mechanisms of Its Action</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0773-3405</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беккер</surname><given-names>Р. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bekker</surname><given-names>R. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Беккер Роман Александрович – программист, инженер-математик, магистр в области компьютерных наук, исследователь лаборатории автономных роботов, факультет электроники и компьютерных наук</p><p>8410501, г. Беэр-Шева, б. Бен-Гурион, Израиль</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Roman A. Bekker – Programmer, Computer Engineer, Magister of Computer Science, Research Officer at the Laboratory of Autonomous Security Systems (Robotics), Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering</p><p>bulv. Ben-Gurion Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rbekker1@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4705-3823</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Быков</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bykov</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Быков Юрий Витальевич – кандидат медицинских наук, врач анестезиолог-реаниматолог, врач психиатр-нарколог, ассистент кафедры анестезиологии, реаниматологии и скорой медицинской помощи педиатрического факультета </p><p>355017, г. Ставрополь, ул. Мира, 310</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bykov Yuriy Vitalievich – Cand. Sc. (Med.), Anesthesiologist, Psychiatrist, Narcologist, Teaching Assistant at the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Emergency Medicine of the Pediatric Faculty</p><p>ul. Mira 310, Stavropol 355017</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yubykov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет им. Давида Бен-Гуриона в Негеве</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ben-Gurion University of the Negev</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Ставропольский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Stavropol State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>05</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>4</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>80</fpage><lpage>100</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Беккер Р.А., Быков Ю.В., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Беккер Р.А., Быков Ю.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bekker R.A., Bykov Y.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/2051">https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/2051</self-uri><abstract><p>Литий – первый и самый лёгкий в ряду щелочных металлов, к которому принадлежат, помимо лития, весьма биологически важные макроэлементы – натрий и калий, а также микроэлементы рубидий и цезий. Несмотря на свою формальную принадлежность к группе щелочных металлов, литий, как и многие другие химические элементы «атипичного» второго периода таблицы Менделеева (например, бор), по ряду своих химических свойств больше похож не на своих собратьев по группе, а на своего «диагонального собрата» – на магний. Как мы покажем в данной статье, диагональное сходство лития с магнием имеет большое значение для понимания механизмов его внутриклеточного биохимического действия. В то же время внутригрупповое химическое сходство лития с натрием и калием имеет большее значение для понимания механизмов его всасывания, распределения в организме и выведения. Несмотря на 70 лет, прошедшие со дня переоткрытия Джоном Кейдом антиманиакального эффекта лития, механизмы его терапевтического действия до сих пор остаются не до конца понятными. Известно, что в механизмах действия лития играет роль его влияние на целый ряд важных внутриклеточных ферментов, таких, как инозитол-монофосфатаза, гормон-чувствительная аденилатциклаза, фосфоаденозин-фосфатаза, протеинкиназа C и другие, и на целый ряд внутриклеточных сигнальных каскадов, таких, как ретиноидный, каннабиноидный, моноаминергические и другие. В конечном итоге оказывается, что механизм терапевтического действия лития чрезвычайно сложный, многокомпонентный, уникальный и неповторимый. Отдельные аспекты механизма его действия могут совпадать с механизмами действия других нормотимиков, или же с механизмами действия экспериментальных так называемых «литий-миметиков», таких, как эбселен. Однако во всей полноте воспроизвести биохимическое действие лития на организм ни одним другим «литий-миметиком» пока не удалось.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Lithium is the first and the lightest in the series of alkali metals, to which, in addition to lithium, two very biologically important elements – sodium and potassium, as well as trace elements rubidium and cesium, belong. Despite its formal affiliation to the group of alkali metals, lithium, like many other chemical elements of the «atypical» second period of the periodic table (for example, boron), is more similar in its chemical properties not to its counterparts in the group, but to its «diagonal brother» – magnesium. As we will show in this article, the diagonal chemical similarity between lithium and magnesium is of great importance for understanding the mechanisms of its intracellular biochemical action. At the same time, the intragroup chemical similarity of lithium with sodium and potassium is more important for understanding the mechanisms of its absorption, its distribution in the body and its excretion. Despite the 70 years that have passed since John Cade’s discovery of the antimanic effect of lithium, the mechanisms of its therapeutic action are still not completely understood. In the end, it turns out that the mechanism of the therapeutic action of lithium is extremely complex, multicomponent, unique and not imitable. Certain aspects of the mechanism of its action may be compatible with the mechanisms of action of other mood stabilizers, or with the mechanisms of action of so-called «lithium-mimetics», such as ebselen. However, no other drug to date failed to fully reproduce the biochemical effect of lithium on the body.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>литий</kwd><kwd>литий-миметик</kwd><kwd>инозитол-монофосфатаза</kwd><kwd>внутриклеточные сигнальные каскады</kwd><kwd>триптофан-декарбоксилаза</kwd><kwd>протеинкиназа С</kwd><kwd>P-гликопротеин</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>lithium</kwd><kwd>lithium mimetic</kwd><kwd>inositol monophosphatase</kwd><kwd>intracellular signaling</kwd><kwd>tryptophan decarboxylase</kwd><kwd>protein kinase С</kwd><kwd>P glycoprotein</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Birch NJ. (Ed.). Lithium and the cell: pharmacology and biochemistry. New York: Academic Press; 2012.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Birch NJ. (Ed.). Lithium and the cell: pharmacology and biochemistry. 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