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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">actabiomedica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Acta Biomedica Scientifica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Acta Biomedica Scientifica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2541-9420</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9596</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29413/ABS.2019-4.2.1</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">actabiomedica-2039</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>БИОЛОГИЯ И МЕДИЦИНСКАЯ БИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>BIOLOGY AND MEDICAL BIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Гонадолиберин – синтез, секреция, молекулярные механизмы и мишени действия</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Gonadoliberin – Synthesis, Secretion, Molecular Mechanisms and Targets of Action</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4293-3162</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шпаков</surname><given-names>А. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shpakov</surname><given-names>A. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шпаков Александр Олегович – доктор биологических наук, заведующий лабораторией молекулярной эндокринологии и нейрохимииSCOPUS ID: 35231150500, РИНЦ SPIN-код: 6335-8311, AuthorID: 87662</p><p>194223, г. Санкт-Петербург, пр. Тореза, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr O. Shpakov – Dr. Sc. (Biol.), Head of the Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Biochemistry</p><p>SCOPUS ID: 35231150500, РИНЦ SPIN-код: 6335-8311, AuthorID: 87662</p><p>prospekt Toreza 44, Saint Petersburg 194223</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alex_shpakov@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6555-9540</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Деркач</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Derkach</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Деркач Кира Викторовна – кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной эндокринологии и нейрохимии</p><p>SCOPUS ID: 6603743572, РИНЦ SPIN-код: 6925-1558, AuthorID: 83183</p><p>194223, г. Санкт-Петербург, пр. Тореза, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kira V. Derkach – Cand. Sc. (Biol.), Leading Research Officer at the Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Biochemistry</p><p>SCOPUS ID: 6603743572, РИНЦ SPIN-код: 6925-1558, AuthorID: 83183</p><p>prospekt Toreza 44, Saint Petersburg 194223</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">derkatch_k@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН «Институт эволюционной физиологии и биохимии им. И.М. Сеченова» РАН</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>05</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>4</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>15</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шпаков А.О., Деркач К.В., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шпаков А.О., Деркач К.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shpakov A.O., Derkach K.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/2039">https://www.actabiomedica.ru/jour/article/view/2039</self-uri><abstract><p>Декапептид гонадолиберин (GnRH), важнейший регулятор гипоталамо-гипофизарно-гонадной (ГГГ) оси, контролирует синтез и секрецию лютеинизирующего и фолликулостимулирующего гормонов гонадотрофами аденогипофиза. Он продуцируется специализированными гипоталамическими нейронами путём сайт-специфичного протеолиза прекурсорного белка и секретируется в портальную систему гипофиза, где связывается со специфичными рецепторами. Эти рецепторы относятся к семейству G-белок-сопряжённых рецепторов, расположены на поверхности гонадотрофов и опосредуют регуляторные эффекты GnRH на продукцию гонадотропинов. Результатом связывания с ними GnRH являются активация фосфолипазы С и кальций-зависимых путей, стимуляция различных форм митогенактивируемых протеинкиназ, а также активация фермента аденилатциклазы и запуск цАМФ-зависимых сигнальных путей в гонадотрофах. Важную роль в регуляции экспрессии гена GnRH1, кодирующего прекурсор GnRH, а также синтеза и секреции GnRH играют гонадотропины, кисспептин, половые стероидные гормоны, инсулин, мелатонин и ряд транскрипционных факторов. Функциональная активность GnRH-продуцирующих нейронов зависит от процесса их миграции в гипоталамическую область на ранних стадиях онтогенеза, который находится под контролем аносмина, эфринов, обогащённого лактозамином поверхностного гликоконъюгата. Нарушение регуляции процесса миграции GnRH-продуцирующих нейронов, а также нарушения продукции и секреции GnRH приводят к гипогонадотропному гипогонадизму и другим дисфункциям репродуктивной системы. Настоящий обзор посвящён современному состоянию проблемы регуляции синтеза и секреции GnRH, механизмам миграции гипоталамических GnRH-продуцирующих нейронов на ранних стадиях развития мозга, их функциональной активности в гипоталамусе взрослого организма и молекулярным механизмам действия GnRH на гонадотрофы гипофиза. Проанализированы новые экспериментальные данные, которые существенно меняют имеющиеся представления о функционировании GnRH-продуцирующих нейронов и секреции ими GnRH, что крайне важно для разработки эффективных подходов, направленных на коррекцию функций гипоталамо-гипофизарно-гонадной оси.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Decapeptide gonadoliberin (GnRH) is the most important regulator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis that controls the synthesis and secretion of the luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones by gonadotrophs in the adenohypophysis. GnRH is produced by the specialized hypothalamic neurons using the site-specific proteolysis of the precursor protein and is secreted into the portal pituitary system, where it binds to the specific receptors. These receptors belong to the family of G protein-coupled receptors, and they are located on the surface of gonadotrophs and mediate the regulatory effects of GnRH on the gonadotropins production. The result of GnRH binding to them is the activation of phospholipase C and the calcium-dependent pathways, the stimulation of different forms of mitogen-activated protein kinases, as well as the activation of the enzyme adenylyl cyclase and the triggering of cAMP-dependent signaling pathways in the gonadotrophs. The gonadotropins, kisspeptin, sex steroid hormones, insulin, melatonin and a number of transcription factors have an important role in the regulation of GnRH1 gene expression, which encodes the GnRH precursor, as well as the synthesis and secretion of GnRH. The functional activity of GnRH-producing neurons depends on their migration to the hypothalamic region at the early stages of ontogenesis, which is controlled by anosmin, ephrins, and lactosamine-rich surface glycoconjugate. Dysregulation of the migration of GnRH-producing neurons and the impaired production and secretion of GnRH, lead to hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and other dysfunctions of the reproductive system. This review is devoted to the current state of the problem of regulating the synthesis and secretion of GnRH, the mechanisms of migration of hypothalamic GnRH-producing neurons at the early stages of brain development, the functional activity of the GnRH-producing neurons in the adult hypothalamus and the molecular mechanisms of GnRH action on the pituitary gonadotrophs. New experimental data are analyzed, which significantly change the current understanding of the functioning of GnRH-producing neurons and the secretion of GnRH, which is very important for the development of effective approaches for correcting the functions of the HPG axis.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гонадолиберин</kwd><kwd>гонадотропин</kwd><kwd>гипоталамо-гипофизарно-гонадная ось</kwd><kwd>гипоталамический нейрон</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>gonadoliberin</kwd><kwd>gonadotropin</kwd><kwd>hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad axis</kwd><kwd>hypothalamic neuron</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">грант РФФИ (№ 18-515-45004 ИНД_а); государственное задание АААА-А18-118012290427-7.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ikemoto T, Park MK. 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